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初中英语语法专题讲座——副词
【复习要点】
和形容词一样，副词在句中也属于修饰范畴。形容词主要修饰名词，而副词则主要用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句，以表示程度、方式、时间、地点以及对话语的态度等。例如：
①.修饰动词的词语就是副词，如beat it heavily中的“heavily”就是副词，修饰“beat”，狠狠地打击。
②.还有的副词是修饰形容词的，常常表示程度。如extremely beautiful中的“extremely”修饰形容词“beautiful”，“极其漂亮的”
③.还有的副词本身修饰副词，和修饰形容词类似。He plays football very well.
④.较特殊情况的副词可以放在句首，表一种伴随状态。例如：“Fortunately，I managed it in time"中的fortunately。幸运的，我最后及时的完成了（那件事情）。
1. 副词的构成：
从形态上看，大多数副词都是由“形容词＋后缀-ly”构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。
形容词变副词：
①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly
②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily
③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently
注意: friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。
④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：
the high jump 跳高项目（形容词） to jump high 跳得高（副词）
a fast car 行得快的汽车（形容词）to drive fast 开快车（副词）
an early riser 早起的人（形容词）to get up early 起得早（副词）
a straight line直线（形容词）Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。（副词）
注意：兼有两种形式的副词
①.late 与lately：
late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"。例如：You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?
②.deep与deeply：
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.
③.high与highly：
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 。例如：The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.
④.wide与widely：
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wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" 。例如：He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.
2. 副词的位置：
①. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。
注意：频度副词通常置于系动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如： Mary is always late for the meeting.玛丽开会老是迟到。We must always remember our friends.我们必须牢记我们的朋友。
I have never been to London. 我从未去过伦敦。My mother often does morning exercises in the morning.我妈妈经常在早上做早操。
②. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面，但也有例外。如：These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。 He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。 She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。
注意：
A.副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 例如：(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much.
B.副词enough应放在所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：The boy is old enough to go to school.这个男孩到上学的年龄了。I know him well enough. 我非常了解他。
He didn't get up early enough to catch the early bus. 他起床不够早，没有赶上早班车。
C. 注意顺序：
quite/rather a good player=a very good player.一个相当不错的球员。
③. 按一般规则，如果有几个时间状语，单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如：The film will begin at seven o’clock this evening. 电影今晚7点开演。 I was born at two o’clock on the morning of May15.
④. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。 He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。
3. 副词的基本用法：
副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子。
⑴ 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词有宾语，则要位于宾语之后。频度副词常位于助动词和连系动词be 之后或实义动词之前。例如：He arrived only yesterday. 他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor. 地板上到处都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day. 我一整天都非常为你担心。She plays the piano very well. 她钢琴弹得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money. 那个男孩老是向他父母要钱。She never goes to the cinema. 她向来不看电影。
⑵ 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要后置。例如：She seems quite happy. 她看上去相当愉快。You’ve done rather badly in the test. 你考得够糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces. 风迎面吹来。This girl is not old enough to go to school.
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这个女孩还没有到上学的年龄。He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没有赶上火车。
⑶ 用作表语，多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如：Is anybody in? 里面有人吗？有人在家吗？Father is away. 父亲离家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs. 我住楼下，我哥哥住楼上。My friend is still abroad. 我的朋友还在国外。
⑷ 少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语，一般位于名词之后。例如：I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home. 在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样？
⑸ 副词的比较等级用法与形容词一样，请参见《初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词》有关内容。
【考题分析】
1．—One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. — Right. The government spoke ____ that.
A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of
分析：本题考点为speak highly of，其中用的是副词highly。答案：D
2．Some studies have shown that students who eat good breakfast stay ______ and do ______ than those who don’t.
A. thin, well B. thinner, better C. the thinnest, the best D. thinnest, best
分析：本题第1空格为形容词，第2空格为副词。后半句中有than一词，说明要求使用比较级。答案：B
3．It is ______ to work out this problem. You needn’t go to the teacher.
A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily
分析：副词enough的位置问题是一个常见的考点，它通常位于形容词或副词
的后面。答案：C
4．同义句：There was a heavy rain last night.
______ ______ ______ last night.
分析：我们知道，大多数副词和形容词之间存在着同义转换关系，例如：He is
a slow runner. → He runs slowly.
本题即可从这里找到答案，但同时要注意动词的用法。答案：It rained heavily
5.—How far is the factory from here?
—It’s about 4 kilometers _______.
A. far B. long C. away D. near
分析：此题容易误选A。这是由于受到汉语思维的影响，因为译成汉语正好是
“大约4公里远”。其实，问距离时可以用How far is …. ?，但是far不能与表示
具体的距离连用，此时应该用away。正确答案为：C
【巩固练习】
一、用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空：
1. It is in the south than in the north. (warm)
2. French is not used so as English. (widely)
3. His brother is quite . He is the in his class. (strong)
4. Which goes , a horse or a dog? (fast)
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5. The sun is to the earth than many other stars. (near)
6. The you speak, the we shall understand you. (clearly, well)
7. She fell yesterday and she feels even today. (ill)
8. Christmas in the west is as as the Spring Festival in China. (important)
9. The Changjiang River is one of the rivers in the world. (long)
10. We are too tired to go any . (far)
11. This work is quite ________. I think he can do it quite ________. (easy)
12. Travelling by air is much ________ than travelling by train. (expensive)
13. He spoke too ____for us to follow. Have you ever heard a person who speaks ___ than him? (quickly)
14. This photo is very ________, but that one is ________ than this one. (old)
15. My friend doesn’t feel ________ enough today, but I believe he’ll be ________ tomorrow. (well)
二、选择填空：
1. Mary is than her sister.
A. very more carefully B. much careful C. much more careful D. much carefully
2. Bill is than any of the in the class.
A. taller, other boys B. tall, other boy C. taller, boys D. tall, other boys[
3. He isn’t to hold such a heavy box.
A. enough high B. very strong C. strong enough D. tall enough
4. He knew only about the history, but I knew .
A. a little, a few B. little, even little C. some, least D. a little, even less
5. We have kept the room for you. It’s comfortable room we have.
A. the more B. the most C. very much D. much too
6. He didn’t use his pen, because it wasn’t to write with.
A. good enough B. good as enough C. as enough good D. best enough
7. Mike Tom.
A. doesn’t drive as fast than B. don’t drive so fast as C. drives less fast as D. drives less fast than
8. This building is one of the two.
A. the most magnificent B. very magnificent C. the more magnificent D. more magnificent
9. If you don’t go to see the doctor, your illness will become .
A. very bad B. very worse C. much worst D. worse[
10. The Yellow River is river in China.
A. a second longest B. the second longest C. quite a longest D. second longest
参考答案:
一、1.warmer 2. widely 3.strong, strongest 4.faster 5.nearer 6.more clearly, better 7.ill, worse 8. important 9. longest 10. farther 11. easy, easily 12. more expensive 13. quickly, more quickly 14. old, older 15. well, better
二、1—5 CACDB 6—10 ADCDB
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