图形的放大与缩小,位似变换

3.5图形的放大与缩小，位似变换Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 1.前面我们已经学习了图形的哪些变换？平移：平移的方向,平移的距离.旋转：旋转中心,旋转方向,旋转角度.相似：相似比.对称(轴对称与轴对称图形,中心对称与中心对称图形)：对称轴,对称中心.注：图形这些不同的变换是我们学习几何必不可少的重要工具,它不但装点了我们的生活,而且是学习后续知识的基础.下面请欣赏如下图形的变换Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 请同学们仔细观察下列两幅图有什么共同特点？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 位位位位图图图图似似似似形形形形Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. CDEEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 下面两副图是相似形吗？认真观察看它们还有什么特征？ABCDEFOMNEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 哇!果真奇特这不过是冰山一角原来是一组景观呀没那么简单哦,它们是相似图形还有更奇特的呢!位似图形Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 大家好,今天我带你们去探秘相似图形王国最奇特的景观图形的放大与缩小Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 幻灯机的胶片和屏幕上的画面也形成一种位似关系．Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 下列图形中，每个图中的四边形ABCD和四边形A′B′C′D′都是相似图形.分别观察这五个图，你发现每个图中的两个四边形各对应点的连线有什么特征？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 1.每组图形的形状有什么关系？2.每组图形的对应点的连线有什么关系？共同发现形状相同——相似图形对应点的连线相交于一点.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 如果一组图形不仅相似,而且对应点的连线相交于一点，像这样的两个图形叫做位似图形,这个点叫做位似中心.关键词：对应点的连线相交于一点相似位似图形1.这样的图形叫位似图形Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 1．两图形相似．同时满足下面三个条件的两个图形才叫做位似图形．三条件缺一不可．显然，位似图形是相似图形的特殊情形，其相似比又叫做它们的位似比.2．每组对应点所在直线都经过同一点．3.对应边互相平行或重合.明晰新知Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 位似图形特征：1.位似图形一定是相似形，反之不一定.2.判断位似图形时要注意：首先，它们必须是相似形，其次，每一对对应点所在直线都经过同一点.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 看一看C’CB’BA’ABAA’EDCE’D’C’B’CABD’C’B’A’DEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 想一想在位似图形中，位似中心位置可能有几种情况呢？可以在图形内部，也可以在图形外部，还可以在图形的某个顶点上或在图形的某条边上.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 1.下列图形是否是位似图形？如果是请指出位似中心，如果不是请说明理由.BACEDFEDCBAHG位似的判断Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 培养逆向思维在下图中,(1),(3)中的两个图形是位似图形,(2)中的两个图形不是位似图形.分别指出图(1),(3)各自的位似中心;OP(1)(3)(2)灵感智慧Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. BAA’EDCE’D’C’B’做一做1.判断下列各对图形是不是位似图形.(1)相似五边形ABCDE与五边形A’B’C’D’E’;(是)(2)正方形ABCD与正方形A’B’C’D’;(是)CABD’C’B’A’D(3)等边三角形ABC与等边三角形A’B’C’.C’CB’BA’A(是)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 2.判断下列各对图形哪些是位似图形，哪些不是.（1）相似五边形ABCDE与五边形A′B′C′D′E′；（2）在平行四边形ABCD中，△ABO与△CDO做一做是不是是Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. △ABC与△ADE①DE∥BC②∠AED＝∠B3.判断下列各对图形哪些是位似图形，哪些不是.做一做是不是Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 4.如图P，E，F分别是AC，AB，AD的中点，四边形AEPF与四边形ABCD是位似图形吗？如果是位似图形，说出位似中心和位似比.做一做四边形AEPF与四边形ABCD是位似图形.位似中心是:点A位似比是:12Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 5.判断下面的正方形是不是位似图形？（1）不是ACDBFEG显然，位似图形是相似图形的特殊情形.相似图形不一定是位似图形，可位似图形一定是相似图形思考：位似图形有何性质？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. OABA`C`B`CD`D1.已知:如图在同一平面内△ABC和△A`B`C`是位似图形,AA`、BB`、CC`的延长线相交于点O，OB交AC，A`C`于点D和D`.试问：①对应边有什么位置关系？②位似中心到对应点的线段比与相似比有什么关系？探究题Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. OABA`C`B`CD`D证明：①∵△ABC和△A`B`C`是位似图形OB交AC，A`C`于点D和D`∴△ABC∽△A`B`C`且D和D`是对应点∴△ABD∽△A`B`D`∴∠ABD=∠A`B`D`∴AB∥A`B`Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. OABA`C`B`CD`D证明：②∵AB∥A`B`∴∠BAO=∠B`A`O，∠ABO=∠A`B`O∴△OAB∽△OA`B`做一做Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 2.位似图形的性质性质：位似图形上任意一对对应点到位似中心的距离之比等于相似比.概念与性质Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. C`A`B`BAOC1.两个位似形一定是相似形；2.各对对应顶点所在的直线都经过同一点；（二）位似图形的性质Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. （二）位似图形的性质3.对应边互相平行或在一条直线上4.位似比等于位似图形的相似比.位似图形上任意一对对应点到位似中心的距离之比叫位似比.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 如何对一个图形进行放大或缩小呢？四边形ABCD，现要对其放大两倍，该如何操作？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. ABCDA1B1C1D1如图四边形ABCD，现要对其放大两倍，该如何操作？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 小结：我们可以先画一个格点图，通过它来辅助画图.但这样做有什么不好的地方呢？能不能再找更为简便的方法呢？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 看一看，想一想我们在物理上都学过了小孔成像，从中你能得到什么启示呢？ABA’B’OEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 做一做如图，已知△ABC，求作△A’B’C’，使得△ABC的边长缩小到原来的一半.连AO,并延长至A’，使连BO,并延长至B’，使连CO,并延长至C’，使连接三个顶点就可以得到△A’B’C’.你能解释原因吗?A’B‘C‘Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 做一做也可以这样来处理：ABCO1.连OA，在OA上取A’，使连OB，在OB上取B’，使连OC，在OC上取C’，使A’B’C’2.3.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 现在要把多边形ABCDE放大到1.5倍，即新图与原图的相似比为1.5．按照下面的方法画图，看看能不能将原来的多边形放大？1．任取一点O；2．以点O为端点作射线OA、OB、OC、…；3．分别在射线OA、OB、OC、…上取点A’、B’、C’、…，使：OA’:OA=OB’:OB=OC’:OC=…=1.5;4．连接A’B’、B’C’、…，得到所要画的多边形A’B’C’D’E’.画一画Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 要画四边形ABCD的位似图形，还可以任取一点O，如图24.4.2，作直线OA、OB、OC、OD，在点O的另一侧取点A′、B′、C′、D′，使OA′∶OA＝OB′∶OB＝OC′∶OC＝OD′∶OD＝2，也可以得到放大到2倍的四边形A′B′C′D′．观察一Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 观察二实际上，如图18.4.3所示，如果把位似中心取在多边形内，那么也可以把一个多边形放大或缩小，而且较为简便．Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. O.ABC.练习与拓展1．如图，已知△ABC和点O.以O为位似中心，求作△ABC的位似图形，并把△ABC的边长扩大到原来的两倍.OA:OA’=OB:OB’=OC:OC’=1:2B’A'C’Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 作位似图形，要用尺规作图：1.若指定位似中心，一般可作两个，位于位似中心两侧；2.若不指定位似中心，一般可作无数个.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 问：你们能得到的是正立放大的“像”、正立缩小的“像”、倒立缩小的“像”吗？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 应用ABA`C`B`CO以任意点O为位似中心，在O点与△ABC的同侧画出边长缩小为原来的一半的△A`B`C`.1.选取中心点2.连结OA、OB、OC.3.在OA、OB、OC上分别选取A`、B`、C`，使OA`/OA=1/2、OB`/OB=1/2、OC`/OC=1/2.步骤：4.连结A`B`，A`C`，B`C`，得△A`B`C`Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 观看：位似图形的画图题2ABA`C`B`CO以O为位似中心把△ABC在O点的异侧画出边长缩小为原来的一半的三角形.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. A`B`C`ABCO观看：位似图形的画图题3如图：△ABC以任意点O为位似中心，画出正立的边长放大为原来的两倍的三角形.结论：△A`B`C`为所求的三角形Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 1.利用位似可以把一个图形放大或缩小.2.利用位似可以作一个图形正像与倒像.（2）.两个图形在位似中心的异侧得可以得到一个图形的倒像.（1）.两个图形在位似中心的同侧得可以得到一个图形的正像.位似的作用Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. AHGFEDCBOLKAHKFEDCBOLGAHGFEDCBOLKAHGFEDCBOLKAHGFEDCBOLKAHGFEDCBOLKEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. ABDCA/B/D/C/OA/B/D/C/ABDCOABDCA/B/D/C/OABDCA/B/D/C/ABDCA/B/D/C/观察下图中的五个图，回答下列问题：在各图中，位似图形的位似中心与这两个图形有什么位置关系？位置不一样，位似中心就不一样.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 典例解析1.如图，D，E分别AB，AC上的点.（1）如果DE∥BC，那么∆ADE和∆ABC是位似图形吗？为什么？ABCDE解：（1）∆ADE和∆ABC是位似图形.理由是：DE∥BC，所以∠ADE和＝∠B，∠AED＝∠C.所以∆ADE∽∆ABC.又因为点A是∆ADE和∆ABC的公共点，点D和点B是对应点，点E和点C是对应点，直线BD与CE交于点A，所以∆ADE和∆ABC是位似图形.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 典例解析2.如图，D，E分别AB，AC上的点.（1）如果DE∥BC，那么∆ADE和∆ABC是位似图形吗？为什么？ABCDE（2）如果∆ADE和∆ABC是位似图形，那么DE∥BC吗？为什么？解：（2）DE∥BC.理由是：∆ADE和∆ABC是位似图形，∆ADE∽∆ABC∠ADE＝∠BDE∥BC.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 画位似图形的步骤步骤：（1）确定位似中心点；（2）将图形各顶点与位似中心连接（或延长）；（3）按位似比进行取点；（4）顺次连接各点，所得的图形就是所求的图形.注意：（1）位似中心可以是任意一点，这个点可以在多边形的内部或外部或在多边形上，但具体问题一般要考虑画图方便且符合要求；（2）一般情况下，画已知图形的位似图形的结果不唯一；（3）将一个图形放大或缩小而保持形状不变.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 想一想利用作位似图形的方法，你能将下面的三角形缩小，使缩小后的三角形与原三角形对应线段的比为1：2吗？与同伴进行交流.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. O.ABCA'C’B’.将三角形ABC放大一倍.实践Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. O.ABA'C’B’CEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. ACBOEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. OAA’BCB’C’以0为中心把△ABC缩小为原来的一半.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. ABA’C’B’CO以0为中心把△ABC缩小为原来的一半.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. .将黄色五角星缩小为原来的一半..........OEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 注意1.位似的概念，所画出的图形应与原图形相似，按照一定的比例缩放，同时应注意的是位似图形的对应顶点连线必交于一点，这一点即为位似中心.2.画位似图形的关键是确定位似中心.先连结顶点与位似中心，然后按比例确定对应点的位置，再连结对应点即可作出相应的位似图形.3.根据位似画出的图形是非常美观的，在实际生活中有着一定的应用.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 至此，我们已经学习了四种变换：平移、轴对称、旋转和位似，你能说出它们之间的异同吗？在图所示的图案中，你能找到这些变换吗？Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 1.如果两个相似图形的每组对应点所在的直线都交于一点,那么这样的两个图形叫做（位似图形）,这个交点叫做（位似中心）,这时两个相似图形的相似比又叫做它们的（位似比）.2.位似图形的对应点和位似中心在同一条直线上,它们到位似中心的距离之比等于相似比.3.位似图形中不经过位似中心的对应线段平行.课堂小结Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd. 习题3.5（A）第1，2题作业Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.