BenjaminFranklinRevolutionaryPeriod(1776-1820)"TheAgeofReason^^"AmericanEnlightenment^HistoricalIntroduction1.IndependenceWar:IndustrialRevolutionspurredtheeconomyinAmericancolonies.StrictrulesmadebyEnglishgovernmentpreventedtheeconomicdevelopmentofthecolonies.Itwasunfair.SoAmericanIndependenceWarbroke•IndependenceWara:1775,Lexington,beginningoftheIndependenceWarb:June4th,1776,ThomasJefferson,DeclarationofIndependencec:177&alliancewithFrance,turningpointforAmericanarmyd:177&Englisharmysurrenderede:1783,formalrecognitionfromBritaingovernment2.Spirituallifeofthecolonies一EnlightenmentPhilosophical&intellectualmovement.The18th-centuryAmericanEnlightenmentwasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationalityorreasonratherthantradition,scientificinquiryinsteadofunquestioningreligiousdogma,andrepresentativegovernmentinplaceofmonarchy.a:OriginatedinEuropeinthe17thcenturyb:Resources:Newton^theory;deism(自然神教派，宗教与启蒙精神相结合的产物);Frenchphilosophy(Rousseau,Voltaire)c:Basicprinciples:stressingeducation;stressingReason(Order)(TheagehasbeencalledAgeofReason.);employingReasontoreconsiderthetraditionsandsocialrealities;concernsforcivilrights,suchasequalityandsocialjusticed:Representatives:e:InfluenceonliteratureInform:imitatingEnglishclassical(占典主义)writersIncontent:utilitariantendency(forpoliticaloreducationalpurpose)BenjaminFranklinkeywords:statesman,scientistandwriter,TheAutobiography,PoorRichard'sAlmanac,puritan,hardwork&thrift,,successful,printer,contributions,etc.TheonlygoodwriteroftheRevolutionaryperiod・Printer,enlightener,inventor,scientist,statesman,diplomatAidedJeffersoninwriting"TheDeclarationofIndependence^.SoughthelpfromFranceinAmericanIndependentWa匚(l)LifeFranklin"sContributionstoSocietyHehelpedfoundthePennsylvaniaHospital.HefoundedanacademywhichledtotheUniversityofPennsylvania・AndhehelpedfoundtheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.
Franklin9sContributionstoScienceiHewasalsorememberedforvolunteerfiredepartments,effectivestreetlighting,theFranklinstove,bifocalglassesandefficientheatingdevices.丄Andforhislightning-rod,hewascalled“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven/^Franklin'sContributionstotheU・S・丄HewastheonlyAmericantosignthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates:TheDeclarationofIndependence,TheTreatyofAlliancewithFrance,TheTreatyofPeacewithEngland,TheConstitutionBenjaminFranklin-(2)WorksPoorRichardfsAhncmac《格言历书》Autobiography《自传》Withithesettheformforautobiographyasagenre.Literaryterm:Autobiography・Awrittenaccountofone^sownlife.・Autobiographicalwritingasaliterarygenre.PoorRichard，sAlmanackeywords:BenjaminFranklin,Modeledonfarmers'annualcalendar;keptpublishingformanyyears;includesmanyclassicalsayings,suchas“Apennysavedisapennyearnedhardwork,thrift,Puritan,quotes,proverbs,printedhimself,etc.TheAutobiographyfirstofitskindinliteratureWritingwhenhewas65AnintroductionofhislifetohisownsonIncludingfourpartswrittenindifferenttimePuritanism^influence,suchasself-examinationandself-improvement(timetable,thirteenvirtues,lifestyle)Enlightenmentspirits(marTsnaturegood,rightsofliberty,virtuesincludes“ordeFJStyleHisstyleisclearandevenplaininhistime,butformodernreaders,itisabithardtoread.Hisstyleisratherformal,buttheorganizationofhismaterialisinformalItisabookontheartofself-improvemen匸Itissignificant:(1)itisaclassicofitskindinAmericanliterature;(2)itindicatesthefactthatFranklinwasthespokesmanofAmericanenlightenment.FranklinembodiedthetransitionfromPuritanpiety,idealismandprovincialismtothemoresecular,utilitarian,andcosmopolitanvaluesoftheAmericanenlightenment.
AnalysisofSelectedPartsTheAutobiographyA.3parasa.Hewasinterestedinreadingasachild・b・Beinganapprenticetohisbrother,hebeganwriting・c.Howheimprovedhisargumentation.Summary:Franklinwasthirstyforknowledgeandimprovedhiswritingwithpracticalmethods.Howhegainedsuccessthroughhisconsistenteffortandhardworking.(self-improvement/education)B.5parasa.Thewayoflearninglanguage.b.Practicemakesperfect-一apieceofadviceonhowtoteachlanguage.c/d・Relationswithhisrelatives.Lifeexperience.e.LearningClub:devotedontheimprovementofyoungman,influencedpublicopinion.Summary:Franklinwasapractical,diligentman.Inlearninglanguage,hehadagreatpowerofenduranceandclevermind.Healwaystriedhisbesttoachievehisgoal,nomatterinlifeorstudy,(self-reliance)
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