几何概型Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
(1)从1,2,……,9共9个数字中任取一个数字,取出的数字为偶数的概率.求下列随机事件发生的概率.古典概型的两个特点:等可能性:每个基本事件出现的可能性相等.有限性:试验中所有可能出现的基本事件只有有限个.计算公式:94Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
实验:进行抛掷小豆子的实验如图,有一个由红绿蓝三色构成的彩色圆盘,向圆盘内随机抛掷豆子(落在圆盘外的不算).提问1:这个问题是不是古典概型的问题?提问2:你猜想豆子落在红色区域内的概率是多少?Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
记“小豆子落在红色区域”为事件A,猜想:P(A)=探究、实验、猜想Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
无限性:试验中可能出现的结果有无限个;等可能性:发生每一种结果的可能性相同。几何概型的特征性质:如何求解它的概率呢?Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
几何概型的定义及计算公式:事件A理解为区域的某一子区域A,A的概率只与子区域A的几何度量(长度、面积或体积)成正比,而与A的位置和形状无关满足以上条件的试验称为几何概型其中区域A的几何度量(长度、面积或体积)P(A)=区域的几何度量(长度、面积或体积)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
例1.如图示,在边长为a的正方形围栏内均匀散布着米粒,一小鸡在其中随意啄食,此刻小鸡正在正方形内切圆中的概率是_________.典例讲解:π4面积型事件A是“正方形内切圆的面积”则例1.如图示,在边长为a的正方形围栏内均匀散布着米粒,一小鸡在其中随意啄食,此刻小鸡正在正方形内切圆中的概率是_________.解:区域是“正方形的面积”;Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
1、一海豚在水池中自由游弋,水池为长30m,宽20m的长方形,求此刻海豚嘴尖离岸边不超过2m的概率.解:区域Ω是长30m、宽20m的长方形.练习:图中阴影部分表示事件A:“海豚嘴尖离岸边不超过2m”,区域Ω的面积为30×20=600(m2),阴影A的面积为30×20-26×16=184(m2).Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
例2、在1000mL的水中有一个草履虫,现从中取出2mL水样放到显微镜下观察,发现草履虫的概率.与体积成比例0.0023、在10立方米的沙子中藏有一个玻璃球,取出1立方米的沙子,则取出的沙子中含有玻璃球的概率?体积型Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
0101320..。.例3、在区间[10,20]内的所有实数中,随机地取一个实数a,满足10≤a≤13的概率........103练习:在区间[0,3]内任取一数a,且a使方程有两个相异实根的概率?Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
练习:2、两根相距6m的木杆上系一根绳子,并在绳子上挂一盏灯,则灯与两端的距离都大于2m的概率?1、在一个长为a,宽为b的矩形中画一梯形,上底为a/3,下底为a/2,高为b,向该矩形中投一点,问落在梯形中的概率是?Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
3、在1万平方千米的海域中有40平方千米的大陆架储藏着石油,如果在海域中任意点钻探,钻到油层面的概率.0.004与面积成比例Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
课堂小结:(1)无限性;(2)等可能性1、几何概型的特征性质:2、几何概型及计算公式:试验的全部结果所构成的区域长度(面积或体积)P(A)=构成事件A的区域长度(面积或体积)其中Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
思考与探究:在长为12cm的线段AB上任取一点M,并以AM为边长作正方形,求正方形面积介于36与81之间的概率Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
课堂作业P114A组2、3题Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.
谢谢Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.