荀子劝学双语版

荀子-劝学篇-英文版荀子Hsun-TzuTranslatedbyBurtonWatson劝学篇 第一 ENCOURAGING,LEARNING(SECTION1)  君子曰：学不可以已。青、取之於蓝，而青於蓝；冰、水为之，而寒於水。木直中绳，輮以为轮，其曲中规，虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砺则利，君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。 Thegentlemansays:Learningshouldnevercease.Bluecomesfromtheindigoplantbutisbluerthantheplantitself.Iceismadeofwaterbutiscolderthanwatereveris….Ifthegentlemanstudieswidelyandeachdayexamineshimself,hiswisdomwillbecomeclearandhisconductbewithoutfault. 故不登高山，不知天之高也；不临深溪，不知地之厚也；不闻先王之遗言，不知学问之大也。干、越、夷、貉之子，生而同声，长而异俗，教使之然也。诗曰：「嗟尔君子，无恒安息。靖共尔位，好是正直。神之听之，介尔景福。」神莫大於化道，福莫长於无祸。Ifyoudonotclimbahighmountain,youwillnotcomprehendthehighnessoftheheavens;ifyoudonotlookdownintoadeepvalley,youwillnotknowthedepthoftheearth;andifyoudonothearthewordshandeddownfromtheancientkings,youwillnotunderstandthegreatnessoflearning.ChildrenbornamongtheHanorYüehpeopleofthesouthandamongtheMobarbariansofthenorthcrywiththesamevoiceatbirth,butastheygrowoldertheyfollowdifferentcustoms.Educationcausesthemtodiffer.TheOdessays:Oh,yougentlemen,donotbeconstantlyateaseandrest!Quietlyrespectfulinyourposts,lovethosewhoarecorrectanduprightAndthegodswillhearkentoyouAndaidyouwithgreatblessing.1Thereisnogreatergodliness2thantotransformyourselfwiththeWay,nogreaterblessingthantoescapemisfortune. 吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远；顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里；假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假於物也。Ioncetriedspendingthewholedayinthought,butIfounditoflessvaluethanamomentofstudy.3Ioncetriedstandingontiptoeandgazingintothedistance,butIfoundIcouldseemuchfartherbyclimbingtoahighplace.Ifyouclimbtoahighplaceandwavetosomeone,itisnotasthoughyourarmwereanylongerthanusual,andyetpeoplecansee.youfrommuchfartheraway.Ifyoushoutdownthewind,itisnotasthoughyourvoicewereanystrongerthanusual,andyetpeoplecanhearyoumuchmoreclearly.Thosewhomakeuseofcarriagesorhorsesmaynotbeanyfasterwalkersthananyoneelse,andyettheyareabletotravelathousandli.Thosewhomakeuseofboatsmaynotknowhowtoswim,andyettheymanagetogetacrossrivers.Thegentlemanisbybirthnodifferentfromanyotherman;itisjustthatheisgoodatmakinguseofthings.   南方有鸟焉，名曰蒙鸠，以羽为巢，而编之以发，系之苇苕，风至苕折，卵破子死。巢非不完也，所系者然也。西方有木焉，名曰射干，茎长四寸，生於高山之上，而临百仞之渊，木茎非能长也，所立者然也。蓬生麻中，不扶而直；白沙在涅，与之俱黑。兰槐之根是为芷，其渐之滫，君子不近，庶人不服。其质非不美也，所渐者然也。故君子居必择乡，游必就士，所以防邪辟而近中正也。Inthesouththereisabirdcalledthemengdove.Itmakesanestoutoffeatherswoventogetherwithhairand suspendsitfromthetipsofthereeds.Butwhenthewindcomes,thereedsbreak,theeggsaresmashed,andthebabybirdskilled.Itisnotthatthenestitselfisfaulty;thefaultisinthethingitisattachedto.Inthewestthereisatreecalledtheyeh-kan.Itstrunkisnomorethanfourinchestallanditgrowsontopofthehighmountains,fromwhenceitlooksdownintovalleysahundredfathomsdeep.Itisnotalongtrunkwhichaffordthetreesuchaview,butsimplytheplacewhereitstands.Ifpigweedgrowsupinthemidstofhemp,itwillstandupstraightwithoutpropping.Ifwhitesandismixedwithmud,ittoowillturnblack.4Therootofacertainorchidisthesourceoftheperfumecalledchih;butiftherootweretobesoakedinurine,thennogentlemanwouldgonearitandnocommonerwouldconsenttowearit.Itisnotthattherootitselfisofanunpleasantquality;itisthefaultofthethingithasbeensoakedin.Thereforeagentlemanwilltakecareinselectingthecommunityheintendstolivein,andwillchoosemenofbreedingforhiscompanions.Inthiswayhewardsoffevilandmeanness,anddrawsclosetofairnessandright.物类之起，必有所始。荣辱之来，必象其德。肉腐出虫，鱼枯生蠹。怠慢忘身，祸灾乃作。强自取柱，柔自取束。邪秽在身，怨之所构。施薪若一，火就燥也，平地若一，水就湿也。草木畴生，禽兽群居，物各从其类也。是故质的张而弓矢至焉；林木茂而斧斤至焉；树成荫，而众鸟息焉。醯酸而蟥聚焉。故言有招祸也，行有招辱也，君子慎其所立乎！Everyphenomenonthatappearsmusthaveacause.Thegloryorshamethatcometoamanarenomorethantheimageofhisvirtue.Meatwhenitrotsbreedsworms;fishthatisoldanddrybringsforthmaggots.Whenamaniscarelessandlazyandforgetshimself,thatiswhendisasteroccurs.Thestrongnaturallybearupunderweight;theweaknaturallyendupbound.5Evilandcorruptioninoneselfinvitetheangerofothers.Ifyoulaysticksofidenticalshapeonafire,theflameswillseekoutthedriestones;ifyoulevelthegroundtoanequalsmoothness,waterwillstillseekoutthedampestspot.Treesofthesamespeciesgrowtogether;birdsandbeastsgatherinherds;forallthingsfollowaftertheirownkind.Whereatargetishungup,arrowswillfindtheirwaytoit;wheretheforesttreesgrowthickest,theaxeswillenter.Whenatreeistallandshady,birdswillflocktoroostinit;whenvinegarturnssour,gnatswillcollectaroundit.Sotherearewordsthatinvitedisasterandactionsthatcalldownshame.Agentlemanmustbecarefulwherehetakeshisstand. 积土成山，风雨兴焉；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉；积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以致千里；不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹八跪而二螯，非蛇鳝之穴，无可寄托者，用心躁也。是故无冥冥之志者，无昭昭之明；无昏昏之事者，无赫赫之功。行衢道者不至，事两君者不容。目不能两视而明，耳不能两听而聪。螣蛇无足而飞，梧鼠五技而穷。诗曰：「尸鸠在桑，其子七兮。淑人君子，其仪一兮。其仪一兮，心如结兮。」故君子结於一也。 Pileupearthtomakeamountainandwindandrainwillriseupfromit.Pileupwatertomakeadeeppoolanddragonswillappear.Pileupgooddeedstocreatevirtueandgodlikeunderstandingwillcomeofitself;therethemindofthesagewillfindcompletion.Butunlessyoupileuplittlesteps,youcanneverjourneyathousandli;unlessyoupileuptinystreams,youcannevermakeariverorasea.Thefinestthoroughbredcannottraveltenpacesinoneleap,butthesorriestnagcangoatendays’journey.Achievementconsistsofnevergivingup.Ifyoustartcarvingandthengiveup,youcannotevencutthroughapieceofrottenwood;butifyoupersistwithoutstopping,youcancarveandinlaymetalorstone.Earthwormshavenosharpclawsorteeth,nostrongmusclesorbones,andyetabovegroundtheyfeastonthemud,andbelowtheydrinkattheyellowsprings.Thisisbecausetheykeeptheirmindsononething.Crabshavesixlegsandtwopincers,butunlesstheycanfindanemptyholedugbyasnakeorawaterserpent,theyhavenoplacetolodge.Thisisbecausetheyallowtheirmindstogooffinalldirections.Thusifthereisnodarkanddoggedwill,therewillbenoshiningaccomplishment;ifthereisnodullanddeterminedeffort,therewillbenobrilliantachievement.Hewhotriestotraveltworoadsatoncewillarrivenowhere;hewhoservestwomasterswillpleaseneither.Thewinglessdragonhasnolimbsandyetitcansoar;theflyingsquirrelhasmanytalentsbutfindsitselfhardpressed.Theodessays:Ringdoveinthemulberry,Itschildrenareseven.Thegoodman,thegentleman,Hisformsareone.Hisformsareone,Hisheartisasthoughbound.6Thusdoesthegentlemanbindhimselftooneness.昔者瓠巴鼓瑟而流鱼出听；伯牙鼓琴而六马仰秣。故声无小而不闻，行无隐而不形。玉在山而草木润，渊生珠而崖不枯。为善不积邪，安有不闻者乎！Inancienttimes,whenHuPaplayedthezither,thefishinthestreamscameforthtolisten;whenPoYaplayedthelute,thesixhorsesoftheemperor’scarriagelookedupfromtheirfeedtrough.Nosoundistoofainttobeheard,noactiontoowellconcealedtobeknown.Whentherearepreciousstonesunderthemountain,thegrassandtreeshaveaspecialsheen;wherepearlsgrowinapool,thebanksareneverparched.Dogoodandseeifitdoesnotpileup.Ifitdoes,howcanitfailtobeheardof?