韩愈-《师说》(中英对照版)

译经丨韩愈《师说》英文版(ShiShuoinEnglish)2015-08-19中国日报网双语新闻古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。Inancienttimesthosewhowantedtolearnwouldseekoutateacher,onewhocouldpropagatethedoctrine,impartprofessionalknowledge,andresolvedoubts.人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？Sincenooneisbornomniscient,whocanclaimtohavenodoubts?惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。Ifonehasdoubtsandisnotwillingtolearnfromateacher,hisdoubtswillneverberesolved.生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；Anyonewhowasbornbeforemeandlearnedthedoctrinebeforemeismyteacher.生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。Anyonewhowasbornaftermeandlearnedthedoctrinebeforemeisalsomyteacher.吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？SincewhatIdesiretolearnisthedoctrine,whyshouldIcarewhetherhewasbornbeforeorafterme?是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。Therefore,itdoesnotmatterwhetherapersonishighorlowinposition,youngoroldinage.Wherethereisthedoctrine,thereismyteacher. 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑也难矣。Alas!Thetraditionoflearningfromtheteacherhaslongbeenneglected.Thusitisdifficulttofindapersonwithoutanydoubtsatall.古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；Ancientsages,whofarsurpassedus,evenlearnedfromtheirteachers.今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。Peopletoday,whoarefarinferiortothem,regardlearningfromtheteacherasadisgrace.是故圣益圣，愚益愚。Thus,wisemenbecomemorewiseandunlearnedmenbecomemorefoolish.圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？Thisexplainswhatmakesawisemanandwhatmakesafoolishman．爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。Itisabsurdthatapersonwouldchooseateacherforhissonoutofhisloveforhim,andyetrefusetolearnfromtheteacherhimself,thinkingitadisgracetodoso.彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道、解其惑者也。Theteacherofhissonteachesthechildonlyreadingandpunctuation,whichisnotpropagatingthedoctrineorresolvingdoubtsastheaforementioned.句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。 Idon'tthinkitwisetolearnfromtheteacherwhenonedoesn'tknowhowtopunctuate,butnotwhenonehasdoubtsunresolved,forthatIfindtobethefollyoflearninginsmallmatters,butneglectingthebigones.巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。Evenmedicinemen,musiciansandhandicraftsmendonotthinkitdisgracefultolearnfromeachother.士大夫之族，曰“师”曰“弟子”云者，则群聚而笑之。Whenoneoftheliteratiandofficialdomcallsanothermanhis"teacher"andhimselfhis"student"peoplewillgettogetherandinvariablylaughathim.问之，则曰：彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。Ifyouaskthemwhytheyarelaughing,theywillsaythatsinceheisalmostofthesameageandaseruditeasanotherman,itwouldbedegradingforhimtocalltheotherman"teacher"iftheotherman'ssocialrankislowerthanhis;anditwouldbeflatteringiftheotherman"ssocialrankishigher.呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。Alas!Itisclearthatthetraditionoflearningfromtheteachercannolongerberestored.巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！Medicinemen,musiciansandhandicraftsmenaredespisedbythegentlemen.Howstrangeitisthatgentlemenarelesswisethanthesepeople!圣人无常师。Theancientsagesdidnotlimitthemselvestoparticularteachers. 孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。ConfuciushadlearnedfrompeoplelikeTanzi,Changhong,Shixiang,andLaodan,whowerenotasvirtuousandtalentedasConfucius.孔子曰“三人行，则必有我师。”Confuciussaid"Ifthreemenarewalkingtogether,oneofthemisboundtobegoodenoughtobemyteacher."是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。Astudentisnotnecessarilyinferiortohisteacher,nordoesateachernecessarilybemorevirtuousandtalentedthanhisstudent.闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。Therealfactisthatonemighthavelearnedthedoctrineearlierthantheother,ormightbeamasterinhisownspecialfield.李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。Pan,thesonofLi'sfamily,whoisonlyseventeenyearsold,lovestostudyChineseclassicsoftheQinandHandynasties,andmastersthesixjingandtheirannotations.Hedoesnotfollowconventionsandiswillingtolearnfromme.余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。Iappreciatehisabilitytoactinaccordancewiththeoldtraditionoflearning.ThereforeIdedicatethispiecetohim.来源：译国译民 编辑：Helen祝兴媛