最新沁园春长沙(元)幻灯片
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最新沁园春长沙(元)幻灯片

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时间:2022-06-20

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资料简介
沁园春长沙(元) 自古以来,古人多悲秋怨秋之作:枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。——马致远《天净沙·秋思》碧云天,黄花地,西风紧,北雁南飞。晓来染霜林醉?总是离人泪。——王实甫《西厢记》渐霜风凄紧,关河冷落,残照当楼。——柳永《八声甘州》 写作背景1925年,当时革命蓬勃发展,国共统一战线已经确立,国共合作创造了蓬勃发展的大好革命形势。但革命该由哪个阶级来领导,成为党内外斗争的焦点。这年深秋,毛泽东去广州主持农民运动讲习所,经过长沙,重游了他在长沙读书时常去的橘子洲,回忆当年求学和革命斗争生活,面对日益高涨的革命形势,心潮激荡,豪情满怀,吟成此篇。 词————每一首词都有词牌。最初的词都是配乐歌唱的,写词时依据的乐谱叫做“词调”,各种词调的名称便是“词牌”,如“沁园春”、“满江红”、“西江月”等。题目与所写的内容有关,而词牌则基本上与词的内容无关,仅仅规定格式。但不同的词牌,它的段数、句数、每句的字数、平仄、押韵,都有不同的。有的作家在词牌下另标题目,如《沁园春.长沙》,长沙是题目。词可以分上下两段,叫做“片”或者“阕”。 独立/寒秋,湘江/北去,橘子/洲头。看/万山/红遍,层林/尽染;漫江/碧透,百舸/争流。鹰击/长空,鱼翔/浅底,万类/霜天/竞自由。怅/寥廓,问/苍茫/大地,谁/主/沉浮?携来/百侣/曾游。忆/往昔/峥嵘/岁月稠。恰/同学/少年,风华/正茂;书生/意气,挥斥/方遒。指点/江山,激扬/文字,粪土/当年/万户侯。曾/记否,到/中流/击水,浪遏/飞舟?沁园春·长沙1925年毛泽东 探究一、思考上片主要写什么内容?和下片有何关系?1、上片:写景,描绘湘江绚丽多彩的秋景图2、为下片抒情做铺垫 独立寒秋 湘江北去 橘子洲头 看万山红遍 层林尽染 漫江碧透 百舸争流 鹰击长空 鱼翔浅底 万类霜天竞自由 怅寥廓,问苍茫大地,谁主沉浮? “看”领字看:统领到哪一句?万类霜天竞自由这样的字俗称“领字”,一般上下阙都有一个,读诗词要注意找出这种领字。“看”是领字,读时要稍加停顿。 静景近观仰视俯视万山红遍,层林尽染;漫江碧透,百舸争流。鹰击长空,鱼翔浅底,万类霜天竞自由。探究二:这七句的视角变化和写景的描写顺序及手法是怎样的?远眺动景远近高低结合动静结合 这几句中哪些词表现力特别强?看万山红遍层林尽染漫江碧透百舸争流鹰击长空鱼翔浅底万类霜天竞自由提示:分析写景的语言,也就是分析精妙的词的用法。对于景物描写中的静景我们往往要注意形容词和副词;对于动景我们往往要注意动词。炼字 探究三:在这几句写景的句子中,你觉得哪个词用得好?为什么?层林尽染写出了色彩浓烈百舸争流写出了千帆竞发的热烈场面鹰击长空写出了雄鹰展翅奋发、搏击长空的强劲有力之势鱼翔浅底描绘出鱼儿在水中轻快自由像鸟一样盘旋的神态竞自由有力突出了万物蓬勃旺盛的生命力 毛泽东笔下的秋景,给人的总体感觉是什么?用四字短语概括景物的特征。壮阔绚丽,充满生机 这些表达了作者怎样的感情?表达了作者对祖国山河的热爱,对景物的赞美和欣赏,表现了诗人乐观昂扬向上的情绪。 分析意象意境理解诗歌中的意象、意境 关于“意象”意创作者的思想感情象作品中的客观物象诗人的思想感情与客观物象融合形成意象意境诗人通过种种意象的创造和组合所构成的一种充满诗意的艺术境界 意象万山层林漫江百舸雄鹰游鱼意境生机勃勃壮阔绚丽感情乐观热烈、奋发向上暗喻和赞美了当时工农运动蓬勃兴起的革命形势一切景语皆情语景中寓情探究四:本诗上阕用了哪些意象?营造了怎样的意境?表达了作者什么样的感情? 诗人“独立寒秋”,他不是想着自己被军阀追捕的处境,而是放眼宇宙,胸怀祖国,关注着国家的前途,忧思着民族的命运,这是一种什么心境?这是忧国忧民的心境,是以天下为已任的心境,是一个革命伟人广阔崇高的心境。 这些早期的革命青年具有怎样的精神风貌?青春年少热情奔放才华出众关心国家无畏无惧敢于斗争 同学少年,风华正茂;书生意气,挥斥方遒。指点江山,激扬文字,粪土当年万户侯。恰以天下为己任的强烈的国家责任感。蔑视功名利禄的豪迈气慨。蔑视反动者 曾记否,到中流击水,浪遏飞舟?“中流”,江水中间。“击水”,作者曾自注:“游泳:那时初学,盛夏水涨,几死者数,一群人终于坚持,直到隆冬,犹在江中。当时有一篇诗,都忘记了,只记得两句:自信人生二百年,会当水击三千里。”遏,遏止,可以有两种理解:一种认为是游泳激起的波浪,几乎把飞快行驶的船只都阻挡住了;一种认为“浪遏飞舟”是“到中流击水”的条件。如果按照后一种理解,这三句大意是:“还记得吗?当年我们一同到江心游泳,尽管风浪巨大,连行船也很困难,但我们这些人以同汹涌的急流拼搏为快乐。” 下片回忆往昔峥嵘岁月,表现了诗人和战友们为了改造旧中国英勇无畏的革命精神和壮志豪情,形象含蓄地给出“谁主沉浮”的答案:主宰国家命运的,是以天下为己任,蔑视反动统治者,改造旧世界的革命青年。 总结:本词主要抒发什么情感,表达什么志向?忧国忧民的情怀主宰国家命运.改造旧世界的志向。 完形填空题型分析应试策略实例详解 题型分析大纲介绍本题考查的短文,一般难度适中,长约250-300单词,内设15个试题,要求考生在全面理解短文的基础上选出最佳选项,使短文意思完整,语法无误。能力要求完形填空试题兼有语言和知识技能两种试题的特点,要求考生的理解水平从句子提高到语篇,掌握相当的词汇、牢固的语法知识、良好的阅读能力、一定的语篇分析能力。具体分析如下: 篇章理解能力和语篇分析能力。完形填空是语篇层次上的完句填空,短文在结构和意义上都是一个整体,它对考生的整体语感和语篇分析能力也有较高的要求。因此,考生在做题时必须结合上下文考虑,不该只看所填的词语在句子中是否合适。词汇知识。主要包括构词法、同义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词等的辨析。句型和固定搭配。主要包括动词、名词、形容词的惯用句型,动词、名词、形容词和副词之间的搭配,介词词组以及一些习惯搭配。语法和句法。完形填空考察多为词汇题,但对句子和文章的理解少不了一定的语法知识和分析能力,在选用结构词(介词、连词)时,需要考虑在语法上是否适当。 考点解密词义辨析。词义辨析主要集中在名词、动词、形容词和副词,试题通常以同义词、反义词或形近词的形式出现,要求考生在做题时根据语境确定答案,首先排除意义相反或相差较大的选项,然后确定未知词在句法和语法上的要求,最后选择使句子结构完整、语法正确、符合语义逻辑的最佳答案。固定搭配。固定搭配主要包括介词词组、动词词组、名词词组和一些词语的特殊搭配,是英语学习的重点和难点,备考无技巧可言,关键在于考生对它们的熟悉程度。准确的记忆对提高正确率、节省时间大有裨益。逻辑衔接。在完形填空中,不少题目是利用上下文在逻辑上的排斥性和关联性来设计的,考生应在理解全文的基础上,结合上下文的语义和逻辑关系选择答案。 语法结构。应关注主谓一致、定语从句、名词和代词的数和格、非谓语动词、并列结构、虚拟语气和倒装结构。 应试策略三步走通读全文,了解话题大意,把握总体结构,粗选答案。逐句细读,仔细推敲,确定答案。先易后难,初定答案。填空时,要按照先句法,后语法、语义、逻辑关系及固定搭配的顺序,从各个角度考虑,可以先跳过无法确定的选题,先易后难,循序渐进。B.前后参照,寻找线索。对于较难的题目,要反复阅读空白前后的句子,联系上下文,寻找语境线索和提示。句中信息空白的填补,可以由该句内的信息提示来确定,但有时也需要参照相邻或相隔较远的句子中的信息提示,甚至需要结合全文内容,仔细琢磨,选出合乎逻辑的答案。 3.回读全文,难点补缺。复读全文,再次通过前两遍阅读所营造的语感来核实选项答案,检查文章前后是否连贯、语义是否流畅、内容是否矛盾、结构是否严谨,同时补上难点空缺。 试题详解2010年试题Zooshavebecomeanimportantsiteforthepreservationandprotectionofwildliferesources,_61_thosespeciesthatareendangered._62_,manyzoosdisplayedliveanimalsforpublicentertainment.Presentlysomezooshavebecomescientificandeducational_63_thathavecontributedtotheunderstandingandconservationofwildanimalspopulations._64_thechallengesfacingmodernzoosarethecostofupgradingoldfacilities,thestruggletoobtain_65_operatingfunds,andtheneedtoattractmorevisitorstonewandentertainingexhibits. Many_66_zoosinAmericancitieshaveundergonerenovation(翻新)duringthelastdecadesofthe2othcentury.Amongtherecenttrendsinzoo_67_istheconstructionofnewenclosuresthatresemblenaturalhabitats(栖息地).Thereplacementoftraditionalsteelbarsandconcretefloors_68_appropriatelydesignedsurroundingsimprovesvisitorappreciationoftheanimals.Suchrenovationsmay_69_stressonanimalsandallowthemtointeractwithoneanothermorenaturally.Severalmajorzoosconductcaptivepropagationprograms.Acaptivepropagationprogramincludesthebreedingof_70_zooorwildanimalstoobtainoffspring,usuallyforreleaseto_71_orfortransfertootherzoos.Captivebreedingisonemethodof_72_somespeciesfromextinction. Zooshaveexpandedandimprovedpubliceducationprogramsalso,witheducationdepartmentsthatdevelopprograms_73_zooexhibits.Publicactivitiesincludein0schoolprograms,zootours,specialevents,andwebsites.ThezoologicalSocietyofNewYork,forexample,conductedamajorprojectwithaWesternAfricangovernmenttomonitoranelephantherd_74_itmovedthroughoutitsrange.Theimportanceofzooswillincreaseasnaturalhabitatsarediminishing.Throughtheirefforts_75_conservation,education,andenvironmentaladvocacy.Zooswillcontinuetoplayacriticalroleinwildlifepreservationthroughouttheworld. 实例详解2010年试题快速阅读文章各个段落主题句,迅速把握话题,确定话题熟不熟悉。文章首句(主题句)大致呈现了文章内容:动物园的功能意义。Zooshavebecomeanimportantsiteforthepreservationandprotectionofwildliferesources.继续阅读前,考虑一下我们所知的动物园的功能有哪些。全文结构:段落首句帮助我们迅速获得该话题的大概信息。Many__zoosinAmericancitieshaveundergonerenovation(翻新).Severalmajorzoosconductcaptivepropagationprograms.Zooshaveexpandedandimprovedpubliceducationprogramsalso,witheducationdepartmentsthatdevelopprograms__zooexhibits.Theimportanceofzooswillincreaseasnaturalhabitatsarediminishing. 通读全文,顺手牵羊,粗选答案。Zooshavebecomeanimportantsiteforthepreservationandprotectionofwildliferesources,_61_thosespeciesthatareendangered._62_,manyzoosdisplayedliveanimalsforpublicentertainment.Presentlysomezooshavebecomescientificandeducational_63_thathavecontributedtotheunderstandingandconservationofwildanimalspopulations._64_thechallengesfacingmodernzoosarethecostofupgradingoldfacilities,thestruggletoobtain_65_operatingfunds,andtheneedtoattractmorevisitorstonewandentertainingexhibits.61.a.superficiallyb.especiallyc.importantlyd.supposedly62.a.Bythattimeb.Bythetimec.Atonetimed.Atthattime63.a.institutionsb.associationsc.foundationsd.corporations64.a.Alongb.Towardc.Amongd.Through65.a.limitedb.professionalc.sufficientd.excessive Many_66_zoosinAmericancitieshaveundergonerenovation(翻新)duringthelastdecadesofthe2othcentury.Amongtherecenttrendsinzoo_67_istheconstructionofnewenclosuresthatresemblenaturalhabitats(栖息地).Thereplacementoftraditionalsteelbarsandconcretefloors_68_appropriatelydesignedsurroundingsimprovesvisitorappreciationoftheanimals.Suchrenovationsmay_69_stressonanimalsandallowthemtointeractwithoneanothermorenaturally.66.a.newerb.olderc.formerd.later67.a.managementb.improvementc.achievementd.assessment68.a.underb.forc.intod.with69.a.reduceb.causec.increased.avoid Severalmajorzoosconductcaptivepropagationprograms.Acaptivepropagationprogramincludesthebreedingof_70_zooorwildanimalstoobtainoffspring,usuallyforreleaseto_71_orfortransfertootherzoos.Captivebreedingisonemethodof_72_somespeciesfromextinction.70.a.selectedb.sustainedc.promisingd.surviving71.naturalb.thenaturalc.wildd.thewild72.restrainingb.savingc.shelteringd.exempting Zooshaveexpandedandimprovedpubliceducationprogramsalso,witheducationdepartmentsthatdevelopprograms_73_zooexhibits.Publicactivitiesincludein-schoolprograms,zootours,specialevents,andwebsites.ThezoologicalSocietyofNewYork,forexample,conductedamajorprojectwithaWesternAfricangovernmenttomonitoranelephantherd_74_itmovedthroughoutitsrange.73.a.attributedtob.opposedtoc.referredtod.relatedto74.a.asb.asifc.sod.sothat Theimportanceofzooswillincreaseasnaturalhabitatsarediminishing.Throughtheirefforts_75_conservation,education,andenvironmentaladvocacy,zooswillcontinuetoplayacriticalroleinwildlifepreservationthroughouttheworld.75.a.insearchofb.inhonorofc.insupportofd.inchargeof 实例分析2(10年试题特点上下文中找答案)Areyousinglebuttoobusytosearchforlove?Thenyouneedtotrythelatestdatingphenomenonthatissweeping61theUK---speeddating.Speeddating62menandwomanmeetinginaroomandfindingoutasmuchastheycanaboutpossible63inthreeminutes.It’sprovingevery64withBritain’syoungpeoplewhofindthattheyhaven’tgotthetimetomeetthatspecialone.61.A.offB.acrossC.overD.through62.A.requiresB.inquiresC.revolvesD.involves63.A.partnersB.spousesC.friendsD.counterparts64.A.practicalB.popularC.favorableD.normal Ataspeeddatingeventyouaregiventhreeminutestotalk,65,withamemberoftheoppositesex.Thenabellis66andyoumovetoanotherpersonandstartchattingagain.Bytheendoftheeveningyouwillhavespokenwithuptotwentymenorwomen!65.A.allinoneB.oneafteroneC.oneononeD.oneandall66.A.knockedB.shakenC.swungD.rung If,bytheendofaconversation,you67thepersonorwouldliketoseehimorheragain,youwriteit68onacard.Then,iftheotherpersonalsofanciesyou,theorganizerswillcontactyouwiththeirdetails.Butisthreeminuteslongenoughtomakeanimpressionand69ifyouwanttoseesomeoneagain?Researchsuggeststhat70canbefeltwithinthefirstthirtysecondsofmeetingsomeone,andthatis71speeddatingisallabout,knowingquicklyifyouaregoingtolikesomeone.67.A.attractB.enjoyC.chaseD.fancy68.A.downB.offC.upD.back69.A.workonB.workoutC.workatD.workup70.A.emotionB.sentimentC.chemistryD.attachment71.A.howB.whatC.allD.where Andwhataboutromance?Isitpossibletomakeagood72insuchashorttime?73,peoplesayyoucan’thurrylove.However,Britainwillsoonhaveitsfirstmarriagefromaspeeddate.So,ifyouareona74tofindMr.orMissRight,whathaveyougottolose?75,youstillgohomeonyourown.Butatbest,thepersonofyourdreamscouldbejustthreeminutesaway.72.A.conclusionB.refectionC.guessD.judgment73.A.InallB.AfterallC.OfallD.Andall74.A.tourB.routeC.directionD.mission75.A.AtlastB.AtfirstC.AtworstD.Atend 实例3(09年)Nuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof___61___andeffortarerequiredto___62___theselocations.Oncethesitesarefound,manandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.However,alargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand___63__places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof___64___theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergy,suchdifficultiesareatpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhere,andmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe___65___ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergy,nuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy. 61.A.incentiveB.capitalC.interestD.currency62.A.pointB.recognizeC.identifyD.label63.A.isolatedB.singleC.soleD.solitary64.A.detectingB.selectingC.harnessingD.concentrating65.A.potentialsB.powersC.strengthsD.forces Withnuclearenergy,theamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.___66___theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission(裂变)ofatoms,pollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricity,andthesehave___67___ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel,___68___,producelargeamountsofpollution.66.A.IfB.WhileC.ThoughD.Since67.A.littleB.muchC.moreD.less68.A.asaresultB.ingeneralC.ontheotherhandD.ineffect Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe___69___ofthefissionofatoms:thus,___70___amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoil,coalandnaturalgasarerunning___71___atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat___72___ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception___73___thisgloomypredictionthroughsplittingandfusingatoms,largeamountsofenergycanbeproduced,and___74___thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The___75___ofnuclearenergyasaboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreat,andwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger. 69.A.processB.ruleC.principleD.function70.A.incompleteB.definiteC.infiniteD.defined71.A.outB.upC.awayD.down72.A.attheendB.bytheendC.intheendD.totheend73.A.inB.forC.ofD.to74.A.substantiallyB.additionallyC.effectivelyD.theoretically75.A.useB.potentialC.popularityD.transformation

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