备考2022中考英语中考专题:动名词
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备考2022中考英语中考专题:动名词

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时间:2022-06-21

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中考专题:动名词一 定义   动名词,就是动词后加ing 的形式,即doingsth.它的作用相当于一个名词,所以叫做“动名词”。动名词的否定形式在动名词前加not。 二.动名词ing形式的变化规则。1.一般在词尾直接加ing。2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing。3.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音的动词,要双写最后一个字母后加ing。4.少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ing。 三 作用一)作主语1.动名词用作主语,谓语动词用单数。.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smokingcancausecancer. 吸烟会致癌。Growingrosesisherhobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。2.有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面。It’sniceseeingyouagain. 再次见到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight. 从早到晚开车很累人。10 It’sawondermeetingyouhere. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook. 看那本书是浪费时间。3.动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。注意比较下面两个句子的区别与联系: Idon’tmindsmokinghere. Idon’tmindhissmokinghere.注意:在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首做主语时不能这样来代替。【例题】翻译句子(需包含动名词相关形式): ① 介意我用下你的电脑吗?                                                               ? ② 爸爸坚决要求他的儿子上大学。                                                           . ③ 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。                                                           .④ 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。                                                              .4.动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别:动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式多用来表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。  比较以下句子:10  Savingmoneyisagoodhabit.Tosavemoneyisnoteasyforme.二)作宾语1.下列动词之后只能跟动名词作宾语。 想要feellike         完成finish           练习 practice喜欢enjoy            保持 keep           考虑 consider介意mind            承认admit           否认deny建议suggest         避免avoid           想象imagine值得 beworth       禁不住 can’thelp      忙 bebusy后悔regret           坚持 insiston         放弃 giveup2. 介词before/after/while/without等后要跟doing形式.  Heleftwithoutsayingaword.3. 以下以介词结尾的短语后面 begoodat/dowellin擅长于           beafraidof 担心                 befondof/bekeenon喜欢             betiredof 厌倦                   lookforwardto盼望;                  payattentionto注意; beusedto习惯于;                     beusedfor被用于;preferdoingtodoing喜欢...而不喜欢...beinterestedin(haveinterestin)对...感兴趣thanksfor 感谢  howabout/whataboutdoing 做什么事情怎么样 10 三)作定语动名词作定语表示其修饰的名词的性质,或用途或功能. 两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。但可以改为一个for加动名词的短语。swimmingpool=apoolforswimming  游泳池  drinkingwater  饮用水waitingroom  候车室                     sleepingbag  睡袋                      sleepingpill  安眠药                     writingdesk  写字桌     writingpaper  信纸                      operatingtable  手术台                 readingroom  阅览室                      playingground  运动场washingmachine  洗衣机                 washingpowder 洗衣粉      四)作表语Herhobbyispainting. 她的爱好是绘画。Herjobwastendingthesheep. 她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime. 首要的事是及时到达那里。 四 动名词的习惯用法:1. Itisnouse/good/need+doing,做...没用/不好/没必要 Itisnouse/good/needmakinganexcuseforthis.为此找借口是没用的/不好的/没必要的。2.havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing,做...有困难havefun(in)doing  做…很好玩 Wehavegreatdifficultyinsolvingtheproblem.我们在解决这一问题时碰到了大难题。3以time为中心的词组后接动名词10   ①haveagood/hardtime(in)+doing  过得很艰难/玩得很开心  ②spend/wastetimedoing       花时间/浪费时间做某事 Wehadagoodtimeplayinggamestogether. OnSundayIalwaysspendalotoftimehelpingmymothertodohousework.4. go+doing: 动词go常与一些表示运动或休闲的动名词连用表示进行某项活动。  Goboating/sightseeing/shopping/swimming/skating/climbing 去划船/观光/购物/游泳/溜冰/爬山5. 动词do常与一些表示室内活动的动名词连用表示进行某项活动 Do(some)cooking/cleaning/reading/sewing//shopping/washing做饭/打扫/读书/做针线活/购物/洗衣服6. 在allow,advise,permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时用动名词,如果后面已有名词或代词作宾语,后面就只能再跟动词做宾语补足语。allow/advise/permitdoingallow/advise/permitsbtodosth Wedon’tallowsmoking/studentstosmokehere.7. need/want/require 后接doing“表示某事需要被做”,也可以用不定式的被动结构tobedoneTheflowersneedwatering. Theflowersneedtobewatered.8. 表示“一感(feel)二听(hear,listento) 四看(see,watch,lookat,notice)”的词。后加省去to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示经常发生的动作或动作的全过程。后加doing形式做宾语补主语,表示动作正在发生。9.keep/prevent/stop sb/sthfromdoing  阻止某人/某物 做…10  其中prevent和stop之后的from可以省去,而keep后的不可省。TheGreenGreatWallkeepsthewindfromblowingawaythesoilandsand.10.用于“Therebe”结构中。 Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.11. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。 禁止吸烟  NoSmoking! 禁止停车  NoParking! 五 以下动词既可以加不定式,也可以加动名词,但表达的意义不一样。1. forgettodo  忘记去做某事(没有做)        forgetdoing  忘记做了某事(做了) 2.remember todo  记得要做(没有做)     remember doing  记得做过(做了)          3.stoptodo  停下来去做另外一件事stopdoing  停止正在做的事 4.trytodo  尽力做某事 trydoing 尝试做某事 5.meantodo  打算做某事10 meandoing  意味着做某事 6.like/love todo  喜欢做某事 (一时的选择)like/love doing  爱好做某事  (一向的习惯) 7.goon/continuetodo  继续去做另一件事goon/continuedoing  继续去做同一件事 动名词练习题一.单项选择。1.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.  A.tohave     B.having      C.have     D.had2.Hisfatheragreed____$4,000forthecar. A.withpaying  B.topaying    C.topay    D.onpaying3.Todayweusemachines_____usdomostofourwork. A.tohelp      B.help        C.helping    D.helped4.Shepreferredme_____there. A.tostay      B.wouldstay   C.Istay      D.stay5.We’regoingtohelp_____thetrees. A.watered     B.watering   C.towatering   D.water6.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom_____theearthaway.10 A.blow        B.toblow     C.blowing      D.blew7._____isbadforourhealth.A.Doingeyeexercises           B.GotobedearlyC.Eatingtoomuch              D.Takingawalk8.WuDongisgoodat_____English.A.speak       B.speaks      C.speaking     D.Spoke9.Mostofthechildrenenjoy_____computergames.A.play        B.playing      C.played       D.toplay10.Whatafineday!Howabout_____outforawalk?A.go          B.togo        C.gone        D.Going11.Marywent_____aftershefinished_____herwork.A.swim;doing                 B.toswim;todoC.toswim;doing               D.swimming;todo12.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow,please?It’scoldoutside.A.toclose     B.closing     C.closed        D.close13.Afridgeisusedfor_____vegetableandfoodcool.A.kept        B.keeping    C.tokeep       D.keeps14.Thefarmersonthefarmarebusy_____applesonthetrees.A.picking     B.topick     C.pick          D.picked15.Whenclassbegan,westopped_____totheteachercarefully.A.listening    B.listen       C.listens         D.tolisten16.Iusuallyforget_____thedoor,butIremembered_____itwhenIleftyesterday. A.closing;closing               B.toclose;toclose 10 C.closing;toclose               D.toclose;closing17.—Whereismypassport?Iremember________ ithere.  —Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.    A.toput;totake            B.putting;taking  C.putting;totake           D.toput;taking18.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohisparents.   A.write    B.writing     C.wrote      D.towrite19.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish________mycar. A.repairing   B.repair       C.torepair     D.repaired20.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind___________forus.  A.towait     B.wait         C.waiting       D.waited21.Mybrotherkeeps_________mewithmywork.  A.tohelp    B.help         C.helping       D.helped22.Weshouldoftenpractise_________Englishwitheachother.  A.tospeak    B.spoke        C.speak        D.speaking23.Keepon_________andyouwillsucceed.  A.atry       B.try           C.triing         D.trying24.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___________.  A.couldn'thelplaugh            B.can'tbutlaugh  C.couldn'thelplaughing        D.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh25.Whatabout_________totheconcertwithus?  A.wego      B.wegoing     C.going        D.togo10 26.Don'tforget_____thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.  A.toreturn                           B.returning  C.return                             D.toreturning27.Iregretted_____thattoher.  A.havingsaid                         B.tohavesaid  C.tosay                            D./1-5BCAAD6-10CCCBD11-15CBBAA16-20DCDAC21-25CDDCC26-27AA10

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