外研版高中英语必修五Module 5知识点

Module5重点短语：1.retirefrom从…退休，从…退役2.performone’spromise履行承诺3.performanoperationonsb.给某人做手术4.haveanadvantageover比…有优势5.haveanadvantagein在…方面占优势6.takeadvantageof利用7.tosb’sadvantage对某人有利8.havetheadvantageof有…的优势9.givesb.aguarantee给某人保证/承诺10.underguarantee在保修期内11.ontheincrease正在增加12.togetherwith加之，连用;和，与13.increaseby增加了(表示增加的比率)14.increase(from…)to(从…)增长到…(表示增加后的结果)15.bychance偶然的，意外的，碰巧16.takeachance/chances碰运气/冒险17.protestagainst/about/at反对…，抗议…18.declaresth.(tobe)sth.宣布某物是…，断言…为…19.declarewaron/againstsb.对…宣战 20.declareagainst表示反对…21.declarefor表示赞同22.declarethat...声明，郑重地说23.Sowhat?(非正式)那又怎样呢?结果怎样?24.risetoone’sfeet站起身25.pickup把…扶起来;接某人;收听;好转26.That’snotthepoint那不是关键;没有说到点子上27.tothepoint很得要领的;中肯的28.offthepoint离题的29.There’snopointin...干…没有用;干…没有意义重点知识：winwinvt.&vi.其宾语不是竞争对手而是war,game,prize,match,battle,competition等名词。beat和defeat两者的宾语是竞争对手advantage⑴haveanadvantageoversb./sth比某人有优势⑵takeadvantageof利用①机会等;②某人的处境、弱点等⑶toone’sadvantage=totheadvantageofsb.对某人有利chance(the)chancesare(that)…./Thechanceisthat…..很可能….(Itislikely/probable/possiblethat…) Thereisnochancethat….不可能…Thereisachancethat…/of…有可能…seize/graspachance抓住机会takeachance/takechances冒险，碰运气bychance/byaccident碰巧倍数(1).倍数表达法：倍数+as....as...Thisroomisfourtimesasbigasthatone.这个房间是哪个房间的四倍大。Theroadistwiceaslongasthatone.这条路是那条路的2倍长。(2).倍数的其他结构：倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than...倍数+the+名词(size,length,height,width...)+of...Thisroomistwicebiggerthanmine.这个房间是我房间的2倍大。=Thisroomistwicethesizeofmine.状语从句⑴时间状语从句其连词有：when,before,after,assoonas,as,while,hardlyhad…when,scarcelyhad…when,nosoonerhad…than,till/until,since,themoment,bythetime等，⑵条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有：if,unless,(ifnot),onconditionthat,aslongas。 注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or或otherwise，如：Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou’llmissthetrain.(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,…)⑶让步状语从句①引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although,evenif/eventhough,nomatterwho/what/when/where/which/how(whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however)②whoever,whatever,whichever还可引导名词从句。而nomatterwho/what/which只能引导让步状语从句❶Hedidn’twanttobedisturbed,nomatterwhowantedtoseehim.=Hedidn’twanttobedisturbed,whoeverwantedtoseehim.❷I’llgivethebookstowhoeverneedsthemas引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。(though也可以)ⅠTiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhisworkⅡMuchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyitⅢTryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.⑷原因状语从句①引导原因状语从句的连词有because,since,as,nowthat ❶because:语气最强，回答why时用becauseWhyareyoulate?Becausethereisatrafficjam.❷since:“既然…..”表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Sinceyouhavegotenoughmoneywithyounow,youcancomeandbuyitnexttime.❸as:“由于….”语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。Ashehadbeenreadyfortheworst,hewasnotdisappointedattheresult.❹for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句;for不能放在句首。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.⑸比较状语从句①比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。原级as…as…notso/as…as比较级:比较级+than…最高级：最高级+in/of/among…②nomorethan和notmorethan❶Hiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.❷Theyfinishedtheprojectinnotmorethanoneyear③两者中“较….的一个用the+比较级Theyoungerofthetwinsistersismoreconsideration