Unit3TheworldofscienceSectionBUsinglanguage
内容索引基础落实·必备知识全过关重难探究·能力素养全提升语法冲关·语言规则全理清
基础落实·必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词■必记写作词汇1.prep.无法……2.n.例子,实例3.n.物种4.n.学说,理论5.n.药剂;疗法beyondinstancespeciestheorycure
■识记阅读词汇1.fieldresearch2.streamn.3.brilliantadj.4.radiumn.5.naturalselection实地研究,实地调研小河,小溪聪颖的,才华横溢的镭(一种化学元素)自然选择
■串记拓展词汇1.passiveadj.被动的→adv.消极地;被动地2.significantadj.重要的,影响深远的→n.意义;重要性3.injurev.使受伤,弄伤→n.伤口,受伤处→adj.受伤的4.chemistn.化学家→n.化学5.astronomern.天文学家→n.天文学passivelysignificanceinjuryinjuredchemistryastronomy
6.biologistn.生物学家→n.生物学7.accurateadj.精确的→adv.精确地;准确地8.minoradj.小的→n.少数;少数派;少数民族9.originn.起源,起因→adj.原来的;起初的;最早的10.extraordinaryadj.非凡的,出色的→adj.普通的11.mentaladj.精神的;精神健康的→adv.精神上;智力上biologyaccuratelyminorityoriginalordinarymentally
Ⅱ.重点短语1.以……命名2.因……而著名3.由于4.和……一起5.被认为……6.朝……推进7.被公认为……8.无法辨认benamedafterbeknownforduetoalongwithberegardedasmakeanadvancetowardsberecognisedasbeyondrecognition
重难探究·能力素养全提升
重点词汇1.beyondprep.无法……;超出(某个数量、水平或限度);晚于,迟于【教材原句】Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.在接下来的80年里,我们的生活可能会因为3D打印而变得难以辨认。
【归纳拓展】beyondrecognition无法辨认beyonddescription无法形容beyondbelief令人难以置信beyondcompare无与伦比beyondone’scontrol超出某人的控制beyondone’spower超出某人的能力beyondone’sreach在某人够不到的地方【背佳句】ThebeautyoftheWestLakeisentirelybeyondexpression.西湖之美是完全无法形容的。
练出神单句语法填空①Thesceneryalongthelakeisbeautifulbeyond(describe).②Hissuccesswasbeyond(believe)sincehiscompetitorwassoexperienced.③ThetownhaschangedrecognitionsinceIwaslasthere.写精彩完成句子·背诵④Herperformanceatyesterday’sconcertwas(无与伦比).descriptionbeliefbeyondbeyondcompare
2.significantadj.重要的;影响深远的【教材原句】Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大的成功是在医药方面。【归纳拓展】(1)significancen.意义;重要性;重要意义beof(great/no/little)significanceto/for...对……(很/不)重要attach(great)significanceto重视;认为重要(2)significantlyadv.显著地;重大地
【背佳句】Pleaseinformusifthereareanysignificantchangesinyourplans.如果你们的计划有任何重大变动,请通知我们。练出神单句语法填空①Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisgreatsignificance.②Undergreatpressure,shepaused(significant)beforesheanswered.写精彩词汇升级·背诵③Withtimegoingby,peoplethinkeducationisveryimportant.→Withtimegoingby,peopleeducation.ofsignificantlyattachgreatsignificanceto
3.injurev.使受伤,弄伤【教材原句】Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!不仅仅是人类受益——在巴西,人们为一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟制造了一个新的3D打印的龟壳!【归纳拓展】(1)injuredadj.受伤的theinjured伤者be/getinjured受伤(2)injuryn.伤,损害dosb.aninjury=doaninjurytosb.伤害某人;加害于某人
【背佳句】Firstaidisveryessentialinourlife,especiallywhenpeoplesuddenlyfallillorgetinjured.在我们的生活中,急救非常重要,特别是在有人突发疾病或受伤的时候。
练出神单句语法填空①Aftertheaccident,theinjured(take)tothenearesthospitalinnotime.②Anmanwastakentothehospital,wherethedoctorsfoundhesufferedseveretotheheadandarmsandtheywonderedwhohim.(injure)weretakeninjuredinjurieshadinjured
写精彩一句多译·背诵③如果你那样锻炼的话,你会受伤的。→Ifyouexerciselikethat,you’ll.(dosb.aninjury)→Ifyouexerciselikethat,you’ll.(doaninjurytosb.)→Ifyouexerciselikethat,you’ll.(injured)doyourselfaninjurydoaninjurytoyourselfgetinjured
4.curen.药剂;疗法vt.治愈;治疗;改掉(坏习惯)【教材原句】Currently,there’snocureforAlzheimer’s,butscientistsareresearchingwaystoimprovethequalityoflifeforpeoplelivingwiththedisease.目前,阿尔茨海默症还没有治愈的方法,但是科学家们正在研究改善阿尔茨海默症患者生活质量的方法。【归纳拓展】(1)acurefor...……的治疗方法;解决问题的措施(2)curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的(某种疾病);改正某人的(不良行为)
【背佳句】Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocurebecausetheyarelikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.许多坏习惯特别难以纠正,因为它们可能在人们年幼时就已经形成了。
练出神单句语法填空①Thesedoctorsaredeterminedtodevotethemselvestofindinganewcurelungcancersoonerorlater.②Thankstothehelpoftheexpert,hewascuredtheterriblediseasesuccessfully.写精彩完成句子·背诵③在父母和老师的帮助下,我改正了一些缺点,在学习上取得了进步。Withthehelpofmyparentsandteachers,___________________________.forofIcuredsomeshortcomingsandmadeprogressinmystudy
【名师点津】与“curesb.ofsth.”结构相似的短语:①robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人的某物②informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事③remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事④warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事
语法冲关·语言规则全理清
情景导入现在完成时的被动语态HaveyoueverheardofUluru?Actually,itiscalledAyersRockbysomepeople,too.LocatedinthesouthernpartoftheNorthernTerritoryincentralAustralia,Uluruisalargesandstonerockformation.Uluruusedtobeopentothepublic.However,ithasbeenclosedsinceOctober26,2019.In1994,UluruwaslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Besides,Uluruhasbeenconsideredamajorattractionfordecadesandtouristsfromallovertheworldhavebeenattractedbyit.It’ssaidthatthebanwasannouncedin2007forthefirsttimeandmostvisitorsobservedit.
Australia’stouristassociationsaidthattherockhasbeenclimbedbyonly16percentofvisitorssince2017.AlocalmannamedRamethThomasexplainedtotheBBChowimportanttherockistothepeople.“Ihavebeentoldthattheplaceisverysacred(神圣的)sinceIwasalittleboy.Ourstoriesareallontherock,”saidThomas.【语法感悟】1.以上黑体部分中都使用了。2.其构成为现在完成时的被动语态have/hasbeen+过去分词
语法精讲一、概念现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作,它有两层意思:动作已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果;主语与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.我们的教室已经被打扫过。你现在没有必要再打扫了。Theseflowershavebeenwatered.Youcangohome.这些花已经被浇水了。你可以回家了。
二、构成肯定式主语+have/hasbeendone...否定式主语+have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+beendone...?特殊疑问式疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone...?
【即时训练】补全句子①来自国内外的大量游客已被吸引到海南度假。LargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroadtoHainanforholidays.②为了阻止空气污染,政府已经采取了很多措施。Alotofmeasuresbythegovernmentinordertostopairpollution.havebeenattractedhavebeentaken
③大量的各类人才已被引进西安。LargequantitiesofvarioustalentstoXi’an.④下次会议的日期已确定了吗?thedateforthenextmeeting?⑤自1990年以来,这家工厂生产了多少辆汽车?Howmanycarsbythefactorysince1990?havebeenintroducedHasbeendecidedhavebeenproduced
三、用法1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经被修好了。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能一直持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。Howlonghaveyoubeenemployedbythiscompany?你受雇于这家公司多长时间了?3.用于时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已经完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业完成之前,你不应该离开学校。
【名师点津】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:recently/lately(最近),sincethen(从那时起),eversince(自从),bynow(到现在为止),foralongtime(很长一段时间),ever(曾经),inrecentyears(在最近几年里),yet(已经),in/during/overthepast/lastyears(在过去的几年里),already(已经),sofar(迄今为止)等。
【即时训练】单句语法填空①People’slives(change)recently.②Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_____________________(complete)bynow.③Theycan’tgotoschooltomorrowbecausetheschoolhouses(damage)inafire.④Alotofnewhouses(build)inthatvillagesincethebeginningofthiscentury.havebeenchangedhasbeencompletedhavebeendamagedhavebeenbuilt
四、注意事项1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunishedbyhisboss.他的老板已经惩罚了他。
2.带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecentlybythecompany.→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecentlybythecompany.最近公司给了他一次出国工作的机会。
【即时训练】把下列句子改成被动句①Peoplehavecutdownmanybigtreesalongthestreamtobuildhouses.→②Theyhavespentlargequantitiesoffundsinbringingupthethreechildren.→③Ihaven’tfoundmyschoolbag.→④Hehassoldoutallhisbikesintheshop.→Manybigtreesalongthestreamhavebeencutdownbypeopletobuildhouses.Largequantitiesoffundshavebeenspentbytheminbringingupthethreechildren.Myschoolbaghasn’tbeenfoundbyme.Allhisbikesintheshophavebeensoldoutbyhim.
本课结束
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