Unit2MakingadifferenceSectionBUsinglanguage
内容索引基础落实·必备知识全过关重难探究·能力素养全提升语法冲关·语言规则全理清
基础落实·必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词■必记写作词汇1.n.职责;使命2.n.疾病,病■识记阅读词汇1.territoryn.2.cancern.3.royaladj.4.institutionn.missiondisease地区,地方癌症王室的,皇家的机构,团体
■串记拓展词汇1.extendv.持续;延伸→n.持续;延伸2.disabilityn.残疾,残障→adj.残疾的;丧失能力的→adj.能;能干的;有能力的→n.能力;才能;技能3.sensitiveadj.敏感的,容易生气的→n.感受;意识;理解力;见识;理智;意义v.感觉到→adj.失去知觉的;无意义的→adj.明智的;合理的;可察觉到的extensiondisableableabilitysensesenselesssensible
4.generousadj.慷慨的,大方的→n.慷慨;大方5.hesitatev.犹豫,迟疑→n.犹豫;迟疑6.assistancen.帮助,援助→v.帮助;援助→n.助手;助理adj.助理的;副的7.registrationn.登记,注册→v.登记;注册8.confirmationn.证实,证明→v.证明;证实generosityhesitationassistassistantregisterconfirm
Ⅱ.重点短语1.开始从事2.想出;提出3.使振作4.偶然遇见5.在……中起重要作用takeupcomeupwithcheer...upcomeacrossplayanimportantrolein
重难探究·能力素养全提升
重点词汇1.sensitiveadj.敏感的,容易生气的;体贴的,善解人意的;能理解的【教材原句】He’ssensitiveandratherserious,whichsometimesmakeshimappeartobealittlebookish.他敏感而且相当严肃,这有时使他显得有点书呆子气。
【归纳拓展】(1)besensitiveto对……敏感的/同情理解的besensitiveabout对……敏感的(感情上)/容易生气的asensitiveissue/topic一个敏感的问题/话题(2)sensen.感受;理解力;意义v.感觉到(3)senselessadj.失去知觉的;无意义的;不明智的sensibleadj.明智的;合理的;察觉到的【背佳句】Theteachermustbesensitivetoachild’sneeds.老师必须对孩子的需求体察入微。
练出神单句语法填空①Someofusaresensitivesmells,whileothersfindcolourseasiertoremember.②Hewasverysensitivehisscarandthoughteveryonewasstaringathim.写精彩完成句子·背诵③参加“爱心助残”活动,让我更能理解他们的现状。Participatinginactivitiesof“ShowingLovingHeartsfortheDisabled”mademe.toaboutmuchmoresensitivetotheirpresentsituation
2.hesitatev.迟疑,犹豫【教材原句】She’susuallyveryshy,butshe’sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.她通常很害羞,但很大方,在帮助别人时从不犹豫。【归纳拓展】(1)hesitatetodosth.迟疑做某事;不愿做某事hesitateabout/over(doing)sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决(2)hesitationn.踌躇;犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫地【背佳句】IhesitatedforamomentbeforeIofferedmyseattoher.我犹豫了一会儿,然后把座位让给了她。
练出神单句语法填空①—Timhasdifficultyinmakingdecisions.—That’sit.He’sstillhesitatingwhethertotakethejob.②Therichmanissogenerousthatheoftendoesn’thesitate(help)others.写精彩一句多译·背诵③如果你对餐桌礼仪还有一些疑问,请毫不犹豫地告诉我。→Ifyoustillhavesomedoubtsabouttablemanners,please.(hesitate)→Ifyoustillhavesomedoubtsabouttablemanners,please.(hesitation)about/overtohelpdon’thesitatetotellmetellmewithouthesitation
3.assistancen.帮助;援助【教材原句】InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.在中国,志愿者也在环境保护、伤残救助以及其他一些领域起着越来越重要的作用。
【归纳拓展】(1)withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下cometosb.’sassistance帮助某人(2)assistv.帮助assistsb.withsth./in(doing)sth.帮助某人(做)某事assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事(3)assistantn.助手,助理【背佳句】Wearelookingforpeoplewhowouldbewillingtoassistinthegroup’swork.我们正在寻找愿意协助该团体工作的人。
练出神语段填空①Mary,ashop(assist)inaclothesshop,isanicepersonandusually(assist)herneighbourslotsofthings.Sotheylikeherverymuch.Severalyearsago,Maryfelloffaladderandinjuredherrightlegbadly.Fortunately,herneighbourLucy,whoisanurse,cametoher(assist)whensheheardthebadnews.theassistanceofLucy,Maryisrecoveringquicklynow.assistantassistswith/inassistanceWith
写精彩一句多译·背诵②听到这个消息,所有的朋友都来帮助他。→Hearingthenews,allthefriends.(assist)→Hearingthenews,allthefriends.(assistance)cametoassisthimcametohisassistance
语法冲关·语言规则全理清
情景导入Inthemodernworkplace,theadoptedprinciplesofgamesarenowplayinganimportantroleinsuccessfullybuildingteamsofproblemsolvers.HackerRankisacompanyhiredtosetaseriesofprogrammingchallengesandcompetitionsforpromisingemployees.“Whatwedoistogivepeopletheopportunitytoconnectwithanycompanyontheplanetbybuildingasetofchallengesthatapplytheskillsrequiredtoajobthere,”saysVivekRavisankar,HackerRank’sco-founder.“Somecompanieshaveintroducedcomputergamesintothehiringprocessinordertotestinterviewees’skills.It’sonlyamatteroftimebeforethisbecomesawidelyacceptedwayofthinking.”
Theseprinciplesarenowbeingintroducedtoschools,too.Whiletherehasbeenmuchcriticismofthetimespentinfrontofscreens,manyexpertsbelievethatsomegamesofadvancedtechnologycanhelpyoungpeopleunlocktheircreativecharacters,andgivethemmorepracticablelifelessonsforthefuturethantraditionalsubjects.【语法感悟】1.以上加黑部分都在句中作。2.黑体词与被修饰词之间具有逻辑上的关系。定语动宾
语法精讲一、过去分词作定语的位置1.前置定语单个的过去分词作定语常置于其所修饰的名词之前,此时表示被修饰名词的特征。Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofthedisease.被污染的水造成了这种疾病的传播。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.痊愈的动物会很快被放走。
2.后置定语①有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语要放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。Therewereacoupleofseatsleftattheback.后面还剩几个位子。②如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词时,单个的过去分词作定语要放在这些词的后面。Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。Isthereanythingunsolved?还有什么没解决的吗?
③过去分词短语作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句。Theconcert(whichwas)givenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们的朋友举办的音乐会取得了成功。Themeeting(whichwas)heldyesterdaywasofgreatimportance.昨天举行的会议很重要。3.过去分词短语有时也可以用作非限制性定语从句,前后常有逗号。Thehouse,(whichwas)boughtbyuslastmonth,isverynice.我们上个月买的这栋房子很漂亮。Thismethod,discussedyesterday,wasveryinteresting.昨天讨论过的这个方法很有趣。
【即时训练】补全句子①他们住在一间拥挤的房间里。Theylivedina.②看到这条被污染的河流,他们意识到了保护环境的重要性。Seeingthe,theyrealisedtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.③获得的经验很有用。isveryuseful.crowdedroompollutedriverTheexperiencegained
④我们就剩下一点钱了。Wehaveonly.⑤大多数被邀请参加会议的人是我的老朋友。Mostofthepeopleweremyoldfriends.alittlemoneyleftinvitedtotheconference
二、过去分词作定语的意义1.过去分词作定语相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。2.及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成。thematerialused被使用过的材料awrittenreport一份书面报告3.不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成不表示被动。fallenleaves落叶retiredworkers退休工人therisensun升起的太阳
4.某些动词的过去分词已经用成了形容词,表示人物的心理感受或感情变化。disappointed失望的moved感动的surprised感到惊讶的shocked震惊的
三、过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别1.及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或已经完成的动作,其中过去分词的动作与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系;不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作完成。2.现在分词作定语表示所处的状态或正在进行的动作,现在分词所表示的动作与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.完全形容词化的过去分词主要说明人自身的感受,有“感到……的”之意;完全形容词化的现在分词主要说明给人的感受,有“令人……的”之意。amused开心的amusing有趣的astonished感到惊讶的astonishing令人惊讶的disappointed感到失望的disappointing令人失望的moved感动的moving令人感动的
【即时训练】用所给词的适当形式填空①Thefish(cook)inaspecialwaylastnighttastedsodelicious.②Thereweresevenpeoplekilledintheaccident,fourchildren(include).③Thecar(belong)tomewassoldlastyear.④Theneedletreatment(date)backtotheancienttimeshascuredmanydiseases.cookedincludedbelongingdating
四、过去分词、现在分词的被动式与动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别分类形式语态意义时态意义过去分词done被动已完成现在分词的被动式beingdone被动正在进行不定式的被动式tobedone被动尚未发生
Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.去年建造的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourlibrary.现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourlibrary.下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。
【即时训练】用所给词的适当形式填空①Shelookedatthecity(attack)bytheenemy.②TsinghuaUniversity,(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.③Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.beingattackedfoundedtobesolved
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