2019-2020学年福建厦门八年级上学期质检物理1
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2019—2020学年(上)初二年市质检物理参考答案及评分标准一、选择题(本大题共16小题,每小题2分,共32分)12345678910111213141516BCDABDBDBDDAABBC二、填空题(本大题6小题,每空1分,共12分)17.静止运动18.接收看见烟雾19.反相互20.取下游码21.折射凸透22.音调增大摩擦力三、作图题(本大题2小题,每小题2分,共4分)24.25.GG四、简答题(本大题1小题,共4分)23.(1)灯内点上蜡烛,灯内空气受热密度变小,不断上升形成气流(1分),推动轴上方的叶轮,带动轮轴转动,剪纸就随轮轴一起转动(1分)。(2)灯笼纸罩上成像的原理是烛光沿直线传播过程中被剪纸挡住,在灯笼纸罩上形成影子(2分)。五、实验题(本大题5小题,每格1分,共28分)26.(4分)(1)变小变大(2)不能真空不能传声27.(7分)(1)10.0(2)右大于65(3)完整(4)凸远视28.(5分)(1)①正比;②小(2)AB(3)2129.(7分)(1)匀速直线滑动摩擦力(2)①压力②接触面粗糙程度③不正确没有控制压力相同(3)不能30.(5分)(1)43.2(3)0.88×1031.08×103(4)小体积的测量值偏大
六、计算题(本大题3小题,31题6分,32题6分,33题8分,共20分)考生用其它方法计算正确的,参照评分标准分步给分。31.(6分)s41.6km解:(1)v===1.19h=71.3min.........................................................................2分t35km/h2号线地铁全段运行的时间少于71.3min(2)2号线地铁通过海底隧道行驶的路程s=vt=16m/s×3×60s=2880m..............................................................................2分列车的长度s车=s–s桥=2880m–2760m=120m........................................................................2分2号线地铁列车全长约为120m32.(6分)解:(1)G=mg=0.875kg×10N/kg=0.875N.......................................................................1分m875g3(2)8.58g/cm===3............................................................................2分v102cm(3)V=V铜+V锡=102cm3...................................................................................................................................................1分m=m铜+m锡=ρ铜V铜+ρ锡V锡.................................................................................................................................1分875g=8.9×103kg/m3V铜+7.3×103kg/m3V锡解得V3铜=81.5cm......................................................................................................1分33.(8分)解:(1)0.5N...............................................................................................................................2分(2)m水=ρ水V=1g/cm3×100cm3=100g=0.1kg..............................................................1分G水=m水g=0.1kg×10N/kg=1N..........................................................................1分G=G水+G0=1N+0.5N=1.5N....................................................................................1分(3)当G=5N时,G液=G-G0=5N-0.5N=4.5N.............................................................1分G4.5Nm液===0.45kg=450g.................................................................1分g10N/kgm450g34.5g/cm液===............................................................................1分3V100cm