中考英语三大从句复习

第 1 页 共 10 页 中考英语三大从句复习 一、专题讲解 考点一 并列句和状语从句 一、并列句 1.表示顺城、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句 and;both...and..;as well as;not only..but also... 2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句 but；while;yet e.g Lucy likes red while Lily likes white. 3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句 either..or..;or e.g.Study hard,or you’ll fail the exam. 4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句 so“所以” for “因为” e.g Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school. I have to stay up late,for I have lots of homework to do. 5.and 和 or 用于否定句中的区别 （1）当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时，用 and 连接；当列举成分在否定词之 后时，用 or 连接够成完全否定。 e.g Lucy and Lily can’t speak Chinese. I can’t sing or dance. （2）在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用 and 连接，而不用 or. e.g. Their is no water and no air on the moon. （3）在否定句中，without 之后若有列举成分，则用 and 连接，构成完全否定；在 肯定句中，without 之后的列举成分要用 or 连接才能构成完全否定。 e.g Man can’t live without air and water.=Man will die without air or water. 二、状语从句 1.时间状语从句 （1）when 的用法第 2 页 共 10 页  when‘当..时’,引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发 生。 e.g I feel very happy when you come to see me.  when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。 e.g I worked for a foreign company when I was in Chengdu. （2）while 的用法 while 引导的时间状语从句意为“与.同时，在...期间”。while 引导的从句常用延 续性动词或表示状态的动词。 e.g They rushed in while we were discussing problems. （3）as 的用法 as 引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当，一边...一边...；随着” e.g. Helen heard the story as she washed clothes. We get wiser as we get older. （4）before/after 的用法 e.g I will always work hard before I enter Peking University. （5）until/till 的用法 till/until 都表示“直到”，常可换用，但 till 不用于句首。 not..until..“直到... 才...” e.g He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work. （6）since 的用法 since 引导的时间状语从句，表示“自...以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成 时，从句用一般过去时。 e.g I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University. （7）as soon as 的用法 as soon as 引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，意为“一... 就..”，该从句常用一般现在时表将来。 e.g As soon as he arrives,I’ll tell him. 2.条件状语从句 （1）if 的用法第 3 页 共 10 页 含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 e.g I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain. （2）unless 的用法 unless 意为“除非，如果不”，相当于“if..not..” e.g Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨，否则比赛将正常举行。 （3）as long as 的用法 As long as we show our love,the world will be full of happiness. 3.原因状语从句  Because：表因果关系的语气较强，用来回答 why 的问句，所引出的原因往往是 听话人不知道或最感兴趣的，because 引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重 要。 e.g I’m leaving because I am fed up with the boss.  Since：引出的原因往往是人名已知的事实，因此经常译成“既然....”，通常放于 句首。Since 引导的从句时次要的，重点是强调主句。 e.g Since everyone is here,let’s begin.  As:as 与 since 用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话 人所熟悉而不需要用 because 加以强调。As 所引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要 性。 e.g She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep.  Now (that)： 主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主从句因果关系不明显，意为 “既然” e.g Now (that) you have come,you may as well stay. 4.目的状语从句 （1）引导目的状语从句的词或词组有 so that,in order that 等，谓语中常含有 may,might,can,,could,will,would 等情态动词。 e.g You must get up early so that you can go to work on time. （2）当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可用 so as to,in order to。 e.g He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night in order to succeed.第 4 页 共 10 页 5.结果状语从句 （1）由 so..that,such..that 引导 so +adj./adv.+that so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+that such+a/an+adj.+单数名词+that such+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+that 当名词前面有 many,much,little,few 等修饰时，用 so 而不用 such. e.g She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much. = She is so lovely s girl that we love her very much. We have so much time that we can finish the work very well. （2）so..that../too..to../not..enough He is so young that he can’t go to school. = He is _______________________________________. =He is ________________________________________. 6.让步状语从句 （1）though/although 的用法 Although/though 意义一样，都作“虽然，尽管”，都表示让步，一般情况下可 以互换，只是 although 语气较重，大多置于句首。可以和 yet 连用，但不与 but 连用。 e.g They are generous though they are poor. Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. （2）even though 与 even if 的用法 都表示“尽管，即使”，表示语气更强的让步。 e.g Even though he’s 24 now,he’s still like a little child. We’ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. （3）wh-ever 类引导词的用法 在英语中，wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句，还可以引导让步状语从句。引导让步 状语从句时常可换成“no matter +wh-ever”.引导名词性从句只能用 wh-ever.第 5 页 共 10 页 7.地点状语从句 （1）引导地点状语从句的从属连词有 where/wherever，指具体地点时，从句可位于 主句之前或之后，表示抽象含义时，从句需放在主句之前。 e.g He lives where the climate is cool. Where there is a will,there is a way. （2）注意区分 where 引导的状语从句和定语从句。 You’d better make a mark where you have questions. You’d better make a mark at the place where you have questions. 注意：（1）because/so;though/although 与 but 不能连用 （2）when,while,as 引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。When 和 as 都可以与 非延续性动词连用，而 while 不能。 when 可表示瞬间，也可以表示时间段，与主句所陈述的动作、事情可同时发生， 也可有先后。 while 常用于连接两个同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生的动作。 as 不指先后，尤指两动作或事件同时发生。 e.g The film had been on when we arrived. My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. As I left the house,I forget the key. 考点二 宾语从句 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义，只能起连接 作用，可省略 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. what,which,who, whose,whom 等 连接代词 在从句中作一定的成分， 如主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know _______ they are going to do. He asked me _______ the book was. when,where,why ,how 等连接副 词 在句中作状语 He wants to know ______we will go. Do you know _____ they found the place?第 6 页 共 10 页 if/whether “是否”，不作成分，但 有意义 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 一、主句与从句时态一致的问题 1.如果主语是现在的某种时态，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 e.g I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。 e.g He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 3.如果宾语从句表示的客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在 时态。 e.g He told me that the earth is round. 二、宾语从句，陈述语序。 e.g Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is? 三、宾语从句的连接词 1.that 引导的宾语从句： e.g The teacher told us (that) she was a good girl. 注意：引导词 that 用于下列情况时不可省略：  当宾语从句的主语为 that 时。 e.g He says that that is a useful book.  当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。 e.g I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it,you must pay for it.  当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的 that 可以省略外， 其余从句中的 that 不可以省略。 e.g He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 2.whether/if 引导的宾语从句 e.g He asked me if/whether I was from Japan. 只能用 whether,不能用 if 的情况：第 7 页 共 10 页  1.当从句中紧跟 or not 时,例如：We didn't know whether or not she was at home.  2.当构成不定式 to do 结构时,例如：She doesn't decide whether to tell her husband the truth.  3.在介词之后,例如：It all depends on whether the weather is fine.  4.discuss 后面只能用 whether,例如：They are discussing whether the plan is ok. 考点三 定语从句 定义： 在复合句中，作定语的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词， 通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词 what,which,who,whom,whose 和关系副词 when,where,why。关系代词或关系 副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成 分。含有定语从句的复合句基本机构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who, whom 主语，宾语， 表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam? that.which 主语，宾语， 表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. whose 定语 人、物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard. The room whose window is open is mine. when 状语 时间 I still remember the days when you left for Beijing. where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works. why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late? 一、关系代词的用法 1.下列情况时，先行词指物时，只能用 that 引导，不能用 which 引导。  当先行词是 all,little,much,more,none,everything,anything,nothing 等不定代词。 e.g Is there anything (that) you don’t understand?  当先行词前面有 the only,the very,the last 等修饰时。 e.g This is the only book that I can find.第 8 页 共 10 页  当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时， e.g This is the best book that I have ever read.  当先行词前面有 only,all,any,no 等修饰时。 e.g I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.  但主句是以疑问词 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 e.g Which is the hotel that you like best? 2.关系代词的省略 一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但关系代词 which,whom 在从句中作介 词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前面时，不能省略。 e.g I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club. 注意：that,which,who 在从句中作主语时，不能省略。 e.g Who is the girl that is talking with our teacher? 二、关系副词的用法 1.when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 e.g I still remember the day when you graduated from No.9 Middle School. 2.why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的 reason 一词。 e.g We don’t know the reason why he was late for school. 3.where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语 e.g This is the school where I studied three years ago. This is the factory where my father works. 强化练习 宾语从句专项练习 1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you． A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?第 9 页 共 10 页 A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _________. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _________ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _________? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 状语从句专项练习题 1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So 2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us? ---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping 4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who 5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after 7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because第 10 页 共 10 页 8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was 9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less 定语从句专项练习 1. —Which song do you like better,Lucy? —I prefer the song Little Apple ___ can attract many people. A. which B.who C.whom D.where 2. Sitting down after a walk is relaxing.But do you dare to sit on a seat ___ tells you your weight? A.whom B./ C.who D.that 3.Do you know the man ____ is talking to Miss Wu? A.he B.whom C.who D.which 4.A friend is someone ___ says,“What!You too?I thought I was the only one.” A.who B.which C.what D.whose 5.The movie ___ we saw last night was fantastic. A.that B.what C.whose D.who