人英版高二(Unit1--10)重难点总结

                  人教版英语教材高二重难点总结     Unit 1 Making a difference   一、重难点解析 1.It takes a very unusual mind to understand analysis of the obvious. 分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。 2.(There did not seem) much point in working on my PhD --- I did not expect to survive that long. 取得博士学位对我来说似乎没有什么意义了，我没有期望活那么久。 PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) 指"博士学位"。 1)There is no point in doing sth. 表示"做某事没有作用或没有意义"。例如: There is no point in arguing further. 继续争辩下去没有意义了。 There's very little point in protesting. It won't help much. 抗议没有什么用，于事无补。 2)that在此处作副词，意为"那么"，可以修饰形容词。this也有类似的用法。例如: I didn't expect he was that rude. 我没料到他会那么粗鲁。 Please cut my hair about this much. 请把我的头发剪掉这么长。 3.Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse. 但两年过去了，我的情况却没有那么恶化。 go by意思是"(时间)过去"。例如: Time went by so quickly. We are already at the end of our summer holiday. 时间过得真快，转眼我们就要过完暑假了。 4.get / be engaged to sb. 意思是"与某人订婚"。如: Tom got engaged to Mary, whom he had met on the train. 5.turn out to be 意为"结果是"；"最后的情况是"。例如: The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely. 天气预报说今天下午有雨，结果今天下午天气非常好。 The lecture turned out to be very dull. 讲座结果很沉闷。 6.Everyone has his or her special skills and interests, and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference. 每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正有所作为。 后半句是个倒装句，正常语序应该是: We can hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference by discovering what we do best. 用倒装的目的是为了强调倒装部分。如: Only in this way can you make progress in your English study. 只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。 二、日常用语 1.That's correct. 2.That's true. 3.There is no doubt that ... 4.It's clear that ... 5.It's hard to say. 6.What's your idea? 7.I doubt about ... 8.Well, maybe, but ... 9.Have you thought about ...?     Unit 2 News media   一、重难点解析 1.more than表示"不仅仅"。例如: If you tell your father what you've done, he will be more than a little angry. 如果你对你父亲实说了你做的事，他会很生气的。 2.Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them. 富有经验的编辑和记者可以根据自己了解的情况来决定报道什么和如何报道。 experienced是动词的过去分词，在句中作定语，修饰editors and reporters。例如: The unexpected arrival of the letter made us jump with joy. 那封信的突然到来使我们高兴得跳了起来。 注意: 现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义是不同的，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如: 1)He made an inspiring speech at the meeting. 他在会上做了一个鼓舞人心的讲话。 2)The inspired audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause. 受到鼓舞的听众站起来，对他报以长时间的热烈掌声。 3.relate to sb. / sth.意思是"能理解或同情某人(某事物)"。例如: Students find it difficult to relate to the life of a scientist. 学生们发现理解科学家的生活很困难。 relate (...) to 还可以表示"有关联的"；"相关的"。例如: If you relate the results to the cause, you will find things are not that simple. 如果你把结果和原因联系起来看，你会发现事情并不那么简单。 4.for once 表示"(至少)这一次(平时不是这样)"。例如: For once, Brown, the toughest man, was asking for support. 只有这一次，布朗这个硬汉，开口求人了。 5.A reporter begins by contacting the people to be interviewed and then prepares questions. 记者先联系被采访人，然后准备问题。 to be interviewed 是动词不定式的被动形式，在这里用作定语。例如: First he made a list of the names of those to be invited. Then he began to write the invitation cards. 他先列出需要邀请的人的名单，然后开始写邀请函。 注意: 动词的-ing形式，过去分词和不定式的被动形式都可以作定语，但时间含义上有所不同。例如: 1)the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召开的会议 2)the meeting held yesterday 昨天已开过的会议 3)the meeting being held now 现在正在召开的会议 6.be / get / become addicted to ... 意思是"对......有(上)瘾的"。例如: Soon he became addicted to cigarettes. 他很快就有了烟瘾。 7.The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated. 结果会使人们更好地了解世界的方方面面，以至于在未来的世界里，所有国家的人都能受到尊重，不同见解和观点都能受到包容。 1)leading to a future world where ...是现在分词短语，在句中作状语，短语中的where引导定语从句，用以修饰a future world。 2)on all sides (亦作on every side)意思是"在各方面"；"四方八面"。例如: On all sides there was great enthusiasm over his speech. 他的讲演激起各界人士极大的热情。 They were trapped with enimies on every side. 他们陷入困境，四面楚歌。 8.nine out of ten 表示"十分之九"；"百分之九十"。类似的说法还有: One child in twenty suffers from this disease. 每20个孩子中有一个患这种病。 Nine out of ten people will not agree with you. 十个人里面有九个不会同意你的意见。 Four of the ten children there can go to school. 在那里十个孩子中有四个可以上学。 二、日常用语 1.What do you think of ...? 2.What's your opinion? 3.Why do you choose ...? 4.Perhaps ... is more important. 5.I would rather choose ... 6.I don't think we should choose ... 7.Maybe it would be better to choose ... 6.Our readers want to know about ...     Unit 3 Art and architecture   一、重难点解析 1.find sb. doing sth. 表示"发现某人做某事"；find sth. done 表示"发现某事(被)做成了"。doing sth.和done都是宾语补足语。例如: He woke up to find himself lying on the beach. "Thank God," he said to himself. 他醒来发现自己躺在海滩上。"感谢上帝，"他自言自语道。 Have you ever found two nouns used together in this way? 两个名词像这样一起用的例子你见过吗？ They came home only to find the rooms broken into. 他们回到家中，结果发现有人闯进过屋子。 2.go against 意思是"违背"；"违反"。例如: Her father is so strict that she is scared to go against his wishes. 她的父亲非常严厉，所以她害怕违背他的意愿。 3.A is to B what C is to D. 这是一个比喻结构，意为"A对B而言正如C对D一样"。 4.The simple style of the buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture. 建筑物简朴的风格和德国式样使它们在中国建筑中与众不同。 1)此句的主语是The style and the fact，其中fact带有一个由that引起的同位语从句。句子的谓语动词是set ... aside，后面as引起的是状语部分。 2)set ... aside 意思是"把......放在一边"。例如: The complaint was set aside as of no important. (对方的)诉苦被看成是无所谓的事而放在一边。 Peter set aside the papers he was marking and reached for his cigarettes and matches. 彼得把他正在阅读的论文放在一边，伸手去拿香烟和火柴。 二、日常用语 1.I'd rather ... 2.I'm much more interested ... 3.In my opinion, ... 4.I really prefer ... 5.I wouldn't feel happy if ... 6.I'm not very interested in ... 7.I don't get very excited about ... 8.If you ask me, then ... 9.I prefer something that ... 10.I like seeing something ... 11.What I like is ... 12.I can't stand ...   Unit 4 A garden of poems   一、重难点解析 1.call up 意思是"召唤"；"会议"；"汇集"。例如: The trip called up happy memories of my youth. 这趟旅行勾起了我对年轻时代的幸福回忆。 He called up all the information from the computer. 他从计算机中调出了所有信息。 2.stand out 意思是"突出"；"引人注意"。例如: David stands out as a computer programme designer. 大卫是个出众的计算机编程员。 In this list two names stand out particularly. 这个名单上有两个名字很显眼。 3.belong to 意思是"属于"。例如: Whom does this umbrella belong to? 这雨伞是谁的？ Two-thirds of the members in the club belong to the wealthy class. 俱乐部中三分之二的成员属于富裕阶层。 4.absence本意为"缺席"，但翻译时可以根据上下文译为不同的汉语。例如: During his absence from Guangzhou his co-workers did a lot of work. 他不在广州的这些日子里，他的同事干了不少工作。 In the absence of these conditions, it won't work well. 没有这些条件，它的效果不会很好。 5.Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic poets. 英国浪漫主义诗人深受中国人的喜爱。                 这是一个倒装句，有时为了突出表语，句子可以倒装。例如: Great have been the changes here since 1990. 自从1990年后，这里的变化很大。 Such as Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. 爱因斯坦就是这样一个人，既平凡又成绩卓著。 6.Quietly, we embrace 我们静静地相拥 In a world lit up by words. 在这个用语言照亮的世界里。 7.If I see you next to never, 如果我看不到你的身影， How can I say forever? 又怎能说天长日久？ 二、日常用语 1.I'm interested to ... but ... 2.I think I might want to ... 3.I want to ... 4.I'd like to ... 5.I've never heard of ... so ... 6.I've never read any ... so ... 7.I think it will be difficult to ... 8.I think it will be boring ... 9.I'm (not) very interested in ... so ... 10.I hope to find ... 11.I don't know how much about ... but ...   Unit 5 The British Isles   一、重难点解析 1.a matter of ...表示"一个......的问题"。例如: How is tea made? It isn't simply a matter of soaking a tea bag in hot water. 茶是如何沏成的？那不仅仅是把茶包放入开水中的问题。 It's only a matter of time before the police get him. 警察抓住他只是时间问题。 2.consist of 意思是"由......组成"。例如: This cake mainly consists of sugar, flour and butter. 这个蛋糕的主要原料是白糖、面粉和黄油。 3.The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, Speakers' Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past. 用炸鱼土豆条、讲演角、大本钟和伦敦塔象征英国的时代已经过去了。 句中that引导的从句是同位语从句。同位语从句与定语从句很相似，但前者是名词性从句，后者是形容词性从句。同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰前面的名词。同位语从句中的连词在句中不充当句子成分；定语从句的连词则是从句的成分，如主语、宾语等。如: I made a promise that if anyone sent the bag back to me, I would share the money inside with him or her. 我许愿说无论谁把钱包还回来，我都与他或她分享里面的钱。(同位语从句) Mother made a promise that excited all her children. 妈妈许了一个诺言，使所有孩子都非常高兴。 4.make the most use of 意思是"充分利用"。例如: George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his time to learn. 乔治学习很努力，他要充分利用自己的时间学习。 You have only a short holiday, so make the most of it. 你的假期很短，好好利用吧。 5.at one point 意思是"在某处"；"一度"。例如: At one point in the meeting she nearly lost her temper. 会议上她一度几乎要大发雷霆。 6.be of great value 即 be very valuable，意思是"是非常有价值的"。例如: A college education is of great value in one's life. 高等教育在人生中很重要。 We consider his work to be of great value. 我们觉得他的工作很有价值。 7.The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England, being from the ground 404 feet. 大教堂因它的塔高而闻名于世，该塔毫无异议地成为英国最高、最漂亮的塔，塔顶距地面404英尺高。 being from the ground 404 feet 在本句中作状语。例如: Being painted, her house looked in a mess. 由于正在粉刷，她的房子看起来一团糟。 I was scared and feeling pretty anxious, this being my first time in a new country. 因为这是我第一次出国，我感到害怕和焦虑。 二、日常用语 1.Don't you think that ...? 2.I don't think that's right ... 3.I don't think so. 4.You must be mistaken ... 5.No, you are wrong thinking that ... 6.I'm afraid you're wrong ... 7.Aren't you confusing ...? 8.I'm not so sure about that ... 9.Surely it must be ... 10.Yes, you are right, but ... 11.Yes, I agree with you. 12.I believe that you've got it right. Unit 6 Life in the future 一、重难点解析 1.A good example of how transportation is changing is the new maglev train, which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing 430km/h. 公共交通正在改善的一个很好的例子就是新型磁悬浮列车，它环保，节能，而且能以每小时430公里的惊人速度行驶。 2.Scientists are also developing new fuels and engines that will let us travel wothout worrying about whether we are polluting the environment. 科学家们还开发了新型燃料和新式发动机，使我们旅行时不必担心会污染环境。 句中的that引导的是一个定语从句，修饰fuels and engines；句中的whether引导宾语从句。 3.The malls of the future will be like small cities where you can shop, eat, see a film and even dance. 未来的购物街会像一个个小商城，你可以在其中购物、就餐、看电影甚至跳舞。 句中的where引导定语从句，修饰cities一词。 mall大型购物中心或步行街，集零售、服务和娱乐于一体。目前世界上最大的购物中心是加拿大阿尔伯塔省的西埃得蒙顿购物中心。 5.If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store. 如果我们学会接受变化，学会欣赏新的不同的东西，我们就能有准备地迎接未来带给我们的一切。 二、日常用语 1.It would be wonderful if ... 2.It would be bad for ... if ... 3.It's possible / impossible to predict ... 4.No one can predict what / when ... 5.Just imagine if ... 6.We can only guess ...   Unit 7 Living with disease   一、重难点解析 1.via 意思是"经过"；"通过"。例如: We went to America via Tokyo. 我们途经东京去美国。 The deaf and dumb people communicate via sign language. 聋哑人用手势语交流。 2.People who see Xiaohua would never guess that she is one of the millions of children in the world living and dying with AIDS. 看见过小华的人都不会想到她是世界上患有艾滋病或因艾滋病而濒于死亡的几百万儿童中的一个。 句中的who see Xiaohua是个定语从句，修饰people一词，句中的that引导宾语从句；此外，句中living and dying with AIDS是现在分词短语作定语，修饰children，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 3.wish后面跟宾语从句时，从句多用虚拟语气。例如: I wish you wouldn't smoke any more. 我希望你不再吸烟了。 I wish very much you could manage to come over. 我真希望你能度过这一关。 I wish you'd stop him from doing those useless things. 我希望你制止他去做那些无用的事。 4."If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients," Xiaohua says.小华说: "如果我能活到参加工作，我要选择医生这个职业，帮助这些艾滋病患者。" 本句中使用了虚拟语气。在叙述过去、现在或将来的事实时，我们常可能谈到一些不可能发生的事情，这时我们要用虚拟语气。例如: If he were to come, what should we say to him? 如果他来了，我们该对他说些什么？ 5."I wish people would find out the facts," she says, "and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person." "我希望人们了解实情，"她说，"不要把我当坏人或危险的人。" as if用来引导状语从句，常常放在act, look, sound, smell, feel等动词的后面。例如: He acted as if nobody was around. 他表演着，旁若无人的样子。 That tree looks as if it is going to fall down. 那棵树看起来要倒。 Tim sounded as if he had a cold. 蒂姆听起来像是患了感冒。 The kitchen smells as if something is burning. 厨房里好象有什么东西烧着了。 as if引导的从句中也可以使用虚拟语气。例如: Don't talk to me as if I were a child. 不要把我当作孩子那样对我讲话。(我已经不是孩子了。) He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。(事实上发生了一些事情。) 6.remember doing sth.表示记得做过某事；remember to do sth.表示记着去做某事。例如: I clearly remembered locking the door when I left. 我清楚地记得离开时锁了门。 Please  remember to lock the door before you leave. 请记着离开前把门锁了。 7.Living with cancer has made me realise how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest. (忍受)癌症使我认识到了生命的可贵，认识到了抓住一切机会充实生活的重要。 living with cancer是本句的主语，它是一个动名词词组；how precious life is 和 how important ...是realise的两个宾语。 take a chance 意思是"利用机会"；"碰碰运气"。例如: We will take a chance on the weather and have our party outside. 我们想碰碰运气，到户外开晚会。 We mustn't take chances. We'd better play it safe. 我们不要冒险，最好稳重行事。 二、日常用语 1.Supporting an opinion 1)I think that ..., because... 2)First, ... 3)One reason is that ... 4)For example, ... 5)If we / they were to ..., we / they could... 2.Challenging an opinion 1)Perhaps, but what if / about ...? 2)Have you thought about ...? 3)What makes you think that ...? 4)Could you explain ...? 5)If I were you, I would ...   Unit 8 First aid   一、重难点解析 1.If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them. 要是我多懂得一些急救知识，我就能帮助他们了。 本句中使用了虚拟语气。在与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，条件从句的谓语用had + 过去分词；结果主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词。例如: If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic. 如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。(事实是昨天天气很坏。) If I had known his address, I would have written to him. 我要是知道他的地址，就给他写信了。(事实是我不知道他的地址。) 2.on the way 意思是"即将到来"。例如: The food you ordered is on the way. 你订的餐快到了。 We are in January now. The Spring Festival is on the way. 现在是一月了，春节快到了。 3.prevent ... from doing sth. 意思是"阻止......做某事"。例如: There was nothing to prevent her from doing so. 没有什么事可以阻止她去做此事。 That did not prevent him from going to work the following day. 那并没有阻止他第二天去工作。 4.find后面可以跟带介词短语的复合结构。例如: I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again. 我希望再次见到你时，你的精神会好些。 5.Send whatever you find to the hospital to help the doctor find out what kind of poison the person has swallowed. 把你找到的所有东西都送到医院，好让医生了解病人误服了什么有毒物品。 句中的whatever所引导的是宾语从句，whatever可以引起各种名词性从句。例如: He told me he was satisfied with whatever I had done. 他说他对我所做的事情都感到满意。 Whatever she said wasn't true. 她说的一切都不是事实。 二、日常用语 1.You should always ... 2.You should never ... 3.You must ... 4.You must never ... 5.You ought to /should ... 6.You should not ... 7.You have to ... 8.Never ... 9.Make sure that ... 10.Please don't ... Unit 9 Saving the earth   一、重难点解析 1.access的意思是"进入"；"接近"。例如: The dead-end street was the only access to her home. 那个死胡同是通往她家的唯一的路。 2.Among the speakers was China's then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 与会发言者中有中国当时的总理朱镕基，他强调了世界范围内的平等与公正的需要。 主句是倒装句，主语部分带有一个非限定性定语从句。为了保持句子平衡，将表语部分放于句首。 3.常用until的三种句式: Jack didn't understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything. (陈述句) Not until his mother told him everything did Jack understand why she was angry with him. (倒装句) It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him. (强调句) 直到杰克的母亲把一切对他和盘托出，他才明白母亲为什么跟他生气。 4.A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act. 更好地了解环境情况是必要的，愿意行动也是必要的。 as此处的用法与so相同。例如: He is a patriot, as are his brothers. 他是个爱国者，他的兄弟们也是一样。 He believed, as did his family, that you were telling the truth. 他和他全家人一样，相信你说的是实话。 5.in harmony with ...意思是"与......和谐相处"。例如: He soon found himself in harmony with his new co-workers. 他很快便发现自己与新同事能和睦相处。 6.And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars. 如果贫穷的问题有所改善，如果人们能受到更好的教育，我们身边的暴力和战争可能就会减少。 There is a good chance (that) ...该句型可以表示"有可能发生某事"，chance在这里是"可能"的意思。例如: There is a good chance that I'll finish the work tomorrow. 明天我很有可能会完成这项工作。 二、日常用语 1.We must make sure that ... 2.It's clear that ... 3.I believe that we must ... 4.I'm all for ... 5.If nothing is done ..., then ... 6.I can't imagine that ... 7.Sure / Certainly / Absolutely. 8.It would be better if we ... 9.Is there a better way to ...?   Unit 10 Frightening nature   一、重难点解析 1.tell可以作"区别"解。例如： Human taste buds can tell the difference between four basic flavours. 人类的味蕾可以区分四种基本的味道。 It's often difficult to tell identical twins from each other, even when they are standing side by side. 同卵双胞胎总是很难区别开来，甚至当他们并肩站在一起时。 2.at hand意思是"在手边"；"在跟前"。例如: I haven't the dictionary at hand, but I will show it to you later. 我现在手头没有字典，呆一会我指给你看。 I want you to be at my hand during my interview with the applicants. 申请人面试时我希望你在跟前。 3.call for意思是"要求"；"需要"。例如: The work calls for endurance and patience. 这工作需要耐力和耐心。 4.the other way意思是"另一个方向"；"相反"。例如: He turned the other way when he saw the police coming. 他看见警察后转向另一方向。 He thought it would be easier to go there than to come back, but it was just the other way. 他以为去时用的时间比来时短，其实正好相反。 5.right意思是"径直地"；"立即地"。例如: The ship went right to the bottom. 轮船直沉江底。 He turned on the TV right after he came into the room. 他进屋就打开了电视机。 6.knock about意思是"漫游"；"闲逛"。例如: He's knocked about in Africa for years. 他在非洲漫游了好几年。 As a young man he suffered a lot from poverty. He used to knock about at the market, trying to find a job for a few coins. 年轻时他很穷，经常在市场里闲逛，找些零活挣些小钱。 7.The hurricane, with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls, had found this little ship in its path. 飓风威力无比，它能沉掉船只、推倒墙；飓风一路风驰电掣来到小船前。 1)with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls是定语成分，修饰hurricane。 2)see, find等动词的主语有时是物。例如: This old house has seen better days. 这座老房子曾有过风光的日子。 National Day found people singing and dancing happily in a street parade. 国庆节时人们在大街上的游行队伍里高兴地唱啊跳啊。 二、日常用语 1.How terrible! 2.I dare not ... 3.He gets into a total panic when ... 4.It makes my hair stand on end. 5.It's a frightening thing ... 6.She's scared to death. 7.It makes me feel very worried. 8.I'm afraid of ... 9.I'm frightened to death by ... 10.I'm really frightened to ... 11.What's really scary is ... 12.What terrifies me is ..