Unit 1
1.The then director of the Guinness Brewery 吉尼斯啤酒厂厂长
2. Settle an argument about… 结束一场…的争辩
3. After talking to his friends…. 同他的朋友交谈之后
4. The first edition was published in 1955 and has been a best-seller ever since “自那以后”.
5． apply for 申报;申请
6． …if all goes well,如果一切都顺利,
7． …get a certificate from…得到…的证书
8． set down the records 把纪录记下来
set down 记下,写下
set about doing / aside / back / off / out / up开始做/把…置于一旁 /阻碍 /出发/出发/建立
9． keep track of them in other ways
用其他的方法与他们保持联系
keep track of 与…保持联系; 看清;听清
lose track of 与…失去联系;看不清;听不清
10．Impressive as the record is=though the record is impressive, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
11．was diagnosed with “被诊断患”
12．in a row “连续不断”
13．be familiar to sb 对某人熟悉
14．be different from 与…不同
15．have fun 有乐趣
16．get ready for 为…作好准备
17．concentrate on 注意力集中在 .
18． have something /nothing to do with与…有关/无关
19． a world of knowledge in stamps 邮票上的许多知识
20.Once (一旦) you know what you want to collect,…
21 first of all 首要
22 get hold of 拥有;得到
23 cut out 剪下
24 leave lots of room 留有许多空间
25 a clean sheet of paper 一张干净的纸
26get wrinkled 起皱纹
27 a pair of tweezers 一把钳子
28 a magnifying glass 一个放大镜
29 become valuable 变得有价值
30 the only existing copy of the stamp唯一现存的一枚邮票
31look through/ go through 看
32 in circulation 流通
33 one coin of a certain kind 某一种硬币
34 As with…至于
35 Nor should you ever clean an old coin= you should not ever clean
36 The records are put into different categories. 这些记录分不同类别进行归档.
Unit 2
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation for mankind’s greatest endeavour. 贸易和好奇常常成为人类最伟大努力的基础.
search for 探寻 ( in search of)
the distant, wealthy Asian lands遥远而富裕的亚洲大陆
It is well known that (众所周知) Africa had contacts with (与…有接触) India and the Red Sea civilisations from the earliest times.
5. Silk from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for (交换) spices and glass.
• find one’s way “发现到某处的途径”
• feel /make / fight /push one’s way
• (lose one’s way迷路)
6. meet with sb. /sth. “与某人会晤/遇到;经历某事物”
7. hear about “ 听说”
8. know about “了解”
9. with descriptions of …用…描写
11. The Arabic contacts (n.) to “与…接触”the African coast led to the next meeting between black people and a Chinese.
lead to + n. “导致” (lead led led )
12. In the year 751, the Chinese traveller Du Huan was taken prisoner by the Arabic army.
• take/ hold sb prisoner/captive
= keep or take sb as a prisoner “囚禁或俘虏某人”
• Sb. be taken prisoner by …
13. wander through… “游荡;流浪”
wander through the countryside 在野外闲逛
14. give information on 提供有关信息
15. make a voyage/ journey/trip to = go on a voyage / journey/ trip “通过海路/ 陆路来到…”
16. date from = date back to 始于,追溯到,
18. have the will to do sth 有意要做某事
19. under (the) command of 在某人的指挥下=Under sb’s command
20. set sail from… to…从…出发向…航行
21. renew relations with…恢复同…的关系
22. in return作为对…的回报/付款
I bought him a drink for his help in return.
in turn = one after the other 依此;逐个
The girls called out their names in turn.
23. For a short time 在短期内
24. After 1433, the Ming court believed that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home “在国内”.
25. suggest vt.
1) 建议,提议[+v-ing][+(that虚拟)][+wh-]
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.
The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day. 牙医建议她改天再来。
[order,command,insist,require,demand,advise,
recommend,etc.+that…(should)+do]
2 ) 暗示;启发[+(that陈述)]
Her expression suggested pleasure./that she was pleased. 她面露喜色。
26.apart from 1) 撇开…来说;除…外
Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job. =Except for
2)除此而外,还有…
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.=Besides
In addition to, besides, as well (as) 除．．．外还有
Except, except for, but 除去．．．
27.adjust to sth 适应;
28. rely on 依靠
29. They had no idea what they were up against.他们对将要面临的情况一无所知.
up against sth 面临问题,困难等
30. Two British expeditions made the attempt in 1922 and 1924,…返回重新登山
make an /the / no attempt to do sth /at doing sth 企图;尝试(不)做某事
31.run out of/run out 用完
I have run out of my money.
My money has run out.
use up/ run out of Vt.
run out/ give out Vi.
They have used up their money. ( run out of )
The fuel gave out.
32. make it to sth 在…上获得成功
He’s never really made it as an actor.
他当演员从未获得成功.
33. succeed in doing sth.在…上获得成功
34 In the Middle Ages 中世纪
35 fall off 从…掉下
36 lose one’s interest 失去兴趣
37 in the search for 寻找
38 concentrate on
39…but he was hanged for telling lies…
但他因为撒谎而绞死,
40 up till then/ now 直到那时/现在
41 He was positive about …他确信…
42(Be) Based on…根据
43set sail to the south 向南航行
44 (Be) Unable to… 不能
45 set sail to the south/for New Zealand 朝新西兰航行
46 more or less by accident 多多少少偶然
47 Cook sailed as far south as possible.
库克尽可能往南航行.
48 …,but he was very disappointed when it turned out 证明 to be just a small island (which was )covered with snow.
Unite 3
be connected to / with sb./ sth.
与…连接
2. Having been separated from…与…分开
3. lay eggs生蛋，下蛋, 产卵
4. lay the table放置，铺设
lie说谎(vi.) lied lied lying
lie躺；位于(vi.) lay lain lying
lay下蛋,放置(vt.) laid laid laying
5. feed sb/ animals on sth.用…喂养They feed the babies on milk.
She was feeding the baby with/on porridge. 她在给孩子喂稀饭。
You’d better feed this to the ducks.
6. give birth to 生孩子,孕育
7. keep out 使在外; 不使入内， 不让…进来
keep out of ...躲开；避开;置身于…之外;不介入
keep off 推迟，避开
keep from 阻止
keep up 保持
keep up with 跟上
8. round up赶拢，使集拢 逮捕，完成
9. We are delighted to meet you. 和你们见面真感到高兴.
10.share sth. with sb. “和某人分享,分担,共同具有等”
11. hand down 传下来
12. be suitable for 适应
13. become experienced at 在…方面有经验
14. As a consequence 结果
15. In addition to 除了
16. provide…with 提供
17. make up 占
18. take sth as one’s own 把…占为己有
19. other than 除了
20. bring back to life 复活
21. head for 朝着…前进
22. be made up of 由…组成
23. be surrounded by被…环绕，被…包围
24. be harmful to 对…有害
26. as a consequence 结果，后果
27. have a strong influence on/upon 对…有强力影响
28. suffer from 遭受…的苦难
29. transform … into vt. 转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形
30. benefit from 从…得到好处
31. differ from.. vi. 不同；不像；相异e.g. She differs from me in many ways.
32. be fond of 喜欢
33. get away from 逃避
Unit 4
1. a branch of …一个分支
2．make attempts 尝试
3．classify … into…分类
4．be based on 在…基础上
5．as a result结果
6．at the first sight 乍看起来
7．develop a lifelong friendship with 发展终身友谊
8．born into a life of privilege 生来就享有特权生活
9．in one’s position在…的位置
10．lead a cosy life过着舒适安逸的生活
11．have an appetite for…渴望做…
12．appoint sb. as …任命
13．make a career in science 为科学事业努力工作
14．look out for当心，小心；找寻
15．on a large scale大规模地
16．spread over the globe 传遍全球
17．from behind his desk 从他的书桌后
18．be involved in被卷入，专心做，与…有关
19．hold a position 保持职位
20．to experiment with sth. 对…做实验
21．be left to sb
22. in terms of
23. even if 24. devote to
25. share an interest in 26. get together
27. have a general interest in 2 8. with the help of
29. reach high standards 30. students aged 18
31. be experienced at 32. have a close look
33. make notes of 34.in communities
35. be made up of 36. take an active interest in
37.a variety of 38. put up
39. make a contribution to 40. make an effort to
41. care for 42. participate in
43. become aware of
44．The Beagle followed almost the same route as Cook’s .
45．享受做试验的充分自由 enjoy all the freedom to experiment
46． 值得特别重视 deserve special attention
47． 明显与…相关 show a clear relationship with
48. 有关 be related to
49. 用花朵和豌豆实验conduct his experiments with flowers and peas
50． 代代相传 pass on from one generation to the next
51． 导致遗传学的产生give birth to the science of genetics
52. 形成理念 form the belief
53. 研究玫瑰的变异情况study many varieties of garden roses
54．重新认识环境对物种的重要性
bring the importance of the environment on species back in view
55. 大叶 broad leaves
56. 外形改变 change one’s appearance
57. 适应新环境 adapt to the new environment
58. 靠近地表生长 grow close to the ground
59.的关键, …的答案 the key to sth./doing sth
60． in view 可以看见；在考虑之中；已提出的；计划好的
61．concerning “关于”
62． I almost never see her. 我几乎从没见到她。
63． in one’s youth 某人年轻时期
Unit 5
1 a highly developed industry高度发展的行业
2 go hand in hand 紧密联系
3 with the development of 随着…的发展
4 react to sth. 对…的反应
5 (on one hand,)on the other hand 另一方面
6 accuse sb. /sth. of… 指责;控告
7 introduce sb./sth. to sb. 把…介绍给…
8 associate …with…把…和…联系起来
9 make (good) choices/a choice 作出(好的)选择
10 get their message across 明白他们的意图
11 The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.接近消费者的最好机会是投合消费者的情感.
12 take into consideration 考虑
13 make the right decision 作出正确决定
14 be armed with 用…装备
15 make people aware of…使人们了解
16 look out for 提防
17 keep an eye out for 留心;注意
18 distinguish between…and …把…和…加以区别
19. protect …from…保护…免遭…
20. differ from : be different from
22. attach …to …系,贴;固定;附着;重视
23. with the purpose of “以…为目的”
24.for the purpose of “为了…目的”“因…起见”；
25.make sense有 意义；意思清楚；有道理
26. make sense of （常用于疑问句、否定句）理解；懂；明白
27. think twice慎重考虑; 谨慎思考
28. be similar to(与…相似)
29. keep track of 与某人保持联系
30. be aware of 知道,明白,意识到
31. come across 遇到.碰到
32. try …out 试用
The drug has not been tried out on humans yet.
33. throughout the country= all over the country
Unit 6
1. in the spring of 1845 1845 的春天
2 less than half a year later 不到半年后
3 pack sth onto… 把…装到…上
4 what to take 拿什么
5 what to leave behind 留下什么
6 by the middle of October 直到十月中旬
7 set off for our journey 开始旅途
8 leave traveling 启程
9 the most trying part 最难熬的一段
10 lose one’s way 迷路
11 be hard on sth/sb. 非常艰难
12 drag one’s legs拖着疲惫的步子
13 hang out伸出
14 in desperate need of water急切地需要水
15 be accustomed to习惯于
16 be lined with排列
17 in anxiety of急切地
18 get onto one’s knees跪在地上
19 stare at sb. 盯着
20 come to an end 结束
Unit 7
pay …for…付钱为…
all day off放一天假
the day after第二天
do sb good对某人有好处
without bringing in profits没有带来效益
enjoy abundant comfort享受舒适生活
in want of需要
badly off贫穷
the two of us我们俩
close up关闭
far from一点也不
comment on评价
have an/no eye for(不)关注
occupy themselves with making money只顾自己挣钱
display his deep sympathy and love for the poor表露了对穷人深深的同情和爱
turn down拒绝
in need of 需要
in favour of 支持
in want of 需要
in praise of 表扬
in honor of给……致敬
in the face of面对
in hope of希望
in search of寻找
in charge of掌管
in memory of纪念
take one’s place代替
be content to do sth./ with sth. 对…满意
walk with Tiny Tim upon his shoulder边走边背着TIM
that mean ,hard, selfish old man那个小气,顽固,自私的老头
Long life to him! 愿他长寿!
It’s twice the size of Tiny Tim. 那是TIM 的两倍一样大
on the contrary相反
toast to the New Year with a glass of wine为新年喝一杯
on a cold November night in 1775在1775年十一月一个寒冷的晚上
attend to sb 照顾
die at the hands of sb 死在某人手中
be thrown in/into prison 被关进监狱
Freed from prison 从监狱中释放
want revenge for sb 为某人报仇
give up his fortune 放弃财产
fall in love 爱上
look so much alike that…看上去如此的像以致…
for fear of what might happen to him 担心可能发生
take place 发生
belonging(=who belonged )to the old order 属于旧制度
answer for the wrongs( which had been) done to sb 为所做的坏事负责
sentence sb to death for sth 判处死刑
be put to death 处死
take his place 代替
make this final sacrifice to.. 作出最后的牺牲
be taken to the guillotine 被带上短头台
a far, far better thing 一件非常,非常好的事
a far, far better rest 一次非常,非常好的休息
Upon/on arrival 一到达
Unit 8 Learning a foreign language: Twice as hard? 外语学习---需要双倍的努力吗?
1 more than just不只是
2 learn and acquire 学习并获得
3 be equipped with用…装备
4 adjust itself to使…适应于
5 regardless of 不管
6 consider…further进一步考虑
7 communicate with…与…交流
8 In other words换句话说
9 Research has shown …研究表明
10 have sth in common有共同之处
11 make sense of理解,明白
12 distinguish… from.. 与…区别
13 be curious about…对…有好奇心
14 be willing to愿意
15 be confident in…对…有信心
16 deal with academic challenges对付学业中的各种挑战
17 gain confidence 获得信心
18 take risks冒险
19 make mistakes, 犯错误
20 contribute to贡献;捐赠;有助于;
21 It takes patience to learn a language. 学习语言要有耐心.
22 do well/better in在…做得(更)好
23 put… to/into better /good use使…(更)好地使用
24 take chances 抓住机遇
25 at various academic levels不同学术层次
26 at a reasonable cost合理的费用
27stay in touch保持联系
28 become fluent in the new language使新语言说得流利
29 make friends with交朋友
30 broaden your horizons大开眼界
31 depend on依靠
32 fall behind落后
33 worry about担心
34 be concerned about关心
35 find an appropriate course for you为你找到合适的课程
36 take an active part积极参加
37 hear about听取
38 at about the same time as Shakespeare 大概莎士比亚同一时期
39 Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested.
40 pick up 拿起
41 dip into 翻阅;浏览
42 read bits here and there 这里和那里读一点
43 every time you come to…每次碰到
44 come across 遇到
45 an article of clothing 一件衣服( a suit of clothes一套衣服)
46 point out 指出，说明
47 look out for 留心
Unit 9
1.take measures to do sth.
2.a laid-off worker
3.have an income of
4.to make matters worse
5.take a bank loan
6.put extra pressure on the family
7.keep a healthy diet
8.live in poverty
9.make ends meet
10.look forward to
11.ready-made clothes
12.cure many diseases
13.a story of hard work
14.search for
15.clean up
16.in a good mood
17.set a goal
18.be effective in
19Two years ago , he was diagnosed with（被诊断）tuberculosis .
20 Mr Wang is a laid-off worker（下岗工人） and his wife has an income of only 300 yuan per month.
21To make matters worse = what’s worse = worse still 使情况更困难
22 at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何At the/a cost of 以…代价
23 depend on /upon 依靠， 依赖，视 …而定
24 Thanks to 由于，因为, 多亏Because of/ owing to/ Thanks to + n.
25 aim at 以 …为目标 be aimed at 目标是， 目的是
E.g. The factory must aim at increasing production .
26 be designed to do sth .打算/企图做某事
E.g. This course of study is designed to help those wishing to teach abroad .
be designed for + sb./sth 为…而设计
27 so far “到目前为止”，谓语动词常用完成时态
28 have access to 接近，利用
29. Provide sth . (for sb)提供 ， 给 ， 准备
E.g. If you pay us a visit , we can provide a meal at any time .
30. Provide sb. with sth.给 ……提供
E.g. Was he able to provide you with information?
31 Live on 以……为生Live by doing 以干……为生Live a …life 过……样的生活
32 cover the most fundamental needs解决最基本的需要
33衣食住行Clothing, food, housing and travel
34 As is/was the case with = as it is/was the case with “….的情况也如此”
35 Care for 喜欢,关心
36 Leave sth ./ sb behind “留下,遗留, 忘记携带”
37 get treated = be treated 表被动（作联系动词）
get lost 迷路了
get burnt 被烧伤
get drunk 喝醉了
get killed 丧命
get married 结婚
get excited 激动
38 Meet此处作“满足，适应”讲 。
meet the challenge 迎接挑战
meet the demand/ need 满足要求
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；维持生活
Unit 10
1 at a time “一次”
at one time: (过去)有个时期, 一度
at any time: 无论何时, 随时
2 attend t =give practical consideration to sb./sth.
3 With which to buy Jim a present
4 worthy of + sth/ being done
5 two possessions of
6 take pride in为……感到自豪= be proud of
7 do up: fasten a coat/skirt with buttons/a zip精心打扮、整理、梳头
8 Down flowed the brown cascade. = The brown cascade flowed down.
9 search… for
10 turn… inside out
11 Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣都穿破了。
12 My shoes were worn out after a long trip.经过长时间的旅游，我得鞋破旧不堪。
I was worn out （=tired out）after a long trip.
13 let down vt. 使失望 to disappoint
14 turn down 拒绝
15 let alone 不干涉；不碰 let down 放下；降低；使…失望 let go 放开；释放；发射 let in 让…进入；放…出来 let off 放(炮)；开(枪)；宽恕 let out 放掉(水等)，发出 let up 减小；(雨等)渐渐停止
16. double the watch chain.对折表链
17. be burdened with加以……重担
18. fix one’s eyes upon ; stare at注视；凝视
19. have one’s hair cut剪掉头发
20. live through Christmas度过圣诞节；
21. be good to sb对某人好
22. make a mistake about. 对……误解
23. in the way of……这一类东西;在……方面
24. tear at撕开；扯开
25.a set of combs一套梳子
26. at length最后；终于
27.put away把……放一边
Unit 11
1.for the sake of sb./ sth. = for sb’s/sth’s sake 由于，为了… …的利益
2 accomplish one’s aim, accomplish a task达到目的，完成任务
3 His parents have great expectations for his future. 他父母对他的前途深寄厚望。
4 as with = as it is with “就像…一样”。
5 keep an eye on固定用法，意为“留心看着，照料某人（某事物）”
6 congratulate祝贺;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
7.stick with sb./sth.和某人/某物保持密切关系 ; 继续，坚持，保持
be stuck with sth./sb.被…缠住 stick out伸出，坚持到底，忍下去
stick to坚持，尊循 stick up竖立，向上突出
8.through thick and thin不顾艰难; 同甘共苦; 祸福与共
9. suspect sth./+clause怀疑/以为… suspect sb. to be… 怀疑/以为某人是…
suspect sb. of sth./doing sth怀疑某人做…
10. what if 倘使…将会怎样？即使…又有什么要紧 , 尽管…又有什么关系
含if的短语
only if 只有 if only要是…就好了 as if 好像
11. for the sake of=for one’s sake为了…，由于,看在…的份上
12.attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在另一物上 将某物与另一物相联系
13. as with=as to =as for就…而言，至于…
14. keep an eye on=keep one’s eye on 密切注意，看守，看管，留神
一些与有关的短语
have an eye for 对…有鉴赏眼光 shut/close one’s eyes to 不理会，闭眼不见
get the eye 引人注目 catch one’s eyes 引起注意
by all eyes 聚精会神地 keep an eye out for 当心
keep an eye on 盯着
15. take into account = take into consideration= take account of 对…加以考虑, 顾及
16.have sb./sth.in mind 在想…,计划… bear/keep sb./sth. In mind记住,记…在心里
have…on one’s mind 把…挂在心上
17 congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth
18. live up to 不辜负
19. make the most of =make the best use of 最好/最大限度地利用
make use of 利用,使用 make good/full use of 好好利用,充分利用
20. shame
What a shame!遗憾的事，可惜 shameful可耻的 shameless不要脸的
ashamed羞耻，惭愧 I’m ashamed to do sty 不好意思做某事
shame的一些搭配:
feel shame (at/for) 感到羞耻 put…to shame 使感到羞耻,使蒙羞
bring shame on sb. 给某人带来耻辱
What a shame to do sth. What a shame that…
It’s a shame (that)… It’s a shame to do sth.
21.hands-on: practical亲身实践的，实习的 have hands-on experience
22.accommodate sth to sth 适应，迁就，迎合
Unit 12
1. drop out 弃权，不参加
drop out of 退出，辍学
drop in on sb, 拜访
drop in at sp, 拜访
drop off 走掉
drop by 随便访问
drop down 倒下，风停
2. distribute distribution 散发，分配，分发。
Eg, The teacher distribute books to the students.
They distributed the lands among the peasants.
3. result in 导致/产生某种作用或结果
result from 由…造成，因…产生
lead to 导致，造成，引起
lie in/exist in 在于
His failure his laziness (lies in/results from)
His laziness his failure. (leads to /results in)
4. evident: obvious, 明确的，明白的，清楚的
evidence n.证据，物证
give evidence against/ for sb.提出对…不利/有利的证据
call sb in evidence 给某人做证
eg, It is evident that he has committed a crime.
5. concentrate on sb./sth : focus on 集中，全神贯注
be impressed in
be absorbed in
pay all attention to
eg, I cannot concentrate on my studies with all that nose going on.
6. donate vt. “捐赠” “ 赠送” donate sth to sb
eg, Last year he donated$1000 to cancer research.
7. select/choose/elect 辨析
8. be similar to 与。。。相似 My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
9. It is reported that 据报道。。。
类似的句型还有：it is said/ believed/hoped/announced that …
10. make a commitment to do 承诺
Commitment n. 承诺；约定；约束责任；承担义务 , 献身，投入（常与to sb/sth连用）
He doesn't want to get married because he is afraid of any commitments. "他不想结婚,因为他害怕承担任何责任。"
11.face to face 面对面地
in the face of 不顾；面对，在…前面
He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 尽管有巨大的困难，但他成功了。
Be faced with 面临
I realized that Hamlet was faced with an entirely different problem.
我意识到Hamlet面临着完全不同的问题。
The state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes.
国家面临紧迫的问题，收新税。
12. to begin with （插入语）首先
类似词组有：to start with; to tell the truth; to be honest; to be frank; to make things worse
13. be skeptical of 怀疑 skeptical adj. ~ (about / of sth)
I am skeptical about his chances of winning. 我怀疑他取胜的可能性。
7. attach importance to ….认为。。。很重要 ~ importance, significance, value, weight, etc. (to sth) I attach great importance to this research.
14. drop out 退学 1 退出，脱离2 退学，辍学
He has dropped out of active politics. 他已经不再积极参政了。
A word that has dropped out of the language 该语言中已经废弃的一个词。
15. be willing /unwilling to do （不）愿意。（不）乐意
16. mean 想要，意思是；
What did she mean by leaving so early (= why did she do it)?
Don’t laugh! I mean it (= I am serious).
I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean to.
You’re meant to (= you are supposed to) pay before you go in.
[常用被动] ~ sb for sth| ~ sb to be sth （想要某人成为，想要某人去做）
I was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier). 我根本就不是块当兵的料。
[vn to inf] His father meant him to be an engineer. 他父亲想让他当工程师。
She did everything to get the two of them together, but I guess it just wasn’t meant to be.她极力撮合他两个，但我觉得那根本不可能。
By all means可以，当然行，没问题
‘Do you mind if I have a look?’ ‘By all means.’借我看一眼行吗？当然可以。
by means of sth (formal) 借助。。。手段，依靠。。。方法。
The load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。
By no means 绝不，一点也不
By no means are these cases exceptional. 这些例子绝不是例外。
17. distribute 分发，分配，分销，使散开，使分布；分散~ sth (to / among sb/sth)
The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims. 这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品和毯子。
The newspaper is distributed free. 这份报纸免费分发。
The money was distributed among schools in the area. 这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
18. spread out 分散 伸展身体，摊开东西
There’s more room to spread out in first class. 头等舱宽敞些，伸得开腿。
Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa？你就非得躺下，把整个大沙发全占了才行吗？
The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人员分散开来，好更快搜索这一地区。
20. as far as
as far as the eye can / could see 极目所尽
The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。
as far as I know | as far as I can remember, see, tell, etc. 就我所知道，尽我所记得的，依我看。
As far as I can see, you’ve done nothing wrong. 依我看，你没有做错任何事。
She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember. 据我所记得的，她过去住在Chicago。
as / so far as sb/sth is concerned |就。。。而言
As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
21. available 可获得的，可找到的，有空的
Tickets are available free of charge from the school. 学校有免费票。
Will she be available this afternoon? 今天下午她有空吗？
22. rely on /upon 依赖； 依靠
He can’t be relied on to tell the truth.
Unit 13
1. The novel The Moonstone is set in (以。。。为背景)England in 1848, but the story really began 50 years earlier.
2 be cursed受到诅咒
3 In an act of revenge 想作为报复
4 do sth. in/ out of revenge for 报复性地/出于报复做某事
5 going wrong/go blind/ mad/ wild…
6 to a degree/ to the highest degree/ to a high degree
7 to what degree到何种程度
8 pass on his bad fortune to her 把不幸传给她
9 Franklin, who is a smoker, is very considerate towards (对。。。体贴)Rachel.
10 in love with sb.
11 be stubborn in doing sth.固执，
12 keep sb out of trouble 使某人免除麻烦
13 protect。。。from。。。保护。。。免遭。。。
14 suffer from lack of sleep遭到失眠的痛苦
15 Desperate for money 极需要钱
16 I am embarrassed to admit that I made many mistakes in this investigation。
17 loss of face 失去面子
Unit 14
1.get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…”
hold a conversation/meeting 进行交谈/开会 hold the line = hold on 别挂电话
hold … back 阻止… hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
2. tell the truth“说实话 ，tell的相关类似短语有：
tell a/the lie = tell lies 撒谎 tell a story 讲故事
3. You are going to hear an interview with a woman who works in a zoo。
你将听到对一位在动物园工作的妇女的采访报道。
interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。
The film star agreed to give an interview after the wedding.这位影星同意在婚礼后接受采访。
Your interview for the job is tomorrow你的求职面试定在明天
interview “采访”,要区别与cover的用法。interview 可以用interview sb. 或interview sth.但cover只能说cover sth.
cover除了“采访”的意思外还有“用……遮盖；覆盖”“占有…（面积）;掩饰”
“涉及…（内容）”等含义。
cover作名词，作“盖子”、“封面”解。
4.What’s the problem with the animals at the zoo? 动物园里的动物有什么问题？
What’s the problem with…=What’s the trouble with…=What’s the matter with…
=What's your problem?=What's wrong with you? 都用来询问“…（你）怎么回事？”
5.The two teams take turns speaking. 两支队伍轮流发言。
take turns doing sth. “轮流干…”，turn是名词。
复习turn的用法
作名词用
It’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事It's your turn to make a decision.该你来做出决定了。
turn one’s turn to do sth=do sth in turn=do sth by turns
作名词用：转动,转向,翻转
turn right/left=turn to the right/left
turn to sth./sb.(for help) turn to page 84 作系动词用：变得……turn green/yellow 变绿/黄了Ten years later，he turned teacher.A./ B.a C.an D.the注: 此题考查turn作连系动词的特殊用法,即turn作连系动词时后接表语名词，省略冠词.所以此题的答案为A.如果turn 后加into 则须在名词前加冠词a.固定词组:
turn against背叛 turn down 关小/拒绝 turn from side to side 把身体转来转去 turn in 上交 turn...into... (使……)成为…… turn off(水源、煤气、电灯等)/避开(问题等) turn on 开(水、煤气、 电灯、无线电等)/对……发怒 turn on the radio turn out结果是/证明是/生产出 turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安 turn up 开大/出现/找到/证明是(=turn out to be)
6.When all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate.
当所有队伍都准备好以后,老师就开始为辩论计时.
time是动词，＂计时＂的意思，还有“安排好时间,使合拍子;安排……的速度＂
课文部分
1. the amazing ways
amaze vt. 使惊愕；使大为惊讶：
He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。
amazing “令人惊异的”；
You’re amazing. 你真了不起。
It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。
2.In order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour. 为了把蜜蜂区分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑．
tell...apart 识别，辨别 (复习)
tell A from B 把A与B区别开
Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能把汤姆和他的双胞胎哥哥区别开吗？
4.over and over again=again and again=time and time again=over and over一再地，经常地，重复地
5. One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees.一个靠近蜂箱,另一个远离蜂箱,几棵大树之外.
beyond prep（复习）
①在……那边，越过（场所）
The house is beyond the bridge.房屋在桥的那边。
②（指时间）超出，晚于
Don’t stay out beyond 10 o’clock.不要在外边停留到10点钟还不回家。
③超出，为……所不能及（程度）
The watch is beyond repair . 手表无法修理了
This problem is far beyond me /my comprehension 这个问题超出了我的能力/理解力
6.come to light 发现，暴露
When the old woman died，it came to light that she was actually very rich.
老太太死后，人们发现她其实很富有。
7.compare A with B 把A与B比较一下（复习）
Compare British English with American English，and you can tell the differences between them.
把美国英语与英国英语比较一下，你就会发现它们之间的不同点。
compare A to B把A比作B
compared to...=compared with...与……比起来
Compared to/with the earth，the sun is much bigger.与地球比起来，太阳要大得多。
8.come up
①前进，进来
My mother came up to me and held my hands tightly.母亲走向前紧紧地抓住我的手。
②上升
The sun came up at that time.那时太阳已升起来了。
He has stayed underwater for 2 minutes，but he hasn’t come up yet.
他在水下呆了2分钟了，还没上来。
③长出，发芽
These seeds haven’t come up yet.这些种子还没有发芽。
④被提出讨论
The question came up at the meeting yesterday.这个问题在昨天的会议上被提出来了。
⑤与come有关的短语：
come about发生； come across 碰见，受欢迎； come at袭击；
come down下降，流传 come out with 说出，透漏； come to oneself苏醒
9.include vt.（复习）
包括，包含
Your duty includes putting the baby to the bed.你的职责包括让孩子上床睡觉。
There are five chapters in this book，including two chapters written by our teacher.
这本书有5章，包括由我们老师写的两章。
Everyone will go to the cinema，Lao Xiao included.每个人都要去电影院，包括老肖。
10.apparent 明显的,显而易见的;明白无误的 [(+to)][+that] It was apparent that he was in no condition to travel. 他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。 11.So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况。
come to light 暴露,真相大白
12.adequate adj.能满足需要(量)的,足够的[(+for)][+to-v] Martin thought that he had no adequate proof.马丁认为他没有充足的证据。
Is your salary adequate to support your family ?你的薪水足够养家吗？
13.changeable adj. 易变的;不定的 His temper’s been changeable this week, so don’t annoy him.
这星期他脾气变化无常,所以不要惹他生气。
14.Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. 冯·弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远.
assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定；
①assume that…
We assumed that you understood the situation.我们认为，你了解形势。
Unit 15
1． on the annual International Volunteers Day 在每年的国际志愿者日
2． increasing numbers of 不断增长的数量
3． make a contribution to sth。
4． make a difference to sb。/sth。对。。。有作用/影响
5． Being a volunteer brings many personal benefits。
6． an elderly gentleman 一位年长的老先生
7． give sb。 Some assistance
8． enjoy having company 喜欢与人作伴
9． He feels more energetic and optimistic。
10． Mr Zhao‘s enthusiasm has inspired Lu Hao to concentrate more on history lessons and his grades have improved a great deal。
11． apply for
12． do something worthwhile 做一些值得做的事
13． Education is essential to poverty relief。教育是摆脱贫困的关键。
14． Twenty-two of us went without food for 30 hours。
15． Coming to another country to study requires a big adjustment and it takes a while to fit in。 I used to feel lonely and homesick at times。
16． handle the pressure of studying 解决学习压力
17． the motivation to succeed 成功的动力
18． become confident and mature 变得自信和成熟
19． Cowboys had a reputation for living wild and free。
20． dream of
21． approve of 同意
22． in style 在款式上
23． It seems likely that。。。
Unit 16
1． a professional football player 一个职业球员
2． score goals 进球
3． in front of thousands of cheering fans场在成千上万个球迷面前
4． attend training sessions with a London club 参加London俱乐部培训班
5． at the age of sixteen
6． David’s career took off. David的事业腾飞.
7． It was the beginning of an extraordinary career.
8． accomplish one’s aim 达到目的
9． achieve one’s ambition 实现雄心壮志
10．have a vacant job 有空名额
11．most importantly 最重要的
12．It is not just what they do with their feet that counts.
13．talented boys and girls
14．at weekends生在周末
15．a paid member of staff 领薪金的职员
16．go to college 上大学
17．from this point on 从此以后
18．throughout the world/all over the world
19．have the opportunity to do…有机会
20．in one’s spare time 在业余时间
21． make a good impression 留下好印象
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