09年中考复习英语学习常见错误一览表
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09年中考复习英语学习常见错误一览表

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时间:2020-12-23

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中学生英语学习常见错误一览表? A? a ? [误] I think it is an useful English dictionary.? [正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.? [析] 在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是:an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如useful,university等,其第一个音标是[j],所以要特别予以注意。? [误] I need a hour to finish this letter.? [正] I need an hour to finish this letter.? [析] 要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音。? [误] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.? [正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.? [析] 要注意以u打头的单词,它的发音为[?]时,单数名词前要用an,如uncle等。 [误] There is a "f" in the word "football".? [正] There is an "f" in the word "football".? [析] 英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.? [误] I have a little brother. He is a 8?year?old boy.? [正] I have a little brother. He is an 8?year?old boy.? [析] 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eight, eleven等。 ? able ? [误] This bike is able to be repaired.? [正] This bike can be repaired.? [析] be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为"有本领"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事,如:I'm able to swim across this river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired here.? about ? [误] This class is about to begin just now.? [正] This class is about to begin.? [析] 要注意be about to 是"将要"的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to. ? about on ? about与on都可以作"关于"讲,但却有所不同,例如:This book is about physics. 应译为"这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。"而:This book is on physics.则应译为"这是一本物理学方面的专著。"? above ? [误] The temperature is five degrees over zero.? [正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.? [析] 表达"在……上方"时,above与over是可以互换的,如:The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon.? [误] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.? [正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.? [析] 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.? [误] There is a bridge above the river.? [正] There is a bridge over the river.? [析] 用来表达"从……上方越过"时不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为"在桥的上游有一个瀑布。"? across ? [误] He ran across the wood.? [正] He ran through the wood.? [析] across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square. across ? across的主要用法有两个。其一,意为"对面",如:There is a school just across the street. 其二,意为"横过",如:He walked across the street.? afraid ? [误] I dont't afraid of him.? [正] I am not afraid of him.? [析] 要注意"害怕"afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。? after ? [误] Two weeks after he left.? [正] Two weeks later he left.? [正] He left after two weeks.? [析] 要表达"在多少时间之后",英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three hours.? [误] My father will be back after a few hours.? [正] My father will be back in a few hours.? [析] 受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。? after behind ? after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示"追赶",表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达"迟于",如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.? afternoon ? [误] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.? [正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.? [析] 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?? against ? [误] He against me.? [正] He is against me.? [析] 要注意against意为"反对",但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如:He is against somebody/something.? against for ? against意为"反对"、"不赞成";而for则意为"同意",为其反意词。如:Are you for or ??against? the plan?? age ? [误] He is twenty years old of age.? [正] He is twenty.? [正] He is twenty years old.? [正] He is at the age of twenty.? ago ? [误] Tom's father has been dead five years ago.? [正] Tom's father died five years ago.? [析] ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用。? [误] Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.? [正] Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.? [析] 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不影响主句的时态。? agree ? [误] Does the teacher agree to us?? [正] Does the teacher agree with us?? [误] Does he agree with our plan?? [正] Does he agree with us?? [析] agree with 指"同意某人的提议、建议、计划"等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan?? all ? [误] The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.? [正] The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.? [析] all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指"两者都"。? [误] The all children are playing football now.? [正] All the children are playing football now.? [析] all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词,或代词的所有格。? [误] You all are right.? [正] You are all right.? [析] all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助动词之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.? almost ? [误] Nearly nobody thinks he is right.? [正] Almost nobody thinks he is right.? [析] nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。? alone ? [误] The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.? [正] The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.? [析] alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。? already ? [误] We are already for the work.? [正] We are all ready for the work.? [析] already 是副词,其意为"已经",如:He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为"准备好"。? already yet ? already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.? also ? [误] I didn't find the dictionary also.? [正] I didn't find the dictionary either.? [析] 作为"也"讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.? also too ? also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.? always ? [误] Always he asked himself why he had come here.? [正] He always asked himself why he had come here.? [析] always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:I've always thought he is honest. 又如:He is always late.? among ? [误] If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive? [正] If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive? [析] among常用于三个事物或人物之间,而between则多用于两者之间。? an ? [误] This is an useful dictionary.? [正] This is a useful dictionary.? [析] 详见a条。? and ? [误] He did not speak loudly and clearly.? [正] He did not speak loudly nor clearly.? [误] Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.? [正] Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.? [析] "和"这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or angry ? [误] My mother was angry to me.? [正] My mother was angry with me.? [误] He was angry with what I said.? [正] He was angry at what I said.? [析] 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示"对某人生气不满"时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something.? another ? [误] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.? [正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.? [析] 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:another作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。一般在句中作定语,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:"I want to play baskball."another said:"I want to play football."?other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的,别的"。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me. ? answer ? [误] Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.? [正] Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.? [析] answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.? any ? [误] Do you have some questions?? [正] Do you have any questions?? [析] some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。? [误] China is larger than any other countries in Asia.? [正] China is larger than any other country in Asia.? [析] 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。?China? is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.? [误] Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.? [正] Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.? [析] anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人 也可以指物。? around ? [误] The nine planets go around of the sun.? [正] The nine planets go around the sun.? [析] around后面不要再加介词,如:The sun shines all around us.? around round ? 作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)? arrive ? [误] I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.? [正] I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.? [正] I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.? [误] He arrived in the school at 11∶00.? [正] He arrived at the school at 11∶00.? [析] arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.? arrive reach get ? arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York?? as ? [误] This man works in the bank for a manager.? [正] This man works in the bank as a manager.? [析] as与for有时是可以通用的。如:This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.? [误] My brother is so taller as Tom.? [正] My brother is as tall as Tom.? [析] as… as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级,而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如:He is not so tall as Tom. [误] I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.? [正] I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.? [析] as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。? ask ? [误] The student asked a question to the teacher.? [正] The student asked the teacher a question.? [析] ask应接双宾语,即ask somebody something.? [误] They asked some books.? [正] They asked for some books.? [析] 向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.? asleep ? [误] He is deeply asleep.? [正] He is fast asleep.? [析] 要讲"熟睡",就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外, 在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.), fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)? at ? [误] It will really do you no harm quite.? [正] It will really do you no harm at all.? [析] at all和quite的汉语意思均为"全然"、"确定的",但at all适用于否定句,例如:? -I'm sorry. I'm late.? -No trouble at all. ? 又如:I don't think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.? [误] The children play football for lunch.? [正] The children play football at lunch.? [析] 英语中的at lunch为"在吃午饭时"。这种惯用法还有at work(在工作),at table(在吃饭),at desk(在学习)。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.? [误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.? [正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.? [析] at the corner是指墙外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.? at in on ? 在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是,in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on, 如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.?   B? back ? [误] I'm sorry. I have to back home.? [正] I'm sorry. I have to go back home.? [正] I'm sorry. I have to go home.? [析] back用作"回到(某处)"之意,不是动词。? be ? [误] Where do you from?? [正] Where are you from?? [析] "你从何处来"应为Where are you from?或Where do you come from? 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问"你是从什么地方来?"应讲Where did you come from? 回答用I came from the library.? beat ? [误] We have won your class.? [正] We have beaten your class.? [正] We have won the game.? [析] win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:Which team won the football match? 而beat指打败对手、敌人……如:My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是,beat的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。? [误] The ball beat me badly.? [正] The ball hit me badly.? [误] He used to hit the little boy black and blue.? [正] He used to beat the little boy black and blue.? [析] beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。? beautiful ? [误] He is a beautiful boy.? [正] He is a handsome boy.? [析] 我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.? because ? [误] The reason why I was late is because I was ill.? [正] The reason why I was late is that I was ill.? [误] Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.? [正] Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.? [析] 这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。例如:Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者:We study hard so we passed the exam easily.? because because of ? because后要接从句,例如:We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名词作介词宾语,如:He is not at school because of the illness.? before ? [误] We have two hours to kill before we will go home.? [正] We have two hours to kill before we go home.? [析] kill time意为"消磨时光"。? 英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:If it rains we will not go to the park. [误] I did this work two days before.? [正] I did this work two days ago.? [析] 用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:I has done this work a few days before.? before long long before ? before long是"不久"之意,例如:I shall go to America before long. 而long before则是"很久很久"之意,如:We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)? begin ? [误] The meeting will begin from Monday.? [正] The meeting will begin on Monday.? [误] The film has begun for ten minutes.? [正] The film has been on for ten minutes.? [析] begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:The film has begun. 这句话是对的,即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即"上演了10分钟"。? begin start ? begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:How old wern you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:The student began to understand his mistakes.? [误] They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.? [正] They study hard in the class from beginning to end.? [析] from beginning to end是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.? behind ? [误] He missed the class because he was behind the time.? [正] He missed the class because he was behind time.? [析] behind time一短语意为"晚了",而behind the times意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词,如Come out from behind the door(介词). He's a long way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).? below ? [误] What's that below the chair.? [正] What's that under the chair.? [析] under意为"正下方",而below意为"比……低",或指"在下游"。如:There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over,如:There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.? beside ? [误] The students stood besides the teacher.? [正] The students stood beside the teacher.? [误] I study English beside Chinese.? [正] I study English besides Chinese.? [析] beside意为"在……旁边",而besides是"除……以外(还如何)"。? beside by near ? beside意为"在……旁",如:There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意,如:She is standing by the window. near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:There is a post office near our school.? better ? [误] You had better to do it at home.? [正] You had better do it at home.? [误] You hadn't better wake me up at six.? [正] You had better not wake me up at six.? [析] had better在肯定句中为"应该作某事",其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用had better+not+动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为'd,如:You'd better not. 又如: ?Let's? go first. No, we'd better not.? between ? [误] Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.? [正] Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.? [析] 两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.? [误] You must choose between this club or that club.? [正] You must choose between this club and that club.? [析] 在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…,而不能用between…or….? big ? [误] There was a big rain last night.? [正] There was a heavy rain last night.? [析] 大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain. ? bit ? [误] He is a bit fool. ? [正] He is a bit of a fool.? [析] a bit可以作程度副词,与a little相同,但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit,如:I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit, (一点儿也不。)又如:? -Do you mind if I open the door?? -Not a bit. ? black ? [误] The children became black after swimming in the sea.? [正] The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.? [析] 因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark.? [误] The girl has black eyes and black hair.? [正] The girl has dark eyes and black hair.? [析] 英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。? [误] The Europeans like red tea.? [正] The Europeans like black tea.? [析] 红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有:black and blue(鼻青脸肿,青一块紫一块);black?and?white(黑白电视片)。go black意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";look black意为"情况不妙,前景暗淡"。如:After the fight he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and black?and?white for others.? body ? [误] Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.? [正] Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.? [析] 中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。? borrow ? [误] May I lend some books from the library?? [正] May I borrow some books from the library?? [误] How long can I borrow it?? [正] How long can I keep it?? [析] 英语中有三个词都可译为"借",但意义各不相同如:"借入"是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如:The students want to borrow some books from the library. "借出"用lend,即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如:Could you lend us your dictionary?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与how long等疑问词连用,如:You can keep it for three days.? born (bear的过去分词)? [误] I born in Shanghai.? [正] I was born in Shanghai.? [误] He was born from Greek parents.? [正] He was born of Greek parents.? [析] "出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of,例如:He was born of a poor family. both ? [误] They both are students.? [正] They are both students.? [误] They refuse both to answer this question.? [正] They both refuse to answer this question.? [析] both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。 [误] I know his both parents.? [正] I know both his parents.? [误] The both brothers were students.? [正] Both the brothers were students.? [正] Both brothers were students.? [析] 当both与形容词性物主代词my, his, her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。? [误] Both of my parents are not at home.? [正] Neither of my parents are at home.? [误] Both of your answers are not right.? [正] Neither of your answers is right.? [正] Both your answers are wrong.? [析] both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能将两本书全给你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)? bring ? [误] Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.? [正] Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.? [误] Next time, please take your little sister here.? [正] Next time, please bring your little sister here.? [析] 英语中bring是"带来",而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch, 表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。如:Please fetch the doctor at once.? business ? [误] My father went to Shanghai for business.? [正] My father went to Shanghai on business.? [析] on business出差? busy ? [误] The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.? [正] The students were very busy preparing for the exam.? [析] be busy doing something为"忙于作某事"? [误] The students were busy for the exam.? [正] The students were busy with the exam.? [析] busy直接接名词时应用with.? but ? [误] He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.? [正] He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.? [误] She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.? [正] She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.? [析] couldn't help其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。" ? buy ? [误] I have bought this dictionary for three years.? [正] I have had this dictionary for three years.? [析] buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。? by ? [误] The boy shot the cat by a gun.? [正] The boy shot the cat with a gun.? [误] He came to school by a taxi this morning.? [正] He came to school by taxi this morning.? [析] 作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:"我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为:We came here in his car this morning.?与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:by the way顺便说说;by hand手工制作;by oneself独自地;by no means决不。?   C call ? [误] I'll call at Mr Brown.? [正] I'll call on Mr Brown.? [误] I'll call on Mr Brown's home.? [正] I'll call at Mr Brown's home.? [析] 作"拜访"讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。 ? call on drop in visit ? call on比较正式的为公务的访问,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:If you're free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:My school's headmaster will visit America next week.? can ? [误] A blind man can not judge colours.? [正] A blind man cannot judge colours.? [误] I cann't call for you at ten.? [正] I can't call for you at ten.? [析] can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.? [误] It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.? [正] It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.? [析] must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用can't, 要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法,如:The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"?can't?+have+过去分词",如:I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.? [误] We could not help to laugh at once.? [正] We could not help laughing at once.? [正] We could not help but laugh at once.? [析] "couldn't help+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.? can be able to ? can与be able to都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,be able to则可用任何时态,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 2?10 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。? can could ? can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story? care ? [误] I don't care coffee.? [正] I don't care for coffee.? [误] Take care for your steps.? [正] Take care of your steps.? [析] care for是"对某物感兴趣",而care of是"关心,要当心某事",如:She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.? [误] I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.? [正] I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.? [析] 在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:I've got a football in case we have time for a game.? change ? [误] I want to change my camera with that one.? [正] I want to change my camera for that one.? [析] change for为"以某物为交换物"。而change with则是"随……而变",如:The wood's colour changed with the season.? cheap ? [误] A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.? [正] A teacher's salary is generally very low.? [析] 工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如:This car is not expensive.? choose ? [误] We each had to have a choose of A or B.? [正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.? [析] choice是名词,而choose是动词。? class ? [误] The class is watching TV.? [正] The class are watching TV.? [析] class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:The class was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:The class are, in general, very bright.? clean ? [误] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.? [正] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.? [析] clean可以作为副词讲,其意为"完全",而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地",如:The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的",如:Her face is not clean now.? clever ? [误] I'm not clever in English.? [正] I'm not clever at English.? [析] clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。? close ? [误] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.? [正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.? [析] 这里的close是动词,意为"关闭",而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。? [误] Come closely so that I can see you.? [正] Come close so that I can see you.? [误] Good teaching and good testing are close related.? [正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.? [析] close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是"靠近"、"接近"之意,而closely则是"紧密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。? [误] My school was quite close from my home.? [正] My school was quite close to my home.? [析] "与……接近"是close to…,例如:? He was close to fifty.? There is a bus?stop close to the station.? close shut turn ? shut与close是同义词,如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。? cloth ? [误] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.? [正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.? [误] I need a lot of clothing.? I'm going to make a new cloth. ? [正] I need a lot of cloth.? I'm going to make a new dress. ? [析] cloth是"布"、"布料",没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,"一套衣服"要讲a suit of clothes, 如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.?英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(学生套装),a working dress(工作服)。? coffee ? [误] Please give me two waters.? [正] Please give me two coffees.? [正] Please give me two cups of water.? [析] 虽然coffee, water, tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.? colour(color) ? [误] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.? [正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.? [析] 中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色",若译为英文Colours of flowers are…,就显得重复了。? [误] I like green colour.? [正] I like green.? [正] I like colour green.? [析] colour green中的colour是green的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。? come ? [误] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.? [正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.? [析] come across是"偶然碰见、遇见",要直接加宾语,如:I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.? [误] Where do you come from?? I come from the station. ? [正] Where did you come from?? I came from the station. ? [正] Where do you come from?? I come from China. ? [析] Where do you come from?意为"你是什么地方的人?"?而Where did you come from?则是"你从何处来?" ? [误] The stars are coming out from the cloud.? [正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.? [析] come out of意为"从……地方出来"。? come in come into enter ? come in与come into的意义相同,但come into后面要加宾语,而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.? enter常作为及物动词使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.? congratulate ? [误] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.? [正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.? [析] 动词congratulate somebody on something是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:I offered him my congratulations on his success. 又如:Congratulations!? cook ? [误] My father is a good cooker.? [正] My father is a good cook.? [析] 很多动词加上?er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如work?worker,teach?teacher. 但cook即是动词"做饭",同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。? corner ? [误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.? [正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.? [误] A girl sat at the corner of the room.? [正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.? [析] in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the corner of the building.? cost ? [误] I cost ten dollars for the book.? [正] I spent ten dollars on the book.? [误] I cost two hours to do my homework.? [正] It took me two hours to do my homework.? [析] cost, spend. take都可以作"花费"讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱",如:The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing something",如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或"somebody+spend+金钱+on something",如:I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+to do something", 如:It took me an hour to clean the classroom.? country ? [误] You can find cows in a country.? [正] You can find cows in the country.? [析] country即可作"国家"讲,也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。例如:? [误] Farmers live in the countries.? [正] Farmers live in the country.? [析] 但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:the state farm(国营农场)。? cross ? [误] There are traffic lights at the cross.? [正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.? [析] cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:Red Cross(红十字会)。? [误] The little boy is going to across the street.? [正] The little boy is going to cross the street.? [析] across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。? cross pass ? cross是指横过某地,如:He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.? crowd ? [误] The room soon was crowded by people.? [正] The room soon was crowded with people.? [析] crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:The room was crowded with books.? cup ? [误] A silver glass was given to the winner.? [正] A silver cup was given to the winner.? [误] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.? [正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.? [析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.? D? dance ? [误] We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.? [正] We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.? [正] We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.? [正] We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)? date ? [误] He studied ten hours a date.? [正] He studied ten hours a day.? [析] date是指具体日期。如问What's the date today? 应回答具体日期:"October 1st 1998."而day是指1日(24小时)。如What day is today? 问的是星期几,应回答"It's Sunday." [误] Today's date is January first. 1998.? [正] Today's date is January 1, 1998.? [正] Today's date is January 1st, 1998.? [析] 在日期书写中不要用序数词全写,而要用1st, 2nd, 3rd……如果一定要用序数词,其顺序应为:It is the first of January.? day ? [误] This is a book about every day English.? [正] This is a book about everyday English.? [正] This is an everyday English book.? [误] We go to school everyday.? [正] We go to school every day.? [析] everyday是形容词,意为"日常的",而every day则是"每天"、"天天"之意。? dead ? [误] My father has died for ten years.? [正] My father has been dead for ten years.? [析] die是瞬间动词,它可以用于完成时,如:My father has died. 但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它也可以用于过去时,如:My father died three years ago [误] We'll always remember the deads who were killed in the war.? [正] We'll always remember the dead who were killed in the war.? [析] 形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人,如the rich(富人),the sick(病人),the poor(穷人),其后的谓语动词要用复数,如:The rich are not always happy.? dead deadly ? dead在某些词组里是"完全"、"的确"的意思,如dead right, dead tired, dead sure。而deadly则是"致命的",如:The rich man had many deadly enemies. 又如:Cancer is a deadly disease. ? dead died ? dead是形容词,如:Mrs Ginty was dead. 而died是动词die的过去式及过去分词,如:She died in 1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是pass away, 如:My father passed away, this morning.? deer ? [误] In the zoo, there are many deers.? [正] In the zoo, there are many deer.? [析] deer是单、复数同形的词,如:one deer,two deer,这样的名词还有fish,sheep等。但如果讲There are many fishes here. 这句话应译为"这里有许多种鱼类。"而不应译为"这里有很多鱼。"? desk ? [误] The boy sat in his desk.? [正] The boy sat at his desk.? [析] 在课桌旁坐着应用介词at, 而at desk 则应译为"在学习",at table应译为"在吃饭"。? die ? [误] In South Africa many people died from cancer.? [正] In South Africa many people died of cancer.? [误] The old man died of overwork.? [正] The old man died from overwork.? [析] 死于疾病应用die of,而死于某种外因事故则多用from.? [误] His mother is died.? [正] His mother is dead.? [误] The old woman was dead at the age of seventy.? [正] The old woman died at the age of seventy.? [析] dead是形容词,而die是动词。形容词表示状态,动词则表示动作。? [误] He died in a traffic accident.? [正] He was killed in a traffic accident.? [析] 由于事故而造成的死亡一般用to be killed.? [误] When the doctor came,the old man had already died.? [正] When the doctor came,the old man was already dead.? [正] The old man died before the doctor came.? different ? [误] My room is different with yours.? [正] My room is different from yours.? [误] The village is very different with what it was.? [正] The village is very different from what it was.? [析] different from是"与……不同"之意。? difficult ? [误] English is very difficult to be learned.? [正] English is very difficult to learn.? [误] He learned physics is difficult.? [正] It is very difficult for him to learn physics.? [析] 要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。It is difficult for somebody to do something.为"对于某人来说做某事很困难。"? difficulty ? [误] There was little difficulty to find him.? [正] There was little difficulty in finding him.? [析] 这种用法还有trouble, 即difficulty (trouble) in doing something. dinner ? [误] When did you have the supper?? [正] When did you have supper?? [析] 英语中一日三餐前无冠词,例如:? [误] I had a lunch at 12 o'clock.? [正] I had lunch at 12 o'clock.? [析] 在某些特定场合,如指某次宴会,则要加冠词,如:The dinner was given in honour of the guest.? dress ? [误] My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.? [正] My father bought a new suit for himself yesterday.? [析] 一般来讲男套装用suit,女服则用dress;作男服的服装店是tailor shop (tailor's), 而做女装的服装店是dressmaker's.? [误] The mother dressed the clothes on her child.? [正] The mother dressed her child.? [析] dress作及物动词当"穿衣服"讲时,其后不能接衣服而只能接人,如:The boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时,则多用其过去分词作形容词,如:He is not dressed in his new suit.或She is dressed in red. 词组dress up是过节日时应服装整齐,如:They dressed up for the holiday. dress have on put on wear ? 要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是have on和wear,如:He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. 而put on则表示穿衣的动作,如:Put on your coat,it is cold outside.而dress即可以作状态又可以作动作,作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服,作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如:I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.? drop ? [误] The students fell their voice.? [正] The students dropped their voice.? [析] drop与fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意,有时可以互换,如:The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop还可以作及物动词,而fall一般只能作不及物动词。? [误] I shall drop in you.? [正] I shall drop in on you.? [析] drop in是随便拜访某人,而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。? during ? [误] During I was sick,I couldn't eat well.? [正] While I was sick,I couldn't eat well.? [析] during后不能接从句,而when和while后可接从句。? [误] I have been studying English during three days.? [正] I have been studying English for three days.? [析] during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间,而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时,不能用完成时。?   E ? each ? [误] Every of them has his habit.? [正] Each of them has his habit.? [析] each可以作形容词,但也可作代词,而every只能作形容词。? [误] The manager comes to America almost each month.? [正] The manager comes to America almost every month.? [析] each与every都作形容词讲时,都有"每个"之意,但有不同。each多指个体,而every则多指整体。如:We want every student to succeed. each不同来表达总体概念,所以不能与almost, nearly, likely等词连用。? [误] We each has a book.? [正] We each have a book.? [析] each 作同位语时,其数应与其同位的名词相同,而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。 ? each other one another ? each other与one another这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调each other是两者之间,而one another是多者之间,其实不然,如:All students must care for each other, must love and help each other. 事实上这两个词组是同义的,如果要讲有什么区别的话,当我们非常笼统地谈,而不特指什么人时,多用one another.? early ? [误] Could you come here more early?? [正] Could you come here earlier?? [析] 单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用?er和?est来作其结尾,如fast, soon, early, hard, long, near等。? earth ? [误] What on the earth do you mean?? [正] What on earth do you mean?? [析] on earth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气,其意为"究竟"、"到底"。而作为"地球"讲时则要加定冠词,如:How far is the earth from the moon. 而作为"泥土"讲时则为不可数名词,如:He filled the pot with earth and wanted to plant some flowers.? easy ? [误] You can easy imagine my surprise.? [正] You can easily imagine my surprise.? [析] easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词,如take it easy (不要紧张),go easy, stand easy等。 例如:Easy come, easy go. (钱来的容易花的也快. )Easier said than done. (说的容易做着难。) ? east ? [误] Japan is on the east of China.? [正] Japan is to the east of China.? [析] 在讲述地理位置时,有3个介词常用,它们是in, on和to, 其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内,如:Shanghai is in the east of China. on则表示双方接壤,如:North Korea is on the northeast of China. 而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to, 如:Taiwan is to the east of Fujian.? either ? [误] -I don't like opera. ?-I don't like too. ? [正] -I don't like opera. ?-I don't like either. ? [析] 在否定句中用either表示"也",而在肯定句中用too表示"也"。? [误] Either you or I are right.? [正] Either you or I am right.? [析] 这在语法书中被称作就近原则,即哪个主语离谓语动词近,则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词,相同用法的还有neither…nor…,not only…but also…,以及or在连接两个主语时。如:You or he is to go home. The others will have to stay in the classroom.? elder ? [误] My older brother has gone to Shanghai.? [正] My elder brother has gone to Shanghai.? [析] 在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示"哥哥姐姐",如:my elder sister 姐姐,但表示岁数时则多用older,如:She is two years older than I.? empty ? [误] Are these seats empty?? [正] Are these seats taken?? [析] empty是指空洞的没有任何物体,如:The house was empty, 其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用take.? English ? [误] My sister studied English language very well.? [正] My sister studied the English language very well.? [正] My sister studied English very well.? [析] 在泛指某一种学科时,不应加冠词,如:I like history.但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词,如:He likes the history of America.? enjoy ? [误] I enjoy to play football.? [正] I enjoy playing football.? [析] enjoy后要接动名词,而不接不定式。? [误] Did you enjoy at the English evening?? [正] Did you enjoy yourself at the English evening?? enough ? [误] I'm sorry. You are not studying enough carefully.? [正] I'm sorry. You are not studying carefully enough.? [析] enough要用在形容词或副词之后。? [误] Do you have enough of money?? [正] Do you have enough money?? [正] Do you have enough of the money?? [误] The coffee isn't enough.? [正] There isn't enough coffee.? [析] enough可以作be动词的表语,但其主语应是代词,如:That's enough. It was ?enough.? 如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。? entrance ? [误] The entrance of the cinema is on your right.? [正] The entrance to the cinema is on your right.? [析] 在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有key to the door, answer to the question等。? evening ? [误] I walked home in a cold evening.? [正] I walked home on a cold evening.? [析] in the evening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.? everyone ? [误] Everyone of you goes to class.? [正] Every one of you goes to class.? [析] everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲"每一个人都没有注意到它",就译作:Nobody noticed it. 要注意Every one of us is not right. 应译为"我们不都对。"而None of us are right. 才应译为"我们全错了。"? exam ? [误] We take part in an exam.? [正] We take an exam.? [析] take part in为"参加"某种活动,运动,而在学科中选择某一学科学习并进行考试应用take.? except ? [误] The room is clean except two desks.? [正] The room is clean except for two desks.? [误] I come here every day except for Sunday.? [正] I come here every day except Sunday.? [析] 在同一类物体中排除某一部分用except, 在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用except for。而except that其后接从句,如:She is a good girl except that she is careless sometimes. ?而besides则是"包括在内",如"我学习英语同时还学法语。"应译为:I study English besides French.? exercise ? [误] The students exercise spoken English in the morning.? [正] The students practise spoken English in the morning.? [析] exercise多指运动、训练,而practise则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习。? [误] Everyone should do exercises every day.? [正] Everyone should do exercise every day.? [析] 作为运动讲exercise是不可数名词,而当"练习"、"体操"、"早操"则是可数名词,例如:I do a lot exercises in the P.E. class.? F? fail ? [误] Tom failed his exam.? [正] Tom failed in his exam.? [正] Tom failed to pass the exam.? [析] fail为不及物动词,其后可用in加名词,或直接接不定式。? family ? [误] I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.? [误] I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's family is waiting for me.? [正] I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.? [析] family是集合名词,把它当作整体看它是单数,如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数。如:Your family are very kind to me. My family is very large.? far ? [误] My school is ten miles far from here.? [正] My school is ten miles away from here.? [析] far一般不与实际距离连用。? [误] "Did you walk far?" ?"Yes,I walked far." ? [正] "Did you walk far?" ?"Yes, I walked a long way." ? [析] 一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语,而用a long way.far组成的常用词组有:as far as. ①远至,一直到。如:He walked as far as the station. ②就……而言。如:As far as he was concerned these books were very good. ③只要。如:I can help you as far as I can.? so for到目前为止。例:He is very well so far.? farther further ? far有两个比较级,即farther和further,其意思略有不同:farther主要用于表示距离的远近,如:Milan is farther away than Rome. 而further则是指"进一步的",如:Will we need any further discussion on this matter.? fast ? [误] A fast train runs fastly.? [正] A fast train runs fast.? [析] fast其形容词与副词形式相同。? fast soon ? fast指行动本身的速度快,如:The foreigner speaks too fast. 而soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短,时间到来的迅速,如:She will come soon.? feel ? [误] I feel badly about my mistakes.? [正] I feel bad about my mistakes.? [析] 感观动词如feel, smell等后面要接形容词而不是副词。feel good是指某人精神好,而feel well是指人身体状况良好。? [误] I try not to hurt her feeling.? [正] I try not to hurt her feelings.? [析] feeling在作"感情"讲时要用复数,而作"感觉"讲则要用单数。如:I have a feeling that we will win the game.? few ? [误] Few of them is very good.? [正] Few of them are very good.? [析] few意为"几乎没有",但要用复数谓语动词。如果讲有一些人应用a few, 如:There were only a few people in the street.? [误] There are less farms than there used to be.? [正] There are fewer farms than there used to be.? [析] few的比较级为fewer,其后接可数名词;而little的 比较级为less,其后接不可数名词。? field ? [误] He is a famous scientist on the field of physics.? [正] He is a famous scientist in the field of physics.? [析] in the field是"在田野上"或是"在某一学科领域内",而on the field则多指"在战场上"。如:He lost his life on the battle field.? fill ? [误] She filled orange into my glass.? [正] She filled my glass with orange.? [析] 表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用fill with词组,如:The boy ran back home filled with joy.? fill full ? fill是动词,但有及物与不及物两种用法,当表示"充满"之意时是不及物动词,应用fill with,如:The little girl's eyes filled with tears. 而当表示"使……装满某物"时,是及物动词,如:He filled his pocket with books. 而be filled with应看作系表结构,如:The boy's mother was filled with anger. full是形容词,要用be full of这一词组,如:The boy was full of joy.? find ? [误] He has finded his lost bike.? [正] He has found his lost bike.? [析] find是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词均是found。但found一词又意为"建立",它是规则动词,其过去式及过去分词均为founded.? [误] It is very difficult to look for a suitable job.? [正] It is very difficult to find a suitable job.? [析] look for为"寻找",而find是找到。寻找工作并不难,难的应是找到合适的工作。? find find out ? find out意为"找出、算出、发现",如:I have found out how to do it. 而find的主要侧重点在找到某物,如:I find my book under the desk.? finish ? [误] I finished to read that book last night.? [正] I finished reading that book last night.? [析] 英文中有些动词其后只能用动名词作宾语而不能用不定式作宾语,这样的动词在中考范围内有两个,即finish和enjoy。? fire ? [误] There's no smoke without a fire.? [正] There's no smoke without fire.? [析] 此句应译为中文"无风不起浪"。fire作为物质名词"火"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"炉火"、"火灾"讲则是可数名词,如:There was a fire in the next street last month. 如要讲"着火了"要用be on fire, 如:The factory was on fire.? [误] The man fired to us.? [正] The man fired at us.? [析] fire (on) at均指"向某目标开火",at用于较小目标,而on用于较大目标。? first ? [误] Is this your firstly visit to Beijing?? [正] Is this your first visit to Beijing?? [析] 除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly一词外,这个词已不多见,而均被first取代。first还有"首先"、"首次"、"第一次"之意。 ? follow ? [误] I received a letter which ran as follow.? [正] I received a letter which ran as follows.? [析] as follows是惯用法,其意为"如下",不论在任何场合均要用follows.? [误] As follows are his arguments.? [正] The following are his arguments.? [析] as follows主要用于句尾,而the following则用于句首。? food ? [误] Too much sweet food, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight.? [正] Too many foods, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight. [析] food泛指食物时为不可数名词,如:There is no food for supper. 而指一种种食物时则用作可数名词。? foot ? [误] There is a five?feet?wide bridge.? [正] There is a five?foot?wide bridge.? [析] 用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。? [误] We went to college on feet.? [正] We went to college on foot.? [析] by后面加接交通工具时,不应加任何冠词,不要用名词的复数形式。如加了某些修饰词后,其前面的介词要作适当的改变,如:I came to school in his car yesterday. I go to shool on a train.? for ? [误] I wanted to go to the pub for having a drink.? [正] I wanted to go to the pub for a drink.? [正] I wanted to go to the pub to have a drink.? [析] 用for表示目的时,其后面只能接名词,而不要接动名词。? [误] I went to the office for seeing the headmaster.? [正] I went to the office to see the headmaster.? [析] 用不定式来表示动作的目的。? [误] I will leave Beijing to Shanghai.? [正] I will leave Beijing for Shanghai.? [正] I will leave for Shanghai.? [析] leave for为一固定搭配,不要改动。? [误] I bought a book to you.? [正] I bought a book for you.? [误] He is a friend for us.? [正] He is a friend to us.? [析] 在英文中"为"一词在泛指时用to, 在特指时要用for.? [误] This food is good to us.? [正] This food is good for us.? [析] 词组be good (bad) for 表示"对……有好(坏)处"。? [误] For I was feeling quite hungry, I wanted to have lunch.? [正] I wanted to have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.? [析] for作为"因为"讲时一般不要置于句首,而且口气也比because弱的多。? forget ? [误] I left my key.? [正] I left my key at home.? [正] I forgot my key.? [析] leave是"丢下"之意,所以一定要接地点状语,而forget是"忘记",所以不用接地点状语。? [误] I will not forget the rules.? [正] I will never forget the rules.? [误] Please don't forget posting my letter on your way home.? [正] Please don't forget to post my letter on your way home.? [析] 要注意forget to do something为"忘了去作某事",而forget doing something则应译为"对已经作过的事记不起来了"。如:He forget returning the book to the library. 应译为"他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。"同样用法的词还有remember和regret.? free ? [误] You can speak free in front of my parents.? [正] You can speak freely in front of my parents.? [析] free作为副词时意为"免费"、"不必付款",如:You can eat free in my restaurant. 而freely则意为"自由地"、"无限制地"。? French ? [误] She comes from French.? [正] She comes from France.? [析] French是"法语"、"法国的",而France才是"法国"。 ? friend ? [误] He nodded to me friendly.? [正] He nodded to me in a friendly fashion.? [析] friendly是形容词,不是副词。在英语中应避免讲He is a friend of my mother. 又比如:I go to school with my friend. 从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法。而应讲He is a friend of my mother's. I go to school with a friend. be friends with 则是"交朋友"之意,例如:I hope you will be friends with me. 而不应讲I hope you will be my friend. 交朋友还有一惯用法是make friends.? from ? [误] Where do you come from??I come from the library. ? [正] Where do you come from??I come from England. ? [正] Where did you come from??I came from the library. ? [析] Where do you come from?应意为"你是从什么国家(地方)来的?"(即意为"你是哪的人?")而Where did you come from? 才是"你刚刚从哪来?"? front ? [误] There are three tall trees in the front of my house.? [正] There are three tall trees in front of my house.? [析] in front of是某物体外部的前面,而in the front of是在某物体内部的前面。如:The bus driver is seated in the front of the bus.?   G? game ? [误] He went to America to take part in the Olympic Game.? [正] He went to America to take part in the Olympic Games.? [析] game作为"运动会"讲时应用其复数形式,而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如:Our school team won the game.? German ? [误] They are Germen.? [正] They are Germans.? [误] She comes from German.? [正] She comes from Germany.? [析] German是"德国人"、"德国的"、"德语",其复数形式是Germans;而Germany才是德国。? gather ? [误] All the students and teachers are gathered together now.? [正] All the students and teachers are gathered now.? [析] 用了动词gather就不要再用together了。这句话还可以这样讲:All the students and teachers got together.? give ? [误] She gives up to look for the lost bike.? [正] She gives up looking for the lost bike.? [析] give up意为"放弃",其后只接动名词作介词宾语,而不应接不定式。 ? glad ? [误] His parents were very glad for his success in business.? [正] His parents were very glad of his success in business.? [正] His parents were very glad to know his success in business.? [析] "为……感到高兴"应是be glad of something或be glad to do something.? glass ? [误] The old teacher has two pair of big glass.? [正] The old teacher has two pairs of big glasses.? [析] glass作为"眼镜"讲,应用复数形式,在英语中手套gloves 裤子pants,剪刀scissors均用复数形式。glass作"玻璃杯"讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式,如:I want two glasses of milk. 而作为物质名词"玻璃"讲则要用作不可数名词,如:The boy broke two panes of glass.? go ? [误] -Mary, could you come to my home now??-Yes, I'm going. ? [正] -Mary, could you come to my home now?? -Yes, I'm coming. ? [析] go是指离开说话人所在地,而come指的是朝向说话人的方向:如:Come here!Can I come and help you?但在口语中也有一些例外,如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come, 如:We are going to have a party tonight. Would you like to come with us?? gone been ? He has gone to Shanghai. 指此人已去上海不在此地了。? He has been to Shanghai. 指此人去过上海现已回来了。? gold ? [误] She brushed her gold hair carefully.? [正] She brushed her golden hair carefully.? [析] gold作形容词指"金质的",如:a gold ring, a gold coin,而golden是"金色的",如:golden age(金色的时代),但"金鱼"例外,为gold fish。 ? good ? [误] I've been waiting for good twenty minutes.? [正] I've been waiting for a good twenty minutes.? [析] a good之意为"足足"、"整整"之意。? good well ? He is good. 应译为"他是个好人。"而He is well. 应译为"他身体不错。"I feel good. 即精神状态良好,而I feel well.即身体状况不错。? [误] This food is very good to you.? [正] This food is very good for you.? [析] be good for是"对……有利、有好处",而be good to是指"对待某人不错",如:Your friend is very good to me.? grade ? [误] -What grade are you in??-I'm in grade 1. ? [正] -What grade are you in??-I'm in Gread 1. ? [析] 当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写,当有具体数字时则要大写。? H? had better ? [误] You have better hurry.? [正] You had better hurry.? [析] had better只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。? [误] You hadn't better worry.? [正] You had better not worry.? [析] had better后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是"had better not+动词原形"。? half ? [误] I had driven about half mile.? [正] I had driven about half a mile.? [析] "半小时"有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而"一个半小时"应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours."半天"应讲half a day,"半镑"应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year,而应用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.? [误] Half us could go to the park.? [正] Half of us could go to the park.? [析] half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:More than half (of) my classmates are boys.? [误] One and half apples are left on the table.? [正] One and half apples is left on the table.? [析] 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。? [误] Half of the work are done.? [正] Half of the work is done.? [误] Half of the six apples is red.? [正] Half of the six apples are red.? [析] "half of+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。? hand ? [误] He shook hand with his teacher.? [正] He shook hands with his teacher.? [析] 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:change hands (转手、易手),in the hands of (由……控制),join hands (与人合作)。? happen ? [误] What was happened to you last month?? [正] What happened to you last month?? [误] An accident was happened in this street last night.? [正] An accident happened in this street last night.? [析] 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为"发生"讲的happen,take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.? hard ? [误] I have to study hardly.? [正] I have to study hard.? [析] hard是形容词,如:a hard work,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为"几乎不"。? [误] I had my leg broken last term, so I couldn't hardly study at all.? [正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.? [析] hardly意为"否定",所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.? have ? [误] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.? [正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.? [析] 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。? [误] I have my bike to repair.? [正] I have my bike repaired.? [析] have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)? [误] Could you give me some money if you have.? [正] Could you give me some money if you have any.? [析] "如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:I want some books if there is any.? headache ? [误] I've got headache.? [正] I've got a headache.? [析] Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:My mother often gets headaches. 但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomache?ache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:I've got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。? hear ? [误] He was heard sing in the next room.? [正] He was heard to sing in the next room.? [析] hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为:She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。? hear listen to ? hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listen to则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.? 但词组hear about (of)则为"听说过"之意,如:I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为"收到某人信件"之意:I often hear from my girl friend.? help ? [误] Please help my homework.? [正] Please help me do my homework.? [正] Please help me with my homework.? [析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为"帮某人作某事",但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:He help his mother cook the meal. 即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而He help me to do my homework. 则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。? [误] When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.? [正] When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.? [析] can't help doing something是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。? [误] Help yourself with some cakes.? [正] Help yourself to some cakes.? [析] 中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用help somebody to something.? here ? [误] Here the bus comes!? [正] Here comes the bus!? [析] 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Here we are!? high ? [误] He is very high.? [正] He is very tall.? [析] 英语中的两个"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。? hit ? [误] The mother got angry and hit the boy.? [正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.? [析] hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。? home ? [误] I'm tired. It's time I went to home.? [正] I'm tired. It's time I went home.? [析] home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了"在家"之意外,还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)? home house family ? home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲a letter from home,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Many new houses were built this year. family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:My family are all like swimming.? homgwork ? [误] I have so many homework to do today.? [正] I have so much homework go do today.? [析] homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词),fun,health information等。? hope ? [误] I hope you to be a good student.? [正] I hope you will be a good student.? [析] hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:I wish you to be a good student. [误] I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.? [正] I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.? [析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我认为你错了"。应译为:I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为I don't think so.或I hope not. ? [误] I hope your help.? [正] I hope for your help.? [析] hope for为"期望某事发生",虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用"hope for+名词"这一结构。? [误] I was hopeful to pass the exam.? [正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.? [析] 对某事存有希望应用"hopeful of (about)+介词宾语"这一结构。? hospital ? [误] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.? [正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.? [析] in hospital为"住院就医"。而in (at) the hospital 为"在医院(工作)"。如:He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:"上学"为go to school,at school为"在校就读",go to bed为"上床睡觉"。? how ? [误] I want to know how to do.? [正] I want to know how to do it.? [析] how 是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:I want to know what to do. [误] How do you think about it?? [正] What do you think about it?? [析] 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about…这一句式。? hurry ? [误] Let's hurry. There is a little time left.? [正] Let's hurry. There is little time left.? [误] Don't worry. There is little time left.? [正] Don't worry. There is a little time left.? [析] 请注意英语中的惯用法:"快点吧,没时间了",或"别着急还有一点时间。"? [误] The car is hurrying through the street.? [正] The car is rushing throught the street.? [析] hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。? hundred ? [误] There are two hundreds people here.? [正] There are two hundred people here.? [误] There are hundred of people here.? [正] There are hundreds of people here.? [析] hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加?s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundreds of是数百的,这一词组一定要加?s.? hurt ? [误] I don't want to wound her feelings.? [正] I don't want to hurt her feelings.? [析] wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。   I if ? [误] If it will rain I won't go to school tomorrow.? [正] If it rains I won't go to school tomorrow.? [析] 由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。? [误] I want to know if he comes here tomorrow.? [正] I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.? [析] if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。? [误] I want to know if it will rain tomorrow he will come or not.? [正] I want to know if it rains tomorrow he will come or not.? [析] 这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语,所以,还应用一般时表示将来。? ill ? [误] He spent many years looking after his ill father.? [正] He spent many years looking after his sick father.? [析] ill和sick都可以作表语,如: I'm ill (sick). 美国英语中常用sick, 而英国英语中两者都可用,但ill一般不作定语。? in ? [误] In a cold morning, I went to school alone.? [正] On a cold morning, I went to school alone.? [析] 在in the morning或in the afternoon词组中,不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词,其介词in都要变为on.? [误] I will finish it after two days.? [正] I will finish it in two days.? [析] 中文中几天以后可以完成,或几天后来取,在译为英文时都不要用after,而要用in.如: He will be back in a few days.? in into ? 作为副词应用in,而不能用into,如: Come in, please. 又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置,只是表达空间的位置时用in,如: The teacher in the office is my mother. 但在go, run, come, walk, dive等词后则要用into. 如: She dives into the river.? instead ? [误] The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.? [正] The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.? [析] instead of其后要接动名词、名词或代词,而不能用不定式,如: I choose this book instead of that one.? [误] The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.? [正] The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.? [析] instead是副词,而instead of是介词短语。如: If you are not free, you may come another day instead.? interest ? [误] He has a great interest for physics.? [正] He has a great interest in physics.? [误] He has some interest in many companies.? [正] He has some interests in many companies.? [析] interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词,但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。? [误] This is an interested book.? [正] This is an interesting book.? [析] 修饰物时应用interesting, 如,an interesting film,而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested,如: I'm interested in this play. 但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。应译为He is an interesting man. 所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意,而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣,多用"be interested in something"这一句型。? invent ? [误] America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.? [正] America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.? [析] invent意为"发明"即从无到有,如: Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为"发现"。? it ? [误] That takes me ten years to finish this work.? [正] It takes me ten years to finish this work.? [析] it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语,如: I think it difficult to learn English well.? J? join ? [误] Did you attend the football club?? [正] Did you join the football club?? [析] join经常用于参加某个团体、政党,并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场,而不一定进行具体活动,如: Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动,如: I take part in the football game. ? just ? [误] I have finished my work just now.? [正] I finished my work just now.? [析] just now意义"刚才",所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。? [误] Just I won the game.? [正] I just won the game.? [析] just单独使用时不应放在句首,而应放于① be动词之后,如: He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间。③ 用在第一助动词之后,如: I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时,如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如: Just then he saw the bus coming.? just justly ? just常用于三种含意: ① 恰好,如: It's just five o'clock. ② 仅仅,相当于only, 如: I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. ③ 不久前,如: I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意为"公正的",如: He was justly punished for his crimes.? K? keep ? [误] She was keeping something to her father.? [正] She was keeping something from her father.? [析] "对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keep something from somebody"句型。? [误] He kept to repeat the word again and again.? [正] He kept repeating the word again and again.? [析] keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中,如: When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中,如: He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar. [误] We must keep up the times.? [正] We must keep up with the times.? [析] 这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代",keep up with是"赶上"之意,而keep up则是"坚持下去"的意思,如: Keep it up, don't stop now!? key ? [误] I lost the key of the door.? [正] I lost the key to the door.? [析] 英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of,而key, entrance, answer则多用to,如:"门的钥匙"为key to the door, "高速公路入口"为entrance to the highway, "问题的答案"为the answer (key) to the question.? kind ? [误] This kind of books are not good.? [正] This kind of books is not good.? [析] kind在这种句式中应作为主语,如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。? kind sort type ? kind和sort为同义词,意为"种类",而type则为"型号",如: What type of this car do you want?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)? knock ? [误] Someone was knocking the door.? [正] Someone was knocking at the door.? [析] knock虽可以作及物动词,如: The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词: knock at (on) the door.? know ? [误] I want to know to play this game.? [正] I want to know how to play this game.? [析] 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如:I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.? know know of ? I know him.为"我很了解他。"而I know of him. 则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。? L ? large ? [误] He found a large number of mistake in his homework.? [正] He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.? [析] "a large number of + 复数名词",意为大量的。? last ? [误] This is the newest news.? [正] This is the latest news.? [析] "最新消息"应为latest news,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。? last the last ? [误] I saw my brother the last week.? [正] I saw my brother last week.? [析] 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词,the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如: That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如: I am busy for the last week.? late ? [误] Yesterday I went home lately.? [正] Yesterday I went home late.? [析] late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如: I haven't seen her lately.? late latter later lately ? late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲: See you later. (一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如: the former president(前总统)。又如: I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。?laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的。?laugh over 则指"笑着谈论"某事,如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影。)? lay ? [误] We lied on the beach.? [正] We lay on the beach.? [析] 英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是: ? lay (?vt?. 放) laid laid laying? lie(?vi?. 躺) lay lain cying? lie(?vi?. 说谎) lied lied lying? learn ? [误] The teacher said:"You must study this poem by heart."? [正] The teacher said:"You must learn this poem by heart."? [析] study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如: I'm studying at this college. 而learn…by heart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。? leave ? [误] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.? [正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.? [析] leave for一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。? leave forget ? [误] I've forgotten my homework at home.? [正] I've forgotten my homework.? [正] I've left my homework at home.? [析] 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.? lesson ? [误] I have two lessons of English.? [正] I have two English lessons.? [正] I have two lessons in English.? [析] "我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"I have two classes."?teach somebody a lesson 为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如: Let this thing teaches you a lesson.? lend ? [误] Please borrow me your bike.? [正] Please lend me your bike.? [析] borrow是指"借入",如: I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出",如: I can lend you my bike. 而keep为"借多久": 如 How long can I keep it?? less ? [误] He has fewer money than she has.? [正] He has less money than she has.? [析] less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。? let ? [误] The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.? [正] The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.? [析] 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。 [误] Let's go to the park, will you?? [正] Let's go to the park, shall we?? [误] Let us go to the park, shall we?? [正] Let us go to the park, will you?? [析] Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?? life ? [误] Many people lost their life in the Second World War.? [正] Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.? [析] life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如: Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如: Life is not all fun.? light ? [误] There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.? [正] There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.? [析] light有两个过去分词: lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词,如: The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词,如: The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词,如: The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如: This box is light. I like light blue.? like ? [误] My sister is very as me.? [正] My sister is very like me.? [析] as 作为连词其后要接从句,如: She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词,其后接宾语。? [误] Do you like swimming with me tonight.? [正] Would you like to swim with me tonight.? [析] like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如: I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如: I like swimming very much.? like alike ? 作为形容词,alike 一般不作定语,而只作表语,如; The twins are very alike.? [误] Would you like swimming with us?? [正] Would you like to swim with us?? [析] 在would you like…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。?like的用法还要注意以下两点: ① He likes Tom. 为"他喜欢汤姆。"② He is like Tom. 为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。? listen ? [误] You should hear the teahcer's advice.? [正] You should listen to the teacher's advice.? [析] hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如: We listen but hear nothing. 例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listen to someone's advice.? little ? [误] Don't worry, there is little time.? [正] Don't worry, there is a little time.? [误] There is a little water. Shall I get some?? [正] There is little water. Shall I get some?? [析] 要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。"? little small ? little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如: a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语,如: The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。? live ? [误] Tom lives with his parents' money.? [正] Tom lives on his parents' money.? [误] He lives on teaching.? [正] He lives by teaching.? [析] "靠吃某物为生"应用live on something, 而live by是"靠某种生活手段为生"。? living alive ? living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如: My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如: Is that cat alive or dead?? lonely ? [误] She wanted to do her homework lonely.? [正] She wanted to do her homework alone.? [析] lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的",如: The old man felt lonely. alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的",如: He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. ? long ? [误] I have been studying long for the exam.? [正] I have been studying for a long time for the exam.? [析] long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so, too, as…as连用外,一般要用for a long time.? [误] I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.? [正] I'll call you as long as the book is returned.? [析] as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。? [误] How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.? [正] How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.? [析] 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用how often. ? look ? look for find ? look for 侧重于 "寻找"这个动作,如: What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果,如: It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for,因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。? 其他用法还有:? [例] He often looks back on his high?school days.? [析] look back on something 为"回顾"、"回想"。? [例] I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.? [析] look down on (upon) 为"看不起"某人或某事。? [误] I'm looking forward to see you.? [正] I'm looking forward to seeing you.? [析] look forward to词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。? lot ? [误] I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.? [正] I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.? [析] much money多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用a lot of.?lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。? [误] He is more happier now.? [正] He is a lot happier now.? [析] 不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。? loud loudly ? 这两个词含意相同,在日常用语中loud多与talk,speak, shout, laugh等动词连用,如:Don't speak so loud, you'll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.? loud aloud ? loud多指把声音放大,而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如:?-What did you say??-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. (我只不过自言自语。)? M? make ? [误] The little boy was made repeat the whole story.? [正] The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.? [误] The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.? [正] The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.? [析] make 的句型为"make somebody do (doing) something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。? [误] I always do this mistake.? [正] I always make this mistake.? [析] 英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词,do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时,如: do a favour(帮个忙),do one's best(竭尽全力),do good(有益), do harm(有害),而多数情况下常用make, 如: make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed(收拾床),make a noise, make money等等。? [误] This wine was made of grapes.? [正] This wine was made from grapes.? [析] 当成品制成后,其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from,否则用make of, 如: This door was made of iron.? [误] Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.? [正] Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.? [析] make up是"创造"、"编织",而make up for是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"? [误] We made up our mind to study hard.? [正] We made up our minds to study hard.? [析] mind这里是可数名词,使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是"下定决心"之意。? [误] Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.? [正] Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.? [析] make up of…是"某物由……组成或构成"。? many ? [误] I have many friends.? [正] I have a lot of friends.? [析] many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中,而在肯定句中则用处不多,尤其在非正式谈话中。如:? -How much money have you got?? -I've got plenty.? [误] You bought much too tomatoes.? [正] You bought too many tomatoes.? [析] too many后接可数名词,too much后接不可数名词,而much too后面接形容词,意为"太多"。? [误] For many a weeks it rained a lot.? [正] For many a week it rained a lot.? [析] many a意为"好多"、"许多",但其后面要加单数名词 。? matter ? [误] No matter what you did.? [正] No matter what you did, I trusted you.? [析] No matter是个词组,意为"不论",它的语法功能是起连接作用,所以不能用于一个单独的句子。? it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组,所以可以和一个单句连用,如: It ?doesn't? mater what you say. (你说什么都不要紧。)? maybe ? [误] May be he is right.? [正] Maybe he is right.? [析] maybe是副词,不要错用为may be.? maybe perhaps ? 这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如: Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而?Julius Caesar? is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.? mend ? [误] I want to have my bike mended.? [正] I want to have my bike repaired.? [析] mend意为"缝补",如: My mother mended my coat. 而repair是"修理"。? mind ? [误] Could you mind to close the door?? [正] Could you mind closing the door?? [误] Try to make up your mind studying hard.? [正] Try to make up your mind to study hard.? [析] mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为"下定决心"时,其后要加不定式。 ?要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语: 如果你不介意,应回答"No, go ahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲"Yes, please don't."? miss ? [误] I found my bag missed.? [正] I found my bag missing.? [析] missing为形容词,其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed,它作动词时多为及物动词,要接名词或动名词,而不接不定式。如: I missed the first train, I don't want to miss seeing the famous football player.?在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing, gone, lost等,如: I found my bag missing (gone, lost).? mistake ? [误] I took your pen by wrong.? [正] I took your pen by mistake.? [析] by mistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误",而by mistake为"弄混了"。如:? [误] If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown.? [正] If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown. (如果我没弄错的话,您是Brown先生。) [误] The teachers always mistook me as my brother.? [正] The teachers always mistook me for my brother.? [析] mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意,如: I took your book for mine.? more ? [误] This book is more better than that one.? [正] This book is much better than that one.? [析] 不能用比较级来修饰比较级,而应用much, rather等来修饰比较级。? [误] More you read, more you learn.? [正] The more you read, the more you learn.? [析] 在"越……越……的"表达法中,形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意more than one这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如: More than one student is going to do part time job after school.? no more than not morethan ? no more than应译为"只不过"、"才",如: He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正写了三本书。而not more than则意为"不会多于",如: He wrote not more than three books. 即他写的书不会多于三本。又如: He is no shorter than you. 应译为"你和他都不矮",而He is not shorter than you. 才应译为"他比你高。"? most ? [误] Most of students are good at English.? [正] Most of the students are good at English.? [正] Most students are good at English.? [析] most of这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。? [误] My friends are most teachers.? [正] My friends are mostly teachers.? [析] mostly意为"大部分的","主要的"。? much ? [误] The boy was asleep very much.? [正] The boy was fast asleep.? [析] 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如fast asleep意为"熟睡",则是固定搭配。像interesting, exciting, surprising这些形容词化的现在分词,以及tired, interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。? must ? [误] He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.? [正] He must be in the office, and can't go home.? [析] must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形。? [误] It must have rained now.? [正] It must have rained yesterday.? [析] "must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如: I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.? must have to ? must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如I must stop smoking. 其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如: I have to go to school tomorrow.?must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如: When I was young, I had to go to the factory.?在否定句中mustn't意为:一定不要做某事,如: You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to则多意为没有必要去做,如: You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用needn't 来取代haven't to.? myself ? [误] I can't play ping?pong myself.? [正] I can't play ping?pong by myself.? [析] 第一句并无语法错误,myself为"我亲自要去",而by myself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而I want to play ping?pong myself. 应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"?   N? name ? [误] She was named of a flower.? [正] She was named after a flower.? [析] 以……命名应为name after,又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom.? near ? [误] We came near to hit him.? [正] We came near to hitting him.? [析] 这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"near to这一用法中to为介词,其后要接宾语,所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to,如: I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.? by near ? We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的,但其表达的意义有所不同,by在表达距离时比near更近,所以by the city是紧靠近某城市。? need ? [误] This room needs to clean.? [正] This room needs to be cleaned.? [正] This room needs cleaning.? [析] 在表达某事需要做什么时,need后面如用不定式要用其被动态,如接动名词则要用主动态。? [误] We need not to do it.? [正] We needn't do it.? [析] need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词,所以无人称变化也不加to,而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词,如: We need your help.? neither ? [误] None of my parents is a teacher.? [正] Neither of my parents is a teacher.? [析] 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况。? [误] I don't do my homework. Neither he does.? [正] I don't do my homework. Neither does he.? [析] 这时应用倒装句。? [误] Neither you nor I are right.? [正] Neither you nor I am right.? [析] neither…nor… 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。? [误] Neither he studies nor plays.? [正] Neither does he study nor play.? [析] neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时,谓语动词采用倒装形式。 ? never ? [误] Never I have broken my word.? [正] Never have I broken my word.? [析] never用于句首时起强调作用,要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面,如: I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中,如: Better late than never. (晚做比不做强。)never mind没关系,如: "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."? news ? [误] There are many news about the accident.? [正] There is much news about the accident.? [析] news是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,如果讲一条新闻要用a piece of news. newspaper ? [误] I read the news on today's newspaper.? [正] I read the news in today's newspaper.? [析] 在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in,而on the newspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上,如: May I put the flower on this newspaper?? night ? [误] I came home very late yesterday night.? [正] I came home very late last night.? [析] "昨晚"一般要讲last night,而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterday morning等套用。? no none ? no是个限定词,它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前,如: No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no,而要用none of,如None of the students was here.? no not ? 要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我们用not,如: I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no,如Sorry, there is no time to talk.? No one none ? no one与nobody一样不能接of结构,如: No one wished me good luck. 而要用of结构时要用none, 如: None of my friends wished me good luck.? nor ? [误] I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.? [正] I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.? [析] 注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词,而要用nor,并且要用倒装语序。 ? not ? [误] The students went to the park, but no the teachers.? [正] The students went to the park, but not the teachers.? [析] 要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not, 而不用no.? [误] There is no my letter today.? [正] There is no letter for me today.? [析] no是一个限定词,用在名词前时,要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。? [误] He not only was a writer but also an actor.? [正] He was not only a writer but also an actor.? [析] 在这一句型中not only之后的词与but also之后的词类必须一致,否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置,则谓语动词要与but also后面的主语保持一致,如: Not only you but also I am wrong.? nothing ? [误] Nothing but books were sold here.? [正] Nothing but books was sold here.? [析] 要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books,所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。 [误] I have nothing to do but to cry.? [正] I have nothing to do but cry.? [析] 在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。? number ? [误] A number of news can be heard on TV today.? [正] A lot of news can be heard on TV today.? [析] a number of后接可数名词复数。? [误] The number of students are ten thousand.? [正] The number of students is ten thousand.? [析] a number of 其意为"大量的",而the number of…是"某某的数量"。即the number of students意为"学生人数",所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。? O? o'clock ? [误] It's ten past five o'clock.? [正] It's ten past five.? [析] o'clock所表达的时间是正点,如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用o'clock.? once ? [误] Please come and see me once.? [正] Please come and see me one day.? [析] once用来谈论过去的事情,而不能谈论未来。如果要谈及未来要用one day, some time等。? [误] I met him one time when I was a student.? [正] I met him once when I was a student.? [析] 英语中一次应用once而不用one time,二次要用twice而不用two times.? one ? [误] My grandfather wants to live for hundred years.? [正] My grandfather wants to live for one hundred years.? [误] He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy new one.? [正] He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy a new one.? [误] His dog is bigger than my one.? [正] His dog is bigger than mine.? [析] 一般物主代词之后不用one,除非one前有修饰词,如my old one, 否则要用名词性物主代词。? [误] One of the teacher is in the office.? [误] One of the teachers are in the office.? [正] One of the teachers is in the office.? [析] One是句子的主语,其谓语动词应用单数,而of后面的名词要用复数名词。? [误] One third of the books is sent to the students.? [正] One third of the books are sent to the students.? [析] 几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置,其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致,如Two thirds of the work is done.? open ? [误] Are the banks opened today?? [正] Are the banks open today?? [析] 要注意open即可用作动词、名词,还可以用作形容词,而close则不同。请看: Are the banks closed today?这一句是正确的。? or ? [误] He doesn't drink and smoke.? [正] He doesn't drink or smoke.? [析] 否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.? [误] He neither drinks or smokes.? [正] He neither drinks nor smokes.? other ? [误] Where are the others students?? [正] Where are the other students?? [正] Where are the others?? [析] other作形容词时没有复数形式,且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词,如: Ask some other eople. 而加定冠词后为特指。 the other可在句中作主语、宾语或定语,如: Now let me show you the other. (宾语) He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a teacher. (主语) others 只能作代词,而the others则为特指,如: There are five books. Two of them are not good. I like the others.? out ? [误] She went out the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.? [正] She went out of the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.? [析] out of是指"从……里出来",使用时不要将of丢掉。?   P? paper ? [误] Please give me two letter papers.? [正] Please give me two sheets of letter paper.? [析] paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。? [误] Each student must write paper on what he learned.? [正] Each student must write a paper on what he learned.? [析] 这里的paper作为论文讲,是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。 parent ? [误] My parents and I are both interested in football. [正] My parents and I are all interested in football.? [析] parents即为父母、双亲,指两个人,加上自己为三个人,所以只能用all而不能用both.? pass ? [误] The ship pasted the channel.? [正] The ship passed the channel.? [析] pass为动词,而past则为副词,不要混淆,如: My father has been ill for the past two weeks. All the students passed the exam.? pay ? [误] Please help me do this job, and I will pay for you later.? [正] Please help me do this job and I will pay you later.? [析] 为某工作付给工人工资应为pay somebody, 而pay for something是为某物付款,如: You can buy all the things you want. I'll pay for those.? people ? [误] There are five hundred peoples here.? [正] There are five hundred people here.? [误] There is only one people.? [正] There is only one person.? [误] People there is friendly.? [正] People there are friendly.? [析] people作为人讲时为复数名词,如要讲一个人应用one person, 而不能用people, 讲若干人时用people而不能加s,这样的用法还有police(警察)等,这些概念用单数时要换其他的词. 如: people-a person; police-policeman policewoman; youth-a young man/woman.? picture ? [误] There are some spots in the picture.? [正] There are some spots on the picture.? [误] There is a young woman on the picture.? [正] There is a young woman in the picture.? [析] 指溅落在画面上的灰尘,污物是on the picture,即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on,而in the picture用于讲画面的内容。? pity ? [误] What pity that her mother must always suffer!? [正] What a pity that her mother must always suffer!? [析] pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词;但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词,为不可数名词,如: I feel pity for you. 它还可以用作动词,如: He pitied the poor people.? [误] I have pity for you.? [正] I have pity on you.? [析] 可怜某人时应用have (take) pity on somebody,这是个惯用法。? place ? [误] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to another.? [正] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to place (from one place to another).? [析] 到处译为英文时为from place to place请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法,如:一户挨一户为door by door,手拉手为hand in hand.? [误] The accident was taken place in that street.? [正] The accident took place in that street.? [析] take place为发生,它不能用于被动态,这样的词还有happen等。? [误] There is no place in the bus.? [正] There is no room in the bus.? [析] room这里为不可数名词,意为空间,即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。 [误] I came here to take place of Mr Smith.? [正] I came here to take the place of Mr Smith.? [析] take the place of 意为代替、取代某人某事。 ? play ? [误] Do you want to play guitar?? [正] Do you want to play the guitar?? [误] I like to play the bridge.? [正] I like to play bridge(桥牌).? [析] play作为玩讲时,在各种乐器前要加冠词,在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。? please ? [误] My friend pleased me to his birthday party yesterday.? [正] My friend invited me to his birthday party yesterday.? [析] please作为动词时其词义不是请,而是高兴、愿意等意,如: She always does what she pleases. (她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如: It's hard to please all. 而please作为请讲时为语气词,多用于祈使句中,如: Please come in.? [误] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased to the little girl.? [正] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased with the little girl.? [析] 对某人表示满意、喜欢,应用be pleased with somebody. 对某事感到高兴和满意时多用be pleased at或about,但有时也可用with,却不能用of.? pleasure ? [误] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasures.? [正] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasure.? [析] pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐 讲时为不可数名词。? [误] It is pleasure to work with you.? [正] It is a pleasure to work with you.? [析] pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为 可数名词,如: It is one of my pleasures.? police ? [误] The police has not found the cause of the accident. [正] The police have not found the cause of the accident. [析] police为复数名词,它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察 要用a policeman,两个要用two policemen,或a policewoman, two policewomen.? prepare ? [误] I'm preparing the exam.? [正] I'm preparing for the exam.? [误] We'll return in time for you to prepare for dinner. [正] We'll return in time for you to prepare dinner.? [析] prepare既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。作及物动词时 其后面所跟的事物是正在 准备的;而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如: I'm preparing for the exam. 应 译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与search for.? present ? [误] Don't worry. I can present the meeting.? [正] Don't worry. I can be present at the meeting.? [析] present作为出席、在场讲时,是形容词而不应 用作动词。其动词意为 送给;赠给;提出,如: The reporter presented arguments of his idea. ? put ? [误] She put off her red dress and put on the green one. [正] She took off her red dress and put on the green on e.? [析] 与put连用的介词很多,一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意 义的介词,如: turn on (打开),turn off(关上),穿衣服是put on,但脱衣服却只能用take off,而put o ff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意,如: They put off the exam because t he national holiday. (因国家假日而推迟考期。)Could you put me off at the Town Ha ll. (请在市政厅让我下车。)Please put off the wireless before you leave. (走之前 请关掉无线电。)? R ? radio ? [误] There are two radioes in the classroom.? [正] There are two radios in the classroom.? [误] I heard the weather report through the radio.? [正] I heard the weather report on the radio.? [析] 在收音机中听到某事应为hear something on the ra dio,听收音机应为l isten to the radio. 这样的用法还有电视,看电视为watch TV,讲在电视上看见什 么节目为watch…on TV,如: I'm watching the football match on TV. 但注意,作为 一种通信手段时应为by radio, 如: Police are talking to each other by radio.? rain ? [误] There is a small rain falling.? [正] There is a light rain falling.? [误] There is a big rain.? [正] There is a heavy rain.? [析] 大雨在英文中应为a heavy rain, rain cats and do gs 为倾盆大雨,小雨 为a light rain. 千万不要讲a big rain 或a small rain. 当作动词讲时,雨下得很 大可译为: It rains very much now/hard now/heavily now.? reach ? [误] We reached to the town very late.? [正] We reached the town very late.? [析] reach作为到达讲是及物动词,而arrive为不及物动 词。但要注意reach的词组 搭配,如reach for, 为伸手去拿,如: The thief reached for the gun. reach ou t伸出手,如: He reached out and took an interesting book.? ready ? [误] You must ready at once.? [正] You must be ready at once.? [析] ready为形容词,而不像中文中准备为动词。? remember ? [误] I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief c ame into the room directly.? [正] I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.? [析] remember其后接动名词,动名词所表示的动作已经做完, 如: I don't remember meeting you. 其后如接不定式,不定式表达的动作还没有去做,如: Do remember to tur n off the light before you leave.? rest ? [误] The rest of the students is girls.? [正] The rest of the students are girls.? [析] rest作剩余部分讲时,the rest of…结构作主语时 其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3 of, 80% of等。? [误] The rest of the work are done.? [正] The rest of the work is done.? return ? [误] My friends returned back to their second home town .? [正] My friends returned to their second home town.? [析] return即为返回,所以back是多余的。这句话还可以 表述为: My friends went back to their second home town.? rice ? [误] We had a few rice and some bread.? [正] We had a little rice and some bread.? [析] rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。? rice ? [误] We had a few rice and some bread.? [正] We had a little rice and some bread.? [析] rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。? rich ? [误] The country is rich of oil.? [正] The country is rich in oil.? [析] be rich in 为盛产……。? [误] The rich is not always happy.? [正] The rich are not always happy.? [析] 形容词加定冠词表示一类人,作主语时要作复数看待。? [误] All his riches is no good to him if he is so ill. [正] All his riches are no good to him if he is so ill. [析] riches为财富,是复数名词,没有单数形式。像这 样的词还有goods(货物),greens(青菜),manners(礼貌)等。? river [误] We like swimming on the river.? [正] We like swimming in the river.? [误] We like boating in the river.? [正] We like boating on the river.? [析] 游泳用in the river,而在湖中划船要用on the river. room [误] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make a room for her.? [正] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make room for her.? [析] room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leave room for… 为给某人留点空地; make room for…为让位给某人,如: The young man made room for an old woman. ? run ? [误] I ran across with an old friend at the school gate .? [正] I ran across an old friend at the school gate.? [析] run across 为偶然相遇。? [误] The truck ran across the cat.? [正] The truck ran over the cat.? [析] run over为从……上辗过。? [误] Yesterday I ran to a storm on my way home.? [正] Yesterday I ran into a storm on my way home.? [析] run into为撞上或撞在……上。? S ? safe [误] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.? [正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.? [析] safe是形容词,如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词,如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词,如: safety island(安全岛),Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是动词。 same ? [误] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.? [正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.? [析] the same that意为"即是",而the same as才能译为"像……一样的。"? [误] Your book is not same as mine.? [正] Your book is not the same as mine.? [析] the same as中的定冠词不能少。 say ? [误] His report wrote she is nineteen.? [正] His report says she is nineteen.? [析] 中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到",这样的"写"在英文中要用say.? say speak talk tell ? 英文中"说"一般有四个词,其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语,如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的,如: Please speak English. 请看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.? sea ? [误] As a boy his great ambition(抱负) was to go to the sea.? [正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.? [析] go to sea为"去当水手、海员";而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.? 在"海中"游泳为in the sea; at sea为在"海上航行",如: I have a brother at sea. by sea为"坐船"、"由海路运输",如: We travelled to New York by sea.? second ? [误] I want to learn the second foreign language.? [正] I want to learn a second foreign language.? [析] 当作为"第二"外语,"再增加一个"时,不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序,a second强调再增加一个。? see ? [误] He was seen leave the room.? [正] He was seen to leave the room.? [析] see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see(让我想想)。? sheep ? [误] There are five sheeps on the grass.? [正] There are five sheep on the grass.? [析] sheep是单、复数同形名词,其他的还有: deer(鹿),fish(鱼)等。? ship ? [误] I travelled on a yacht.? [正] I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).? [析] 虽然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.? sick ? [误] The little boy was a ill boy.? [正] The little boy was a sick boy.? [析] sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意,如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对,但作定语时则只能用sick.? since ? [误] He is living in Greece since 1978.? [正] He has lived in Greece since 1978.? [正] He has been living in Greece since 1978.? [析] 由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何,主句要用完成时或完成进行时。 ? [误] She has been quite different since came back from America.? [正] She has been quite different since coming back from America.? [析] 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面。? sleep ? [误] The boy was very asleep.? [正] The boy was fast asleep.? [析] 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常讲He's asleep. 其形容词sleepy是"困倦的",如: I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. "卧铺"英国人讲sleeping car,而美国人讲sleeper.? slow ? [误] Slow the door opened.? [正] Slowly the door opened.? [析] slow与slowly的用法与意思相同,在口语中和路标中多用slow,如: Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.? smile ? [误] She smiled to me.? [正] She smiled at me.? [析] "冲着某人笑"应为to smile at somebody.? so ? [误] It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.? [正] It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.? [正] It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.? [析] 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况: ① 用于单数可数名词之前,其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词",而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前,只能用 such,如: It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so,如: It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如: I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.? [误] He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.? [正] He got up early so as to catch the first bus.? [正] He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.? [正] He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.? some ? [误] Do you have some lessone to prepare?? [正] Do you have any lessons to prepare?? [析] 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中,如: I have some money to buy it.? 在请求,或真心希望得到肯定答复时,在疑问句中也要用some,如: Would you like something to drink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如: Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到钱。? sometime ? [误] I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.? [正] I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.? sometime sometimes some times sometime ? sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天",如: We'll meet again sometime next year. 或过去的"某一时刻",如: I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常",如: Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为"若干次",如: I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是"一段时间"、"一些时候",如: I want to leave some time.? soon ? [误] The room as soon as became crowded.? [正] The room soon became crowded.? [析] soon为"不久"、"很快",如: I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意为"一……就……",如: As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.? sound ? [误] The report sounds well.? [正] The report sounds good.? [析] sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词,如: How sweet the music sounds!? sport ? [误] Are you going to run in the school sprot?? [正] Are you going to run in the school sprots?? [析] sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动,如: Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.? spring ? [误] I'll visit America in this spring.? [正] I'll visit America in spring.? [正] I'll visit America this spring.? [析] 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词,则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同: He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天,所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'll do it next day.? start ? [误] What time will you start to San Francisco?? [正] What time will you start for San Francisco?? [析] start与leave一样,其后接"for+目的地"。? begin start ? begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思,如: We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为"启程"讲,如: I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示"开始工作",如: The car won't start. (车子发动不起来。) ③ 作为"开动"、"启动"讲,如: Do you know how to start this machine.? still ? [误] Oh, it is still raining now.? [正] Oh, it is still raining.? [析] 因still即包含有现在仍然如何,所以now是多余词。? still yet already ? still一般与动词连用,可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续,特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如: I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末,用在疑问句与否定句中。如: Has the postman come yet? already则与动词连用,可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早,如: I've already finished my homework.? stop ? [误] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.? [正] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.? [析] stop to do something是"停下来去做某事",而stop doing something是"停止做某事"。? street ? [误] There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.? [正] There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.? [析] street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道",而road多指乡间的"路"。? strict ? [误] You ought to be strict to him.? [正] You ought to be strict with him.? [析] be strict with是"对……严格的"。? such ? [误] Do you want to have such a dictionary?? [正] Do you want to have such a good dictionary?? [正] Do you want to have a dictionary like that?? [析] such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词",如: It's such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意",如: I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。? sure ? [误] I am quite sure for that answer.? [正] I am quite sure of that answer.? [析] sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about,而不跟for,如: I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.? sweet ? [误] Honey tastes sweetly.? [正] Honey tastes sweet.? [析] sweet可以作为名词,意为"糖果",是可数名词,如: May I have a sweet?作形容词,如: The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词,意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词,其后面要接形容词而不是副词。? T? take ? [误] This year I want to take the driver's license.? [正] This year I want to get the driver's license.? [析] take可以作为动词,意为"拿"、"取",如: I want to take my mail. 而要获得某种证书、证明,要用get而不用take, take在学校范围内意为"参加"或"选修"某些课程,如: This term I want to take both French and Spanish.? [误] The accident was taken place at the street corner.? [正] The accident took place at the street corner.? [析] take place与happen一样作为"发生"讲时没有被动语态。? [误] Do you take me as a fool?? [正] Do you take me for a fool?? [析] take…for…意为"以为是……"、"错当作……"、"误认为",而这一意思还可以用于I took you to be the best friend. (我把你认作是最好的朋友。)? [误] My English teacher was ill. Who will take place her?? [正] My English teacher was ill. Who will take the place of her?? [析] take the place of…意为"取代"。? talk ? [误] Yesterday I met an old friend. We talked many things.? [正] Yesterday I met an old friend. We taked about many things.? [析] talk是不及物动词。? team ? [误] Our team likes seeing film.? [正] Our team like seeing film.? [析] team与family,class等词一样,指整体时为单数名词。如: Our team is excellent, 而指集体中的个体时要用作复数。? than ? [误] They made fewer mistakes this term than they made last lerm.? [正] They made fewer mistakes this term than they did last lerm.? [析] 当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时,第二次要用do来代替,以避免重复。? [误] You make me do more then anybody I know.? [正] You make me do more than anybody I know.? [误] I got into the restroom than someone knocked at the door.? [正] I got into the rest room then someone knocked at the door.? [析] than与then不要误用。? then ? [误] We went to the cinema, then went to a Chinese restaurant.? [正] We went to the cinema, and then went to a Chinese restaurant.? [正] We went to the cinema; then went to a Chinese restaurant.? [析] then作"然后"讲时,在then前应加分号而不用逗号,或加逗号用and then,但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号,如: First come Tom, then Mary.? think ? [误] I think you are not right.? [正] I don't think you are right.? [析] think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的,如: I think you are right. 但在宾语从句是否定意思时,要否定think,如: I don't think you are right.? [误] I think he will come here, do I?? [正] I think he will come here, wont he?? [析] think加宾语从句时,反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语,助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定:如主句用肯定句,则反意疑问句用否定句,反之亦然。? [误] People think very high of his work.? [正] People think very highly of his work.? [析] think highly of为"对某人某事评价很高"。? [误] When we talk about Chinese people we always think the Yellow River.? [正] When we talk about Chinese people we always think about the Yellow River.? [析] think about意为"想起"、"想到"。? thousand ? [误] He got thousand of books from a second?hand?book shop.? [正] He got thousands of books from a second?hand?book shop.? [析] 虽然two thousand, three thousand在thousand后都不加?s,但thousands of则为"数千",该结构中一定要加?s。? through ? [误] I had a long distance call with John throught the telephone.? [正] I had a long distance call with John on the telephone.? [误] It took us two hours to walk across the forest.? [正] It took us two hours to walk through the forest.? [析] across是表示在一平面上进行的动作,而through则是用在三维空间的动作。如: The river was frozen, so we could walk across it. I pushed through the crowds to the entrance.? throw ? [误] He threw a stone to me.? [正] He threw a stone at me.? [析] "扔"这个词表示方向时要注意他向我扔石头是at me,我向他扔石头则为to him,但throw at还有寻衅之意,如: Stop throwing stones at the cars. 这时不要误用to.? time ? [误] The doctor came on time so she was saved.? [正] The doctor came in time so she was saved.? [析] in time为"及时赶到",如: Do you think we can get there in time for the first act. 而on time 意为"准时",如: The train arrived on time.? [误] It is time we go home.? [正] It is time we should go home.? [正] It is time we went home.? [析] "是该作某事的时候了",其句形为: ① It is time for somebody to do something. ② "It is time+从句",从句中用"should+动词原形",或直接用动词的过去式。? [误] Let's hurry. We haven't many times.? [正] Let's hurry. We haven't much time.? [误] I have been to America two times.? [正] I have been to America twice.? [析] time作为"时间"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"次"讲时则是可数名词。但"一次"不是one time,而是once;"二次"不是two times,而是twice;"三次"则是three times.? too ? [误] This box is too heavy to lift it.? [正] This box is too heavy to lift.? [析] 在too…to这一结构中,如果主语和不定式的宾语是一致的,则不要重复。? [误] The child is too young not to go to school.? [正] The child is too young to go to school.? [析] too…to这一结构用来表示"太……以致于不能……",但下面的句子则不能照此翻译: I'm too glad to meet you. 应译为"我见到你真太高兴了"。? [误] There is much too noise.? [正] There is too much noise.? [析] "much too+形容词",而"too much+不可数名词"。? [误] You have bought too much tomatoes.? [正] You have bought too many tomatoes.? [析] too many后才加可数名词。? also as well too ? 这三个词是近义词,但其用法各有不同。其一,too和as well通常用于句末,如: She went to the cinema and her brother went too. 而also则不用于句末,如: I've also read her other novels. 其二,这三个词都不用于否定句中,否定句中用not…either,或neither/nor…,如: He ?isn't? here either.? trousers ? [误] My trouser is getting smaller and smaller.? [正] My trousers are getting smaller and smaller.? [析] 英语中trousers, pants, shorts(短裤),glasses(眼镜)都要用复数形式。? [误] This pair of glasses are very good.? [正] This pair of glasses is very good.? [析] 有了量词a pair of,其后的谓语动词要与量词相一致。如: two pairs of…的谓语动词就要用复数。? try ? [误] I tried to send her flowers but it didn't have any effect.? [正] I tried sending her flowers but it didn't have any effect. (我试着给她送花,但没有什么结果。)? [误] Please try understanding it.? [正] Please try to understand it.? [析] "try+动名词"的意思是"试一试",或"做某事看看会发生什么情况",而"try+不定式"表示为达到目的要去做的事。? U ? under ? [误] The lake is two meters under sea level.? [正] The lake is two meters below sea level.? [析] under的意思是在某物的下面,而below=lower than, 即"低于"。? [误] Under the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.? [正] With the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.? understand ? [误] I think it is diffcult to make myself to understand.? [正] I think it is diffcult to make myself understood.? [析] 这句话的意思是"我想让别人理解我太难了"。? [误] I am understanding the lesson now.? [正] I understand the lesson now.? [析] understand一词没有进行时态。类似的词还有belong, find, hear, love, like等。? until ? [误] We walked until the edge of the forest.? [正] We walked as far as the edge of the forest.? [误] Our school bus can hold until twenty children.? [正] Our school bus can hold up to twenty children.? [析] until与till两词的意思一样,但两个词都只能用于时间,如: I'll wait until I hear from you.? [误] I waited for my mother to seven o'clock, but she didn't come.? [正] I waited for my mother until seven o'clock, but she didn't come. [误] Can you return this book until Monday?? [正] Can you return this book by Monday?? [析] 当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until,而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作。? [误] We arrived home until it became dark.? [正] We didn't arrived home until it became dark.? [析] until用于肯定句时表示"某动作直到……为止",如: They worked until 5∶00 P. M. 用于否定句中时意为"直到……才"。所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词,但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中。? upstairs ? [误] He went to upstairs.? [正] He went upstairs.? [析] upstairs一词可用作副词,如: We all hurried upstairs to see what happened. 也可用作名词,如; The upstairs of the house needs painting. 同时也可以用作形容词,如: A house with three upstairs rooms is quite good.? use ? [误] It is no use to ask her.? [正] It is no use asking her.? [析] It is no use…与There is no use…后通常用动名词,而不用不定式。? [误] I'll get used to treat the students this way.? [正] I'll get used to treating the students this way.? [析] be used to与get used to后要接动名词表示"习惯于"做某事。? [误] I used to getting up early in the morning.? [正] I used to get up early in the morning.? [析] used to表示过去习惯的动作,其后要加动词原形。? [误] Oil was used to cooking.? [正] Oil was used to cook.? [析] 这里的句型虽然也是be used to但这里不是主动态,而是被动态,所以不能接动名词而应接不定式。? [误] We used to go to the Great Wall three times.? [正] We went to the Great Wall three times.? [析] used to只能用来表示一种习惯,而不能用来表达某事发生的次数。?   V ? very ? [误] Thank you indeed.? [正] Thank you very much indeed.? [析] indeed用来修饰very much, 但要放其后面,而且也不要单独使用。? [误] The baby was very asleep.? [正] The baby was fast asleep.? [析] 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如: I'm wide awake. (我全醒了。)再如: all alone(十分孤独),much afraid等。? [误] The thing seems to be very improved.? [正] The thing seems to be much improved.? [析] 有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词,而much修饰过去分词,这要分别对待。如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作,而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much,而某些形容词化的过去分词,还是要用very来修饰的,如: I am very tired.? [误] There is very less water in the river than usual.? [正] There is much/far less water in the river than usual.? [析] very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而要用far, much等来修饰。?     W? wait ? [误] Tomorrow I will wait you at the bus stop.? [正] Tomorrow I will wait for you at the bus stop.? [析] wait是不及物动词,"等人"要用wait for somebody;而wait up为"不睡觉等候某事",如: I'll wait up tonight.? walk ? [误] I think she went a walk yesterday.? [正] I think she went out for a walk yesterday.? [析] 散步在英文中要讲have a walk, take a walk.如果用go要用go for a walk.? want ? [误] The flowers want to water.? [正] The flowers want watering.? [析] want在这里作为"需要"讲,其后加动名词。这句话的意思是"这花需要浇水。"? [误] Do you want someone go along with you?? [正] Do you want someone to go along with you?? [析] want somebody to do something为一固定用法。? wash ? [误] Are you going to mak washing this weekend?? [正] Are you going to do washing this weekend?? [析] do washing为"洗衣服",是固定搭配。? watch ? [误] Your watch is what time?? [正] What time is it by your watch?? [析] 一定要记住英文的习惯用法。? [误] The mother want to watch the children to play on the grass.? [正] The mother want to watch the children play (playing) on the grass.? [析] watch的用法同see, hear等词。? way ? [误] Please move the chair, it is on the way.? [正] Please move the chair, it is in the way.? [析] in the way 为"挡道",而on the way为"在路上",如: on my way home (在回家路上),on his way to the station(在他去火车站的路上)。而by the way是"顺便说",如: By the way, have you heard from Joan recently?? [误] The students were on their way to home.? [正] The students were on their way home.? [析] home在这里为副词。? wear ? [误] The little girl is old enough to wear herself.? [正] The little girl is old enough to dress herself.? [析] wear后接衣物而不接反身代词。? what ? [误] I want to know what to do it?? [正] I want to know what to do?? [误] I want to know how to do?? [正] I want to know how to do it?? [析] what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。要注意它们用法的不同。? when ? [误] I'd cook you nice meal when you'd come home in the evening.? [正] I'd cook you nice meal when you came home in the evening.? [析] 在when引导的状语从句中,要用一般时表示将来,即主句中是将来时,从句中应用一般现在时,如主句中是过去将来时,从句中应用一般过去时。如: I'll be back when you come back from school.? [误] When in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.? [正] When Tom was in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.? [析] 复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下,才有可能省略,如: When young he had to work all day.? [误] We'll go to the park when it doesn't rain tomorrow. ? [正] We'll go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.? [析] if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何;而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情,如: I'll see you in September when I come back.? [误] I don't know when he comes home tomorrow.? [正] I don't know when he will come home tomorrow.? [析] when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时,而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来。 where ? [误] I don't know where to go to.? [正] I don't know where to go.? [析] where是疑问副词。? whether ? [误] It is unknown if he will come.? [正] It is unknown whether he will come.? [析] if不能引导主语从句。上句中it是形式主语,其后的从句才是真正的主语从句。要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether: ? ① I didn't know whether you'll go or not. (因句中有or not选项。)? ② He didn't know whether to visit the old man. (因用于不定式前。)? ③ I'm interested in whether he'll go. (因作介词的宾语从句。)? ④ I want to know the news whether our team will win. (同位语从句。)? ⑤ Let me know whether you can come. (此句如用if则含意有所不同,其意就变为"如果你能来请通知我"。而用whether则意为"让我知道你是否能来"。)? who ? [误] Whom do you think would like to come for a game of football?? [正] Who do you think would like to come for a game of football?? [析] 在这个句式中"do you think"应看作插入语,所以原句应为Who would like to come for a game of football?? [误] From who was the gift?? [正] From whom was the gift?? [正] Who was that gift from?? [析] 在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom,而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.? why ? [误] Why not to go to the park?? [正] Why not go to the park?? [析] why not后面接不带to的不定式,也可以用why don't you go with her?? win ? [误] We have won your class.? [正] We have beaten your class.? [析] win 是及物动词,其后的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金,如: Which team won the football match?而beat是指"打败"对手、敌人,如: My brother beat me at poker. (请注意,beat是不规则动词,其过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten. )? wish ? [误] I hope you to be a good student.? [正] I wish you to be a good student.? [析] hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语,而wish则可以,如: I wish you luck. (我祝你走运。)? without ? [误] I can't do this work well without you help me.? [正] I can't do this work well without your help.? [析] without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句。? work ? [误] This girl is looking for a work at the bank.? [正] This girl is looking for a job at the bank.? [析] "找工作"一般应为to find a job,而works作为"工作"讲为不可数名词,不能加不定冠词,也不可用复数。当work作为"作品"、"著作"讲时,为可数名词,如: This painting is one of his great works. 而works作为"工厂"讲时单复数形式相同,如:an iron works或two iron works. 作主语时其谓语动词可用单数,如: The steel works is closed for the holidays.? write ? [误] You may write with ink.? [正] You may write in ink.? [正] You may write with a pen.? [析] "用……写"这一表达法要看用的是什么: 如果用钢笔则应用with, 如: Please fill in this form with a pen. 但讲用墨水时则要用in.? Y? yesterday ? [误] I came across my old friend yesterday night.? [正] I came across my old friend last night.? [析] "昨晚"应译为last night.

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