[写作指导] 议论文是一种以议论为主要表达方式的文体。就是摆事实，讲道理，并要求通过多方面的分析，把道理说通、说透。议论文的三要素是论点、论据、论证。写作时应注意： 第一、要提出正确鲜明的论点。论点是作者对所议论的问题持有的见解和主张。一般来说，把论点写在篇首或段首，能起到纲举目张的效果，读来更容易把握文章思路。 第二、必须过好论据这一关。论据就是用来证明论点的事实和道理。 第三、论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论，只有通过论证证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。 议论文的一般结构方式是：提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。 [经典范例] 你从报上得知为了防止非典病毒传播，有些省市采取措施，对随地吐痰的人处以重罚。请你就此事用英文给某报纸的编辑写一封信，简要谈谈你的看法。信的开头及结尾署名已给出，不要再另行署名。词数为 50 — 60 （不包括已给出的部分）。信的内容要点如下：
1. 随地吐痰的危害性 (如传播疾病，有害健康，污染环境等)； 2. 你对改变随地吐痰这一陋习的建议 (如加强教育，处以罚款等)； 3. 你对改善环境的期望 (如希望人人都关心爱护环境，使城市更加美丽等)。 提示词语：spread v. & n. 传播，do harm to …… / be harmful to …… 对……有害，educate v. 教育，protect the environment 保护环境Dear editor， I am a middle school student. I’ve just read some articles on spitting problem in newspapers. They say that in order to prevent the spread of SARS virus（防治非典病毒的传播）some local governments have made a decision：if someone spits in a public place，he or she will be fined heavily （从重罚款）. I quite agree with this decision. ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________Yours sincerely，Wang Nan
中考英语满分作文欣赏：Dear editor， I am a middle school student. I’ve just read some articles on spitting problem in newspapers. They say that in order to prevent the spread of SARS virus（防治非典病毒的传播）some local governments have made a decision：if someone spits in a public place，he or she will be fined heavily（从重罚款）. I quite agree with this decision. It’s a bad habit to spit on the ground. It carries and spreads diseases，pollutes our environment and does harm to our health. It is very important to protect the environment. We should educate the public to change their bad habits and punish those who spit in public places. If all the people care about （take care of / protect）the environment，our city will become more beautiful.
Yours sincerely， Wang Nan
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