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一、选择题(选择一个正确答案,共15题,每题2分,计30分)
1. 某家用电器正常工作时的功率约为2kW,则它可能是( )
A.电风扇
B.电视机
C.空调器
D.电冰箱
2.如图1所示,设电源电压保持不变,R是一个定值电阻,在a、b两点间接入一个标有“3V 2W”功灯泡L1,它恰能正常发光;若在a、b两点间换接入标有“3V 3W”的灯泡L2,则该灯泡( )
图1
A.也能正常发光,其消耗的电功率等于2W
B.也能正常发光,其消耗的电功率等于3W
C.不能正常发光,其消耗的电功率小于3W
D.不能正常发光,其消耗的电功率大于3W
3.串联在电路中的两盏灯L1和L2的电阻分别为R1、R2,若Rl>R2,在相同时间内,电流通过L1、L2所做的功分别为W1、W2,它们的关系是( )
A.WlW2
D.无法确定
4.小明利用电能表测量某一家用电器的电功率,当电路中只有这一个用电器连续工作时,测得在1h内,消耗的电能为1.2kW·h,那么这一个用电器是( )
A.电冰箱
B.普通白炽灯
C.彩色电视机
D.挂壁式空调机
5.家庭经常用到的三孔插座和三脚插头,如图2所示。下面接法正确的是( )
图2
A.1孔接地,1脚接用电器外壳
B.2孔接地,2脚接用电器外壳
C.3孔接地,3脚接用电器外壳
D.不论哪孔接地,哪脚接用电器外壳都可以
6.标有“220V 25W”、“110V 40W”、“36V 40W”、“36V 60W”四种规格的灯泡,若都在正常工作,其中最暗的灯是( )
A.“220V 25W”
B.“110V 40W”
C.“36V 40W”
D.“36V 60W”
7.一个电热器的电阻为R,当它两端电压为U,通电时间为t时,消耗电能为W。若要使它消耗的电能为4W,下列方法正确的是( )
A.电阻R不变,电压U不变,通电时间t变为原来的2倍
B.电阻R减半,电压U增大1倍,通电时间t不变
C.电阻R不变,电压U增大1倍,通电时间t不变
D.电阻R减半,电压U不变,通电时间t不变
8.有两个灯泡,L1标有“6V 3W”字样,L2没有标记,测得L2的电阻为6Ω,把它们串联起来接入某一电路,两个灯泡均能正常发光,那么该电路两端的电压和L2的电功率分别是( )
A.12V,3W
B.12V,1.5W
C.9V,3W
D.9V,1.5W
9.如图3所示电路,电源电压保持不变,变阻器滑片滑到c点时,电压表示数为4V,灯L正常发光;当滑片P滑到b点时,电压表示数为8V,已知灯L的电阻为4Ω,电阻Rac=Rab/4,则灯L的额定功率是( )
图3
A.16W
B.8W
C.4W
D.2W
10.如图4所示,电源电压不变,当滑动变阻器的滑片P由中点向右移动时( )
图4
A灯泡的实际功率不变
B.电路的总电阻变小
C.电压表的示数变小
D.电流表的示数变大
11.在测定小灯泡功率的实验中,当调节滑动变阻器滑片P,使小灯泡两端电压比额定电压高1/5时,此时小灯泡的实际功率与额定功率之比是( )
A.36:25
B.25:36
C.5:6
D.6:5
12.如图5,a、b两个相同的容器中分别装有相同质量的水,水中的电阻丝阻值分别为R1和R2,R1P乙
C.P甲