谈定语从句中的关系代词可换与不可换
请看下面这道选择题:I
have told everything ________
I know to
you. A.what
B.that C.which
D.who
本题考查的是定语从句关系代词的用法。关系代词that,which和who引导定语从句时,在句中的职能和意义彼此相通:即which用来指物,who用来指人,that即可指物,也可指人。指物时,which和that有时可以互换;指人时,who和that有时可以互换,但在下列情况下却不能互换:
1.如果定语从句所修饰的词是指物的不定代词时,用that不用which。故此,本题答案应选B(that),不选C(which)。也就是说,在本题中,that与which不能互换。但是指人的不定代词用that或who皆可。例如:
They will
punish(惩罚)anybody
that/who
cut down
young trees.
2.当定语从句所修饰的词有限定的修饰词时,必须用which或who,不能用that。例如:(1)April
1st is
the day which
is called
April Fool's
Day in the
west. (2) I know
the detective
who successfully
saved the
little boy in
the accident.
3.当定语从句所修饰的那个词是数词或所修饰的那个名词有一个数词作定语时,一般用that,不用which。例如:The
two books
that I bought
yesterday are
English novels.
4.在only,no,any,little,much,all之后,以及先行词带有最高级修饰语时,一般多用that不用which,但all指人时,用who不用that。例如:
(1)This is
the only book
that we can
borrow. (2)That
is the best
film that I
have seen so
far. (3)The
book contains
much/little
that is
useful.(4)All who
know him like
him very much.
(5)Say all
that you know.
5.that不能像which,whom那样放在介词之后,而必须将介词调到句末。例如:
(1)The man
that/who you
talked with yesterday
is my
uncle.或The man
with whom you
talked yesterday is
my uncle.
(2)This is
the cage in
which Polly
lives.或This is
the cage
that/which Polly
lives in.
6.人和物并列作先行词时,在the
same,the very,the
last和序数词之后时,常用that,一般不用which或who。例如:
(1)She was
the first/the
last students
that came this
morning. (2)He
made a speech
on the men
and things
that he had
seen in Canada. (3)
Looking at
the man and
his donkey
that are
walking
up
the street.
(4)This is
the same pen
that I lost
yesterday. (5)This is
the very book
that I have
been looking for.
7.前面有who,which,what等疑问代词时,定语从句的关系代词应用that,不用who或which。例如:(1)Who
is the man
that is
standing by
the door? (2)Who
that has such
a home does
not love
it?
(3)Which is
the dog that
you lost
yesterday? (4)What that
you say does
not interest him?
8.先行词为that,those指物时,关系代词用which。those指人时,关系代词用who,that皆可。例如:(1)Please
show me that
which you
bought yesterday. (2)That
which you
borrowed from
me wasn't a
real
diamond
necklace.(3)They are
those who/that
we love.
更多精彩内容请点击英语教师网www.ewteacher.com