洲泉中学2012学年初一(上)英语期末复习(二)
一、数量的表示
很少,
几乎没有
一些
许多
太多
如此多
多少
可数
________
some
a few
(any)
a lot of
_______
_______
too many
so many
________
不可数
________
some
a little
(any)
________
lots of
________
________
so much
________
二、可数名词和不可数名词
1. 可数名词
1) 可数名词有单数、复数之分:
2) 单数可数名词如何变复数:
条件
变化形式
举例
1. 一般情况
直接加s
pens、desks、bags、apples、books、photos、zoos、kangaroos、pianos、Americans、Australians、Canadians、...
2. s、x、ch、sh结尾
加es
buses、boxes、watches (手表)、...
3. “辅y”结尾
去y加ies
cities、countries、families、babies、stories、...
4. o结尾有生命
加es
(袋鼠kangaroo加s)
tomatoes、potatoes、...
5. f、fe结尾
f、fe变成vers
knife (小刀) → knives、wife (妻子) → wives、leaf (叶子) → leaves、life (命) → lives、...
6. 特殊变化
1) 单数复数同形
fish → fish、deer (鹿) → deer、sheep → sheep、Chinese → Chinese、...
2) 单数复数有变化
man → men、woman → women、policeman → policemen、foot → feet、tooth teeth、goose (鹅) → geese、child → children、...
3) 要点注意:
a. kangaroo是oo结尾,虽然也有生命也只能加s;
b. 民族名词以sh、ch、ese结尾,单复数同形,其余加s:
一个日本人 a Japanese;仨日本人 three Japanese
一个美国人 an American;五位美国人 five Americans
2. 不可数名词
食物:
___________________________________________________________________
饮料:
___________________________________________________________________
三、there be句型
1. “ there be”句型的结构为:There be + 存在的物/人 + 存在的地方.
There be + 存在的物/人 + 存在的地方.
(2) (3) (1)
某地 有 某物/人。
桌子上有一些书本。There ________ some ________ _______ the desk.
我们班里有20位女生。There ________ twenty ________ ________ our class.
大明班的教室里有42张桌子。There ________ forty-two ________ ________ Daming's classroom.
冰箱里有一些鸡肉。There ________ some ________ in the fridge.
公园里有一些树。There ________ a ________ trees ________ ________ ________.
桌子上有一些牛奶。________ ________ a ________ milk ________ the table.
2. there be句型中,若存在的为复数名词,用are、单数名词和不可数名词,用is:
There ________ an apple on the table.
There ________ many students on the playground.
There ________ still some water in the cup.
若存在不止一个名词,由最靠近的名词决定be动词:
There ________ some water and apples in the fridge.
There ________ an apple and two bananas in the box.
There ________ many students and a teacher in the classroom.
3. 改一般疑问句,be动词提前,有some,some改any:
There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
→ ________ ________ a pencil in my pencil-case?
(Yes, ________ ________. / No, ________ ________.)
There are some oranges in her bag.
→ ________ ________ ________ oranges in her bag?
(Yes, ________ ________. / No, ________ ________.)
There is some juice in the bottle.
→ ________ ________ ________ juice in the bottle?
(Yes, ________ ________. / No, ________ ________.)
4. 改否定句,be后加not,some改any:
There is a computer in my office.
→ There ________ a computer in my office.
There are four children in the classroom.
→ There ________ four children in the classroom.\
There are some bananas in the tree.
→ There ________ ________ bananas in the tree.
There is some meat on the table.
→ There ________ ________ meat on the table.
5. “Are there any 复数名词 + 地方?”的回答:
几种情况:1) Yes, there are some. 2) Yes, there is (only) one. 3) No. there aren't any.
a. “Are there any birds in the tree?”
“________, ________ ________ ________. (是的,有一些。)”
b. “Are there any students in the classroom?”
“________, ________ ________ ________ ________. (是的,不过只有一个。)”
c. “Are there any pandas in Tainan Zoo (台南动物园)?”
“________, ________ ________ ________. (不,没有。)”
6. 改特殊疑问句的两种情况:
1) 问“某地有什么?”不遵循三部曲原则,问用“What's + 地方?”,答用“there be句型”。
a. ________ under the chair? 椅子底下有什么?
There ________ ________ ________ under the chair. 椅子底下有一只猫。
b. ________ on the teacher's desk? 讲台上有什么?
There ________ _______ ________ on the teacher's desk. 讲台上有一台电脑。
c. ________ in the glass (玻璃杯)? 玻璃杯里有什么?
There ________ ________ ________ in the glass. 玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。
d. ________ in the box? 盒子里有什么?
There ________ ________ ________ in the box. 盒子里有一些书籍。
2) 回答“How many + 复数名词 are there + 地方?”也有三情况:
三种情况:1) There are 数词(≥2). 2) There is (only) one. 3) There aren't any.
a. How many girls are there in the garden? 花园里有几位女孩?
There ________ ________. (有三位。)
b. ________ ________ ________ ________ there in the room? 房间里有几架钢琴?
There ________ ________ ________. 只有一架。
c. ________ ________ ________ are there ________ the tree? 树上有几只鸟儿?
There ________ ________. 一只也没有。
7. there be句型的总结:
陈述句
(肯定句)
结构
There be + 存在的物/人 + 存在的地方.
be动词
存在的为复数名词,用are、单数名词和不可数名词,用is
若存在不止一个名词,由最靠近的名词决定be动词
陈述句
(否定句)
改否定句,be后加not,some改any
一般
疑问句
改一般疑问句,be动词提前,有some,some改any
对“Are there any 复数名词 + 地方?”的回答。
1) Yes, there are some.
2) Yes, there is (only) one.
3) No, there aren't any.
特殊
疑问句
(对划线
部分提问)
问“某地有什么?”不遵循三部曲原则,问用“What's + 地方?”,答用“there be句型”。
对“How many + 复数名词 are there + 地方?” 的回答。
1) There are 数词(≥2).
2) There is (only) one.
3) There aren't any.
四、have got的用法
1. 陈述句:
have got表示“拥有”,第三人称单数用“has got”:
We ________ ________ lots of apples. 我们有许多苹果。
They ________ ________ some chocolate. 他们有一些巧克力。
Mum ________ ________ a little coffee. 妈妈有一些咖啡。
2. 改一般疑问句,是将have、has提前,some改any,翻译加“吗”:
Jim has got some milk. (改一般疑问句)
→ ________ Jim ________ ________ milk? 吉姆有一些牛奶吗?
(Yes, ________ ________. / No, ________ ________.)
I have got some story-books. (改一般疑问句)
→ ________ ________ ________ ________ story-books? 你有一些故事书吗?
(Yes, ________ ________. No, ________ ________.)
3. 改否定句,是在have、has后加not,some改any,have not = haven't,has not = hasn't:
Mum ________ ________ ________ apple juice. 妈妈没有一些苹果汁了。
We ________ ________ ________ cola. 我们没有可乐了。
4. 改特殊疑问句,三部曲:
Lingling has got some cola and orange juice. (对划线部分提问)
→ ________ ________ Lingling _________? (玲玲拥有什么?) X|k |B| 1 . c|O |m
I have got a lot of chicken and a lot of eggs. (对划线部分提问)
→ ________ ________ ________ ________? 你拥有什么?
5. 若对主语提问,则直接将主语改为疑问词,回答须带have、has:
They have got some new coats. 他们拥有一些新衣服。
→ ________ has got some new coats? 谁有一些新衣服? (不清楚人数的who算作第三人称单数)
________ ________. 他们有。
6. have got总结:
陈述句
(肯定句)
have got表示“拥有”,第三人称单数用“has got”
陈述句
(否定句)
have、has后加not,some改any,have not = haven't,has not = hasn't
一般疑问句
将have、has提前,some改any,翻译加“吗”
特殊疑问句
(对划线部分提问)
1) 改特殊疑问句,三部曲
2) 对主语提问,则直接将主语改为疑问词,回答须带have、has
五、重点词组:
1. 在我的(我们)班里
________ ________ ________
2. ...是什么样子的?
________ ... ________?
3. 相当大;真的很大 ________ ________
4. 讲台 the ________ desk
5. 在...(里面的)前面
________ the ________ ________
6. 一幅世界地图
a ________ ________ the ________
7. 在操场的左边
_____ the _____ _____ the playground
8. 食堂 ________ ________
9. 科学实验室 ________ ________
10. 体育馆 ________ ________
11. 在学校的正中央
_____ _____ _____ _____ the school
12. 在...和...之间 ______ ... ______ ...
13. 教学楼 ________ ________
14. 许多 ________ ________
= ________ ________ ________
15. 去购买... _____ _____ _____ ...
16. 让我们买一些鸡肉。
________ get ________ ________.
17. 太多 ______ ______ / ______ ______
18. 对...有益 _______ _______ _______
19. 一种 ________ ________ ________ 20. 什么种类的 ______ ______ ______