2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（9）及答案 阅读理解-----C7 [2013·天津卷] D When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get. For kids, happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的)． In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party. In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults, happiness is complicated(复杂的)． My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”．The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health. I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch－box and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love.When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day. Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don't think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her. We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we've got to have.We're so self－conscious about our “right” to it that it's making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier. Happiness isn't about what happens to us—it's about how we see what happens to us.It's the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess. 51．As people grow older, they ________． A．feel it harder to experience happiness B．associate their happiness less with others C．will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness D．tend to believe responsibility means happiness 52．What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A．She cares little about her own health. B．She enjoys the freedom of traveling. C．She is easily pleased by things in daily life. D．She prefers getting pleasure from housework. 53．What can be inferred from Paragraph 7? A．Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness. B．Psychologists' opinion is well proved by Grandma's case. C．Grandma often found time for social gatherings. D．Grandma's happiness came from modest expectations of life. 54．People who equal happiness with wealth and success ________． A．consider pressure something blocking their way B．stress their right to happiness too much C．are at a loss to make correct choices D．are more likely to be happy 55．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Happiness lies between the positive and the negative. B．Each man is the master of his own fate. C．Success leads to happiness. D．Happy is he who is content. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文。幸福是什么？每个人在每个年龄阶段对这个问题有着不同的回答。儿时的幸福很简单，一辆新自行车就是幸福；少年时的幸福已经变了；成年时的幸福又不一样了。作者有着自己的幸福观。 51．A 推理判断题。通过第二、三、四段的描述可知，儿时的梦想很简单，青少年时幸福的概念就换了，而成年时幸福就变得复杂了，因此随着年龄的增长，人们发现体会幸福越来越难了。故选A。 52．C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的内容可知，作者说越享受自己拥有的，我们就会越幸福；第六段中作者用自己的体验叙述了作者经历的小小的幸福的时刻。因此可从第五、六段知道，作者很容易因生活中的一些小事而感到幸福。故选C。 53．D 细节理解题。第七段中说奶奶没有快乐的休闲时间，也没有令人满意的工作，但奶奶却有家人和朋友的密切的联系网，因此奶奶也很幸福。由此可知奶奶的幸福来自于对生活的朴素的期盼。故选D。 54．B 推理判断题。根据第八段中的内容，因为有那么多的选择、有想成功的压力，我们很多人把快乐变成了比我们所拥有的更想要的东西。而那些把幸福和财富以及成功等同起来的人，太过于看重自己拥有幸福的权利了。故选B。 55．D 主旨大意题。根据作者整篇文章的论述，作者旨在告诉我们幸福的人就是容易满足的人。故选D。
C7 [2013·江苏卷] B We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing line－cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)． Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets. The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards. Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness. But don't take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping. Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non－market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue－jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors' offices，and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered. 58．According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？ A．Taking buses. B．Buying houses. C．Flying with an airline. D．Visiting amusement parks. 59．The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates ________． A．the necessity of patience in queuing B．the advantage of modern technology C．the uncertainty of allocation principle D．the fairness of telephonic services 60．The passage is meant to ________． A．justify paying for faster services B．discuss the morals of allocating things C．analyze the reason for standing in line D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping 【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。 58．A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“First come, first served…”和第三段“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选A项。 59．C 细节判断题。根据第四段“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选C项。 60．B 作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选B项。 例2 【20** 山东卷阅读B篇】Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association, CTIA, estimates（估计） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies."The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies," FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve "approaching threats," which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.The service could be in place by 2010.62. The improvement to the present system is in the charge of ____.A. CTIA B. the Warning Alert and Response Network C. FCC D. federal regulators63. The carriers’ participation in the system is determined by _____.A. the US federal government B. mobile phone usersC. the carriers themselves D. the law of the United States64. Which of the following is true of cell phone users?A. They must accept the alert service. B. They may enjoy the alert service for free.C. They must send the alerts to others D. They may choose the types of messages65. An alert message will NOT be sent if _____.A. a child loses his way. B. a university shooting happensC. a natural disaster happens D. a terrorist attack occurs
综合练习完形填空In Britain, people have different attitudes to the police. Most people generally 1 them and the job they do –--- although there are certain people who do not believe that the police should have the power that they do.What does a policeman actually do? It is not a (n) 2 job to describe. After all, a policeman has a number of jobs in one. A policeman often has to control traffic, either on foot in the center of a town, or in a police car on the roads. Indeed, in Britain, he might be in the Traffic Police and spend all, or a lot of, his time 3 up and down main roads and motorways. A traffic policeman has to help keep the traffic moving, stop 4 motorists and help when there is an accident.A policeman has to help keep the 5 , too. If there is a fight or some other disturbance, we 6 the police to come and restore order. And they often have to 7 situation at great risk to their own 8 . We expect the police to solve crimes, of course, so an ordinary policeman, 9_ he is not a detective (侦探), will often have to help 10 and arrest criminals. And who do we call when there is an emergency –--- an air crash, a 11 , a road accident, or a robbery? We call the police. So a policeman has to be 12 to face any unpleasant emergency that may happen in the 13 world. The police do an absolutely necessary job. They do it 14 well and I support them, but I do not envy policemen. I do not think that I could 15 do the job of a policeman. 1. A. dislike B. join C. appreciate D. admire2. A. funny B. pleasant C. interesting D. easy3. A. walking B. driving C. wandering D. searching4. A. resting B. tired C. speeding D. drunken5. A. peace B. silence C. situation D. condition6. A. wait for B. call C. think of D. expect7. A. turn to B. avoid C. deal with D. treat8. A. safety B. families C. future D. friends9. A. although B. as if C. however D. even if10. A. get rid of B. question C. look for D. sentence11. A. power failure B. fire C. thunder storm D. thief12. A. provided B. promised C. prepared D. presented13. A. future B. modern C. real D. whole14. A. extremely B. specially C. surprisingly D. particularly15. A. hardly B. forever C. ever D. never C7 [2013·江西卷] B When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes. More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands. Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build－up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge. 61．According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time? A. By solving the cost problems. B. By solving the transportation problems. C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country. D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO. 62．What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? A. Providing food is vital. B. Learning to fish is helpful. C. Teaching skills is essential. D. Looking after others is important. 63．The second paragraph is developed mainly________． A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast 64．Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands? A. A medical team. B. An exchange program. C. A water plant. D. Financial support. 65．What can we infer about international aid from the passage? A. It is facing difficulties. B. It is unnecessary during normal times. C. It should be given in the form of materials. D. It has gained support from developed countries. 【要点综述】 本文主要就给他国提供援助一事，提议“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，建议不如与他国分享知识及技术。 61. C 考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者认为联合国可在每个国家设立一个捐助机构。 62. C 考查推理判断。由画线句后面的内容“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我们要教会欠发达国家的人们照顾他们自己，在画线句子中，作者试图要表达的是教给他们技能是重要的。 63. A 考查推理判断。由第二段第三句后“For example…”后的内容可知，本段通过举例子来说明“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”这一观点。 64. D 考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run…”可知经济的支持是暂时的。65. A 考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容“When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple…Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time.”可推出国际援助要到达受助人手中不容易，涉及开销以及时间等问题，由此可推断国际援助正面临着困难。
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