2018届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解提升练(1)细节理解题

阅读理解提升练(一)　细节理解题A(2017·11浙江)There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials,sometimes huge savings.Recycling plastics and aluminum,for instance,uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提炼)aluminum.Long before most of us even noticed what we now call “the environment,” Buckminster Fuller said,“Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源)we are not harvesting.We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.” To take one example,let’s compare the throwaway economy(经济)with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.Say your cat weighs 5kg and eats one can of food each day.Each empty can of its food weighs 40g.In a throwaway economy,you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cat’s 15-year lifetime.That’s 219kg of steel—more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat’s weight.In a recycling economy,we would make one set of 100 cans to start with,then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing,we’d have to make an extra 10 cans each year.But in all,only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime—and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat.Instead of using up 219kg of steel,we’ve used only 6kg.And becau se the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel,we’ve also achieved the following significant savings:in energy use—47% to 74%;in air pollution—85%;in water pollution—35%;in water use—40%.1.What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?A.It is becoming more serious.B.It destroys the environment.C.It benefits the economy.D.It is t he resources yet to be used.2.How many cans will be used up in a cat’s 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?A.50.　　　　　　　　B.100.C.150. D.250.3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To promote the idea of recycling.B.To introduce an environmentalist.C.To discuss the causes of pollution.D.To defend the throwaway economy.〚导学号44994000〛B(2017·浙江温州九校高三期末)As Charlotte arrived at the big living room,her mother Sarah and her new stepfather(继父)Robert Graham turned from the window and faced her.We shall never have Mom to ourselves again,Charlotte thought.If only she were just a kid,and could cry wildly in anger on the floor!Instead,she forced a smile.She rushed forward and threw her arms round Sarah and kissed her wildly,knocking her hat crooked(歪的)and making her cry out.“Darling!You’ll knock me down!”“You look great,mom!”Charlotte cried and knew she was shouting.She was hot again,red and untidy and looking like the last kind of girl any man would want to have as a stepdaughter.Her brother Nicholas,however,went to the other extreme.He was so calm that he was positively rude,and Charlotte knew before he started it that he was going to act like a bad schoolboy.“Oh Nicholas,do behave!” Sarah cried.“Robert,they’re showing off!”Although she was laughing,they both heard the little ring of disappointment in her voice,and both knew that they were letting her down.They had surely never had such a difficult moment.It was Robert Graham who saved the situation.He came forward holding out both hands.“I am deeply grateful to you two young peop le.You’ve had Sarah to yourselves for a long time.Thank you for agreeing to share her with me.I know it can’t be easy.”And although this was just the sort of words they would call dull,the sincerity(真诚)gave it a guarantee.They knew he meant what he said.He was indeed thanking them.And by doing so he pulled them back to reality and made them themselves again.4.Upon entering the living room,Charlotte experienced　　　. A.a sudden sense of loss B.a curiosity to see her stepfatherC.an urge to be more polite than NicholasD.a feeling of anger directed at her stepfather5.Sarah found the moment difficult because she was　　　. A.deeply moved by Charlotte’s greetingB.embarrassed by the children’s behaviorC.afraid Nicholas would leave herD.having doubts about remarrying6.The text suggests that Sarah and Robert　　　. A.made the situation  difficult on purposeB.found the children’s responses amusingC.cared about the feelings of the childrenD.felt upset about the children’s attitude〚导学号44994001〛 C(2016·10月浙江)Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock.An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later.If it were not stopped,that long train,full of passengers,would fall into the stream.“Someone must go to the station and warn the station-master,” Kate thought.But who was to go?She would have to go herself.There was no one else.In wind and rain she started on her difficult w ay.Soon she was at the bridge that crossed the Des Moines River,a bridge also built of wood,just like the bridge across Honey Creek.The storm had not washed this away,but there was no footpath across it.She would have to cross it by stepping from sleeper(枕木) to sleeper.With great care she began the dangerous crossing,sometimes on her hands and knees,hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below.If she should slip,she would fall between the sleepers,into the rapidly flowing stream.At last—she never knew how long it had taken her—she felt solid ground under her feet.But there was no time to rest.She still had to run more than half a mile and had only a few minutes left.Unless she reached the station before the express did,many,many lives would be lost.She did reach the station just as the train came into sight.Fortunately the station-master was standing outside.“The bridge is down! Stop the train! Oh,please stop it!” Kate shouted breathlessly.The station-master went pale.He rushed into the station building and came back with a signal light.He waved the red light as the train came into the station.It was not a second too early.7.What did Kate decide to do?A.Stop the express train.B.Check the signal light.C.Meet the passengers.D.Visit the station-master.8.Which of the following words best describes Kate’s journey?A.Fruitless.　　　　　　　B.Boring.C.Well-planned. D.Risky.9.Why did the station-master turn pale?A.He suddenly fell ill.B.He realized the danger.C.He discovered his mistake.D.He became over-excited.〚导学号44994002〛 D(原创)It began to rain yesterday morning and it still hasn’t stopped.Rain suggests gentle.It has not been gentle.The rain barrel,waiting to be attached to the downspout,was knocked over,not to mention a few chairs in the air.The university choir was to be transported to our venue(演出地点)by 4:45 p.m.They would be missing dinner at their dormitory,so one of our choir members prepared both a vegetarian meal as well as a non-vegetarian meal for the 25 singers.Others of us prepared side-dishes.Their bus never arrived for them.In the pouring rain,they had to take the taxi from Hyde Park to a stop near our concert  site.Several of our members,dressed in concert dress,drove to the station making several trips to pick up the  student singers,and not all of them arrived on the same train.It was amazing to see a numb er of volunteers,dripping wet themselves volunteering again to drive the students back to the university.The beauty of this was seeing everyone giving of themselves.Not only that,but offering to drive the students the distance back to the university,which was not a short commute(通勤).After many phone calls,still not quite certain what happened to arrival bus,but there was a bus waiting to take them back.Hopefully,everything will be in order today. 10.What damaged the author’s plan?A.The heavy rain. B.The heavy snow.C.The strong wind. D.The university choir.11.What did one of the choir members prepare for dinner for the 25 singers?A.Drink and fruit.B.Some snacks.C.Some side-dishes.D.A vegetarian meal and a non-vegetarian meal.12.What’s the most moving in the passage?A.Everything in order.B.The delicious dinner.C.Volunteers’ unselfish help.D.Several trips to  the station.13.The underlined phrase “giving of” means 　　　in the last paragraph. A.releasing B.dedicatingC.losing D.helping 参考答案 阅读理解提升练(一)　细节理解题A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个伟大的建筑师富勒的话说明了回收利用的价值,之后又通过一个事实例子(养猫喂食),用对比(循环经济和一次性经济)的方式,向我们说明了循环经济的价值所在。1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段引用的Buckminster Fuller的“Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源) we are not harvesting.We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.”可知,他认为污染只不过是我们没有收获的资源。由于我们对它们的价值一无所知,因此让它们白白浪费。故选D项。2.C　细 节理解题。根据第四段的“But in all,only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime” 可知,循环经济下,要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用 掉150个罐子。3.A　推理判断题。文章通过养猫喂食的例子,用数字对比了循环经济和一次性经济消耗资源的不同结果,目的是宣传推广回收利用的理念。B【语篇导读】 Sarah要和Robert Graham结婚,一开始遭到Sarah的两个孩子的抵触,最后继父Robert Graham的真诚打动了两个孩子。4.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“We shall never have Mom to ourselves again,Charlotte thought.If only she were just a kid,and could cry wildly in anger on the floor!”可知,由于妈妈将要结婚,Charlotte感到很失落。故选A项。5.B　推理判断题。根据第四、五段对孩子的反应的描述,及第七段的“they both heard the little ring of disappointment in her voice,and both knew that they were  letting her down”可知,孩子们的抵触让她感到很尴尬。故选B项。6.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后 两段Robert Graham 和孩子们真心的交流可以看出,Sarah和Rober t 是非常在乎孩子们的感受的。故选C项。C【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。暴雨冲垮了一座桥梁,然而大约三十分钟后一辆快车即将驶来。面对险境,Kate不畏艰难,勇敢地在风雨中前行,最终到达车站,告知站长前方险情,及时地拯救了列车上乘客的生命。7.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的内容可知,Kate要独自一人前往车站告知站长前方险情,拦截火车。故选A项。8.D　推理判断题。纵观全文可知,Kate不顾个人安危,冒险前往车站。一路顶风冒雨,跌跌撞撞,正如经历了一场危险的旅程。故选D项。9.B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段,站长冲进车站大楼,手里拿着红色信号灯出来,挥舞着红灯,由此可推知,站长意识到了前方的危险。故选B项。D【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大雨破坏了作者他们的计划,他们冒雨齐心协力帮助大学的合唱队到达演出地点的故事。10.A　细节理解题。根据文中讲述的冒雨帮助大学的合唱队到达演出地点的事情可知答案。11.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“one of our choir members prepared both a vegetarian meal as well as a non-vegetarian meal for the 25 singers”可知答案。12.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“It was amazing to see a number of volunteers,dripping wet themselves volunteering again to drive the students back to the university.”可知,最感人的是志愿者冒雨帮助大学的合唱队。13.B　词义猜测题。根据下文的“offering to drive the students the distance back to the university”可知“giving of”的意思是“奉献自己”。