2018年高考英语专题一语法知识：定语从句

第7讲　定语从句 1．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017•江苏，28)A．which   B．itsC．whose   D．whom答案　C解析　句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的目的之一就是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，purposes与the World Food Programme存在所属关系，且空处在句中作定语，因此选C项。2．The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017•北京，31)A．that   B．asC．where   D．when答案　A解析　句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same...as...，such...as...等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。3．My eldest son，________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017•天津，9)A．that   B．whoseC．his   D．who答案　B解析　句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用whose。4．Many young people，most  ________ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016•江苏，23)A．of which    B．of themC．of whom    D．of those答案　C解析　句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。5．I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016•北京，22)A．whose   B．whyC．where   D．which答案　A解析　句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。6．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.(2016•天津，9)A．that   B．whereC．which   D．when答案　D解析　句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知先行词为next week，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。7．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.(2016•浙江，11)A．whom   B．whichC．what   D．that答案　B解析　句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词many theories，指物，故应用 which。8．The number of smokers，________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015•江苏，21)A．it   B．whichC．what   D．as答案　D解析　句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如……”，符合句意，故选D项。9．Opposite is St.Paul’s Church，________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015•北京，24)A．which   B．thatC．when   D．where答案　D解析　句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。 先行词是St.Paul’s Church；从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。10．Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015•浙江，19)A．as   B．whoseC．in which   D．at which答案　C解析　句意为：创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，________ employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词＋which”引导，根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。11．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(2015•天津，15)A．where   B．whichC．when   D．who答案　A解析　句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。12．China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015•福建，34)A．who  B．whom  C．that  D．which答案　D解析　句意为：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。13．It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015•湖南，29)A．as   B．whereC．that   D．which答案　D解析　句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。14．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.(2015•安徽，28)A．it   B．thatC．whose   D．which答案　D解析　句意为：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语时，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词upon被提到了定语从句引导词之前，只能用which来引导，故选D。15．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(2015•陕西，15)A．which   B．whereC．whom   D．when答案　D解析　句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。选D。16．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.(2014•江苏，22)A．which   B．whenC．as   D．where答案　D解析　句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work，可以理解为抽象的地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。17．The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014•安徽，22)A．when   B．whereC．why   D．which答案　D解析　先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以选D。18．Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014•陕西，13)A．that   B．whichC．as   D．what答案　A解析　先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，故关系词只能用that。19．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.(2014•北京，26)A．who   B．whichC．when   D．where答案　B解析　此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。20．A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014•山东，10)A．which   B．whoseC．who   D．why答案　B解析　句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company之间为所属关系，故选择whose。  一、高频考点1．“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定(1)与定语从句中的动词或形容词构成搭配。The man with whom I talked is a professor.和我谈话的那个人是一名教授。(2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(3)“of which/whom”表示所属关系。There are forty students in our class，most of whom are from the south.我们班有四十名学生，其中大部分来自南方。(4)“介词短语＋which/whom”引导定语从句。He arrived at a farmhouse，in front of which sat a boy.他来到一所农舍，在农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。(5)通过句意来判断。He was educated at Beijing University，after which he went abroad to receive further education.他在北京大学接受教育，然后去了国外接受进一步教育。(6)关系副词可以与“介词＋which”互换。The house where/in which he lives needs repairing.他住的那所房子需要修理。2．as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句后；as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首、句中或句末均可。As we all know，the earth goes around the sun.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。(2)which可作实义动词的主语，as不可。He didn’t come as expected，which made Mary angry.他没如期前来，这让玛丽很生气。(3)主、从句语意一致，用as，which皆可；语意不一致，只能用which。He married again，which/as was expected.他又结婚了，这是预料到的。He married again，which was unexpected.他又结婚了，这是没有预料到的。3．定语从句与其他语法项目的区别(1)与地点状语从句的区别：定语从句前有表示地点的先行词，地点状语从句则没有；定语从句中的where可用“介词＋which”代替，地点状语从句中的where则不能。He put the book where you could find it.(地点状语从句)He put the book in the place where you could find it.(定语从句)(2)与结果状语从句的区别：分析such后的名词在从句中是否作成分，如作成分则是定语从句，用as引导；反之则为结果状语从句，用that引导。He is such a good boy as we all like.(定语从句)He is such a good boy that we all like him.(结果状语从句)二、易错点梳理1．关系代词的误用及漏用：注意定语从句的先行词被all，some，any，no，few，every，much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？2．定语从句主谓不一致：在one of...结构中，先行词为of后的复数名词或代词，从句谓语用复数形式；先行词是“the only/very one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语用单数形式。He is one of the students who were awarded.他是受到嘉奖的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who was awarded.他是唯一一个受到嘉奖的学生。3．关系词充当替代词：定语从句中不能出现先行词的替代词。He is the person that I am looking for.他就是我要找的那个人。(for后不能跟him)4．“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为point，case，situation，condition，stage，position，scene，spot，activity，family，job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事物的某个方面时，where相当于from which，under which等，表示“从……中，在……情况下”等。We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我们只是想尽力达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。 1．President Xi’s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation，________ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.(2017•阶段检测，26)A．one where   B．oneC．which   D．the one in which答案　A解析　句意为：习主席到英国的访问创造了一个中国和英国在经济和社交发展上双赢的局面。空后是一个完整的句子，不缺宾语或者主语，由此可以先排除C项。 其他三个答案都有one，one后是定语从句，而one在从句中作的是地点状语，不能省略引导词，由此可以排除B项。 one在这里是situation的同位语，意思是“一个……的局面”并不是特指，所以不需要冠词，由此可以排除D项。故选A项。 2．The bullet train has quickened the rate ________ we travel from one place to another.(2017•期中，22)A．at which   B．with whichC．to which   D．for which答案　A解析　句意为：高速列车加速了我们从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行速度。把at which中的关系代词换上先行词放到从句中，则从句变为：We travel from one place to another at the rate.句意完整，然后用关系代词代替先行词，再把介词和关系代词放到从句句首引导定语从句就成了原题，故正确答案是A。3．The increased responsibilities ________ her best qualities ________ were beyond most people.(2017•期中，30)A．brought about；whichB．brought out；thatC．brought in；whichD．brought up；that答案　B解析　句意为：责任感的增加体现出她的优秀品质，这是大多数人不具有的。bring out使显现，符合句意。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，用that引导定语从句，故答案为B。4．It is said that a most popular emoji (expression of emotion on the Internet) is the “face with the rolling eyes”，________ is used in 14 percent of text messages.(2017•期中，22)A．that   B．whatC．whose   D．which答案　D解析　句意为：据说，“翻白眼”成了网络上非常流行的表情符号，14%的短信用到它。空处是一个非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填which。that不引导非限制性定语从句，what不引导定语从句，whose在从句中往往作定语，均不符合该题。故答案为D。5．________ our senses are quite great and can generally meet our needs to go through the day，they are not all the things ________ they could be.(2017•华罗庚中学调研，24)A．As；that   B．Although；whatC．Though；which   D．While；that答案　D解析　句意为：尽管我们的感官很了不起，并能大体上满足我们过完一天的需求，但是这些可能并不是它们的全部。根据句意可知，前后内容存在转折关系，故第一空用although，though或while引导让步状语从句；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是things，且前面有all修饰，关系词在定语从句中作表语，应用that引导，故选D项。6．Titled Pain，the book contains 51 poems，________ written in the past three years，Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.(2017•溧水高级中学二模，26)A．most of which   B．most of themC．most of what   D．most of it答案　B解析　句意为：赵在北京向《中国日报》表示，《痛苦》这本书包含了51首诗，它们中大部分是在过去三年中写成的。________ written in the past three years中没有谓语动词，故不是从句，不需要连词。实际上此处是一个独立主格结构，most of them为逻辑主语，written in the past three years为逻辑谓语，故选B。7．As a student of Senior Three，he has very little free time ________ he can spend developing his own interest.(2017•南京九中学情调研，23)A．when   B．in whichC．at which   D．that答案　D解析　句意为：作为一名高三学生，他几乎没有空闲时间可以发展自己的兴趣。此处先行词time被little修饰，所以用关系代词that作及物动词spend的宾语。8．Yang Jiang’s Reaching the Brink of Life，the title of ________ refers to her late husband’s collection of essays，was published at the age of 97.(2017•南京学情调研，32)A．that   B．whichC．whose   D．what答案　B解析　句意为：杨绛的《走到人生边上》在她97岁时出版，该书的标题指的是她已故丈夫的散文集。分析句子成分可知，本题为定语从句。先行词为Reaching the Brink of Life，在从句中作of的宾语，先行词指物，因此用which，结合句意可知which符合题意。9．The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book，________ both of them fail to express.(2017•南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，29)A．where   B．whenC．who   D．which答案　D解析　句意为：这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表达其内心的想法。分析句子成分可知，本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the inner thoughts，从句中express的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知which符合题意。10．The international situation is currently undergoing great changes ________ UNESCO plays an irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation.(2017•摸底考试，34)A．that   B．whatC．which   D．where答案　D解析　句意为：国际形势正在经历着巨大的变化，其中联合国教科文组织在促进国际合作中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。这句话使用了定语从句，先行词是the international situation，定语从句中不缺少主、宾、表，缺少的是地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。故选D。11．In my opinion，one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent ________ one’s self-value and social value are realized.(2017•苏锡常镇四市二模，26)A．of which   B．with whichC．on which   D．to which答案　D解析　句意为：我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。to the extent是固定搭配，意为“达到这种程度”。which引导定语从句，指代extent，并作介词to的宾语，故答案为D。12．We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless，a world ________ each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017•南京、盐城二模，29)A．that   B．whichC．of which   D．from where答案　C解析　句意为：我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界，一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为world，代入定语从句后为every corner of the world is a true paradise，故选C项。13．According to the report，the government will hold a meeting ________ people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.(2017•如皋调研，21)A．which   B．whereC．when   D．whose答案　B解析　句意为：据报道，政府将举行一个会议，在会议上，人们可以表达他们对当今全球经济的看法。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a meeting，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。14．Teachers in primary schools ________ influence the kids fall under should be role models.(2017•苏北六市联考，27)A．whose   B．whoC．where   D．which答案　A解析　句意为：小学老师们应该成为榜样，孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知，teachers是定语从句的先行词，孩子是受到老师的影响，即the kids fall under the teachers’ influence，应用whose引导定语从句，作influence的定语，故选A项。15．Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill ________ they base their researches.(2017•苏北四市调研，28)A．on it   B．on thatC．on which   D．on whose答案　C解析　句意为：科学家认为计算是必要的技能，他们的研究以此为基础。本题考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，定语从句的先行词为skill，on it不能引导定语从句，介词后不能用that，排除A、B两项；把先行词代入定语从句后为they base their researches on the skill，由此可知选C项。16．Last fall，I went to the US as an exchange student.I’ll never forget my homestay there ________ I became a real DIY enthusiast.(2016•南通、扬州、泰州调研，21)A．where   B．whenC．that   D．which答案　B解析　句意为：去年秋天我去美国做交换生，我不会忘记我在当地居民家居住的时期，当时我成了一个真正的DIY爱好者。这是一个定语从句，先行词为homestay(在当地居民家居住的时期)，表示时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故选B。17．Many university graduates wish to be offered a job ________ they can find an opportunity to experience the excitement of it.(2016•镇江一模，25)A．which   B．whyC．where   D．what　答案　C解析　句意为：很多大学毕业生希望能被提供一份工作，在这份工作中他们能找到机会去体验工作中令人兴奋的事情。a job为先行词，从句中缺少抽象地点状语in the job，故用关系副词where。18．There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.A．as  B．that  C．when  D．where答案　A解析　本句是as引导的非限制性定语从句，代指前面整个句子，在从句中作主语。as is often the case事实往往如此。19．It wasn’t easy having my friends talk about their freshman years ________ I wasn’t a part of.(2016•南京、盐城二模，31)A．whom   B．whenC．that   D．what答案　C解析　句意为：让我们的朋友讲述大学一年级时候的事情，而在那时候我又没有在其中，这样做是很难的。定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词是years，故用关系代词that。20．As a dark horse，China’s football team was through to the quarterfinals ________ it lost to the host country Australia.A．as   B．whatC．that   D．where答案　D解析　句意为：中国足球队作为一匹黑马一举进入四分之一决赛，在四分之一决赛中，输给了东道主澳大利亚队。quarterfinals为定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导。故选D项。