第9讲 特殊句式与主谓一致 1．The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017•江苏，24)A．is B．are C．was D．were答案 C解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。因此选C。2．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017•天津，6)A．regard B．is regardedC．are regarded D．regards答案 B解析 考查主谓一致和语态。句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。故选B项。3．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017•天津，11)A．who B．whereC．which D．that答案 D解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉，然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断，“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故空格处应用that。4．Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016•江苏，34)A．they had encouraged B．had they encouraged C．did they encourage D．they encouraged答案 C解析 考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until可知，本句要用部分倒装形式，先排除A、D两项；encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。5．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.(2016•天津，13)A．who B．which C．where D．that答案 D解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。6．Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.(2015•天津，3)A．she realized B．has she realized C．she has realized D．did she realize答案 D解析 考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语“when Lily walked into the office”可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。7．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015•重庆，9)A．while B．thoughC．that D．after答案 C解析 考查强调句。句意为：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century。故选C。8．If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.(2015•北京，31)A．to accept B．acceptC．accepting D．accepted答案 D解析 考查省略句。句意为：如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，所以选D。9．It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.(2015•湖南，27)A．is；takes B．are；takesC．are；take D．is；take答案 A解析 考查主谓一致。句意为：成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现，记住这些很重要。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A项。10．Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015•湖南，31)A．to keep B．to have keptC．keep D．have kept答案 C解析 考查祈使句。句意为：一直要记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用keep。keep in mind记住，是固定搭配。11．No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(2014•陕西，17)A．had Mo Yan B．Mo Yan hadC．has Mo Yan D．Mo Yan has答案 A解析 考查倒装及时态。no sooner had sb.done...than...引导时间状语从句，且当no sooner位于主句句首时，主句用部分倒装，即将主句中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前，排除B、D两项；由从句时态可知用过去完成时，助动词had提前。故选A。12．It was the culture，rather than the language，________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014•福建，29)A．where B．whyC．that D．what答案 C解析 考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言，使他很难适应国外的新环境。这里强调主语部分the culture，rather than the language，所以用that引导。故选C。13．Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry？(2014•四川，3)A．why B．whoC．where D．that答案 D解析 考查强调句。句意为：是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的？此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句，所强调的是主句的原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故选that。14．________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014•大纲全国，33)A．Calling B．CallC．To call D．Having called答案 B解析 考查祈使句。句意为：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”这一固定句式结构。故B项正确。15．All we need ________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014•湖南，32)A．are B．wasC．is D．were答案 C解析 考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数，且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选C。16．—I spent two weeks in London last summer.—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_____ you？(2014•重庆，10)A．mustn’t B．haven’tC．didn’t D．hadn’t答案 C解析 考查反意疑问句。答语句意为：那你在伦敦逗留期间肯定去看过大英博物馆，对吗？must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，结构为“didn’t...？”。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，故C项正确。17．“Never for a second，” the boy says，“________that my father would come to my rescue.”(2013•江苏，27)A．I doubted B．do I doubtC．I have doubted D．did I doubt答案 D 解析 句意为：这个男孩说：“我从不怀疑我父亲会来救我。”当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装。故本题要用部分倒装。再根据would come to...可知，是在讲过去发生的事，故用过去时。18．At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013•辽宁，26)A．they actually brokeB．do they actually breakC．did they actually breakD．they had actually broken答案 C解析 考查倒装句型。at no time为介词短语，当其位于句首时，句子应该用部分倒装，根据第二个句子可知时态为过去时。故选C。19．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.(2013•新课标全国Ⅰ，28)A．not to do B．not toC．not do D．do not答案 B解析 考查不定式的否定及省略。句意为：司机想把车停在路边，但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police为干扰部分，可以去掉，句式为ask sb.to do sth.的被动语态的否定形式。A选项后加it也正确。20．Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.(2013•江苏，21)A．is B．are C．was D．were答案 A 解析 考查时态与主谓一致。句意为：一般来说，来自别人较高的期望值与学生内在的驱动力对他们的发展至关重要。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语部分为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词inner motivation为第三人称单数。该题说的是普遍现象，故用一般现在时。 1．在复习复合句的倒装时，要注意分清倒装主句还是倒装从句。一般来说要倒装主句，从句倒装包括两种情形：一是as引导的让步状语从句；二是if虚拟条件句。在if虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有should，were或had，可把if省去，把should，were或had提到主语前构成倒装。Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。Had I known her telephone number，I would have rung her up.如果我知道她的电话号码，我早就打电话给她了。2．在not only...but also...；hardly...when...；no sooner...than...结构中，前半部分倒装而后半部分不倒装。Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来了。3．强调句型It is/was...that/who...结构中，it是引导词，本身没有词义，仅起连接作用。It was not until a few months later that he knew the story.直到几个月后，他才知道这故事。4．当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语动词为be时，可以省略从句的主语和be。Be careful while (you are) crossing the street.过街时要小心。If (it is) possible，he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮助你摆脱困境。5．由with，along with，together with，like，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，in addition to等连接的并列名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前面的名词。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。6．“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面提到的肯定的情况也适合后者；“so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示“……的确如此”。He has been to China，so have we.他去过中国，我们也去过。—He works hard.—So he does.——他工作努力。——他确实是这样。7．“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时句子要用部分倒装；“only＋主语”位于句首时句子不倒装。Only in this way can the experiment succeed.惟有这样做，试验才能成功。Only his father was right.只有他的父亲是对的。8．在以地点副词here，there开头的倒装句中，如果句子的主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不需要倒装。比较：Here he comes.他来了。Here comes the teacher.老师来了。9．由and连接的两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词通常用复数；但当and连接的两个词语指同一人、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.书记兼经理出席了会议。The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.书记和经理出席了会议。10．强调句与其他句型的结合考查，如与定语从句、not...until...句型的结合考查。It was in this factory where his father once worked that he found a job.他在父亲曾经工作过的工厂找到了一份工作。It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.直到他生了重病，才知道健康的重要性。11．介词but的前面有do时，后面的不定式省略to。即前有do，后无to。We could do nothing but wait here.我们除了在这儿等，什么也不能干。12．一些集合名词如audience，committee，family，class，group，team等，如果指整体意义，谓语动词用单数；如果指具体的成员，谓语动词用复数。The committee is to deal with this matter.委员会要处理这起事件。The committee are divided in opinion.委员们意见不一致。13．“many a＋单数名词”和“more than one＋单数名词”是复数意义，但谓语动词用单数。Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。More than one student is in favor of the plan.许多学生支持这一计划。 1．It is not so much the language ________ the cultural background ________ makes the film difficult to understand.(2017•仪征中学检测，28)A．that；as B．what；asC．as；that D．as；what答案 C解析 考查强调句。句意为：与其说是语言倒不如说是文化背景使得电影难以理解。not so much...as...为固定短语，意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。第二空的that和句首的it is构成强调句型，强调句子的主语。2．At the back of the old temple ________ twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda.(2017•亭湖检测，21)A．does stand；a 8-storeyedB．do stand；a 8-storyC．stands；an 8-storeyD．stand；an 8-storey答案 D解析 考查倒装句。句意为：在古庙的后面有12个巨大的石像还有一个八层的佛塔。这句话是地点状语提前的倒装句，用完全倒装，谓语提前，因为主语是twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda，together with连接两个主语时，谓语和前面的主语保持一致，故这里谓语用复数；第二空是复合形容词，8-storey以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故选D项。3．Only after we value growth enough to start enlarging ourselves ________ through a strong barrier.(2017•镇江期中，34)A．we have broken B．did we breakC．have we broken D．we broke答案 C解析 考查倒装句。句意为：只有在我们充分重视增长来扩大自我之后，我们才算突破了一个强大的障碍。“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故排除A、D两项；根据从句的时态是一般现在时可知，此处主句要用现在完成时。故选C项。4．—Have you got any plans for the New Year’s Day Holiday?—Yes.________ possible，I’m going to travel in Beijing.(2017•苏北四市调研，29)A．Though B．UnlessC．While D．If答案 D解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为：——你已经有元旦假期的计划了吗？——是的。如果有可能的话，我打算去北京旅游。分析句子成分可知，本题为状语从句的省略结构。根据句意可知If possible符合。If possible＝If it is possible表示“如果有可能”。5．I don’t think he could have held an important job in government a few years ago，________？(2017•盐城景山中学调研，35)A．did he B．do IC．could he D．has he答案 A解析 考查反意疑问句。句意为：我认为几年前他不可能在政府里担任重要的工作，是吗？当主句是I think/believe/suppose/imagine等时，其后的反意疑问句要反问从句，且从句中的could have done是表示对过去情况的推测。故答案为A。6．Could it be in the restaurant ________ we had a dinner last night ________ you left your key？(2017•盐城景山中学调研，22)A．that；where B．in which；whereC．where；that D．where；where答案 C解析 考查强调句型和定语从句。句意为：你会不会是在我们昨晚吃饭的那个饭店里丢了你的钥匙？第一空where引导定语从句，修饰restaurant；第二空为强调句型，强调地点状语in the restaurant。7．Tony always works out development schemes faster than others.Is it ________ he graduated from a top university ________ counts？(2017•月考，34)A．because；that B．that；whichC．that；that D．why；what答案 C解析 考查主语从句和强调句。句意为：托尼制定发展规划总是比别人快。难道和他毕业于一所顶尖的大学有关吗？此处为强调句，强调主语，而主语是that引导的主语从句。故选C项。8．________ more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.(2017•月考，33)A．Scattered around the globe areB．Scattering are around the globeC．Are around the globe scatteredD．Are scattered around the globe答案 A解析 考查倒装句。句意为：地球上散落分布着100多个小而离散的火山活跃区，地质学家称之为“热点”。正常语序是More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.表语提前，把系动词提到主语前面构成倒装。9．He doesn’t own an NBA championship ring，________ in the face with champagne(香槟) after the NBA finals.(2017•宿迁青华中学月考，32)A．he has neither been sprayedB．nor has he been sprayedC．either has he been sprayedD．so he has been sprayed答案 B解析 考查倒装句。句意为：他没有自己的NBA总冠军戒指，也没有在NBA总决赛后被香槟酒喷到脸上。not...nor...既不……也不……，否定词置于句首时，句子要用倒装结构。故选B项。10．I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus，________？(2017•月考，29)A．hadn’t you B．wouldn’t youC．aren’t I D．didn’t she答案 B解析 考查反意疑问句。句意为：我确定你宁愿让她坐公交车去学校，是不是？此处考查的是I’m sure引导的从句的反意疑问句，应该是与后面的从句保持一致；在从句中涉及到了would rather的虚拟语气的使用，但并不影响反意疑问句的生成，故用wouldn’t you即可。故选 B项。11．—How was the televised debate last night?—Super！Rarely ________ so much media attention.(2017•月考，23)A．a debate attracted B．did a debate attractC．a debate did attract D．attracted a debate答案 B解析 考查倒装句。否定副词rarely表示“很少地，罕有地”位于句首时后面的句子要用部分倒装，即“助动词＋主语＋动词”的形式。故选B项。12．—________ that otherwise successful people and companies don’t break through to the next level?—I think they are too content with themselves to move on.(2017•南京学情调研，29)A．How it is B．How is itC．What it is D．What is it答案 B解析 考查强调句。句意为：——原本可能成功的人和公司为何没能突破到下一个层次？——我想他们太自满而无法进步。分析句子成分可知，本题为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...。根据句意可知How is it符合。13．Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that ________ as she was too careless.(2017•镇江一模，34)A．she was so B．so was sheC．so did she D．she did so答案 D解析 考查省略句。句意为：Anne丢了钱包，但是她妈妈对此一点都不感到惊讶，因为她太粗心了。she did so相当于she lost her wallet，为了避免重复，用此结构。故选D项。14．Years may wrinkle the skin，but it is to give up enthusiasm ________ wrinkles the soul.(2017•苏锡常镇四市一模，29)A．who B．whichC．that D．when答案 C解析 考查强调句。句意为：岁月流逝只令容颜苍老，但是激情不再却能使心灵枯萎。强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其余部分。本句对主语to give up enthusiasm进行了强调。故选C项。15．—How impressive John’s painting is!—Actually，it was 2 years after he retired ________ he started to learn drawing.(2017•苏北六市联考，31)A．before B．sinceC．until D．that答案 D解析 考查强调句。句意为：——John的画给人的印象好深刻啊！——事实上，他退休两年后才开始学画画的。根据句子结构可知，此句为强调句，被强调部分为时间状语2 years after he retired。故选D项。16．As a common sense，children’s involvement in social activities，athletics and hobbies ________ just as important as academic achievement.(2016•苏锡常镇四市一模，22)A．is B．areC．was D．were答案 A解析 考查主谓一致。句意为：孩子参加社会活动、体育运动和业余爱好是和学业成就同等重要的，这是常识。句子的主语是children’s involvement，是单数形式；另外作为常识，应用一般现在时。17．________ on mobile phones for storing information that people are unable to remember basic things.(2016•苏锡常镇四市一模，29)A．Such is the dependence B．Such dependence doesC．So they are dependent D．So do they depend答案 A解析 考查倒装句。句意为：这就是人们对手机储存信息的依赖，以至于人们记不住最基本的东西。such...that...结构表示“如此……以至于……”，such实际上是be动词后的表语，被提前到了句首。C项如改为So dependent are they也正确。18．Dogs barked madly while fish jumped out of water.In no time ________ as a prediction of a coming earthquake.A．the phenomena were noticedB．the phenomena was noticedC．were the phenomena noticedD．was the phenomena noticed答案 A解析 考查倒装结构及主谓一致。句意为：狗疯狂地叫，鱼儿跳出水面。这些预示地震即将到来的现象立刻引起了注意。in no time立刻，马上，不含否定含义，因此置于句首时句子不需要倒装。另外phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式。故选A项。19．“Not until I knew much about Nanking Massacre，”the foreigner says，“________ the significance of setting the National Memorial Day.”A．had I understood B．did I understandC．I have understood D．I understood答案 B解析 考查倒装句。句意为：这个外国人说：“直到我了解了很多关于南京大屠杀的事，我才意识到设立国家公祭日的重要性。”“not until＋从句”放在了句首，引起主句部分倒装；另外understand这一动作发生在know之后，不需要用过去完成时，故选B项。20．—Sorry，Joe.I did not mean to...—Don’t call me “Joe”．I am Mr Parker to you，and ________ you forget it!A．mustn’t B．didn’tC．shouldn’t D．don’t答案 D解析 考查祈使句。句意为：——对不起，Joe。我没打算……。——不要叫我“Joe”，对你来说我是帕克先生，你没有忘了吧！祈使句的否定结构是在句子前面加do not或don’t。故选D项。
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