Review of Units 3-4
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. hobby
hobby作名词，意为“兴趣；爱好”。例如：
His hobby is fishing.
他的爱好是钓鱼。
One of my hobbies is painting.
我的业余爱好之一是画画。
【拓展】
其他表达喜好的句型：
enjoy sth./doing sth.
be keen on sth./doing sth.
be into sth./doing sth.
feel like sth./doing sth.
be fond of sth./doing sth.
be crazy about sth./doing sth.
be inserested in sth./doing sth.
2. collect
collect作及物动词，意为“收集，搜集”。例如：
collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币
【拓展】collection作名词，意为“收藏品、收集物”。是动词collect 的名词形式，是由动词collect后缀-tion变化来的。collector 名词，意为“收藏家”。例如：
These are my collections.
这些是我的收藏品。
My brother has a very good collection of stamps.
我的弟弟收集了许多邮票。
Mark is a famous stamp collector.
Mark是一位著名的邮票收藏家。
3. lend
lend作及物动词，意为“借给，借出”，表示“自己”借给“他人”。常用结构有：lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物。例如：
Can you lend me your ruler? = Can you lend your ruler to me?
把你的尺子借给我好吗？
【辨析】
lend
借出，借给
表示把东西借给他人
常用搭配：lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb.
borrow
借入，借来
表示从他人借入
常用搭配：borrow sth. from sb.
例如：
She borrows an English dictionary from her classmate and lends a pen to her friend.
她向同学借了一本字典，并把一支钢笔借给了朋友。
4. wonder
wonder作及物动词，意为“想知道；对……感到怀疑”，常见的用法有：
(1) 后接who, what，why，where 等引导的宾语从句。例如：
I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是谁。
She wondered what the child was doing.
她感到疑惑，孩子究竟在干什么。
I wonder why Ann is late. 我想知道安为什么迟到了。
I wonder where they have gone. 我想知道他们去哪儿了。
(2) 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示“对……感到惊讶”，that常可省去。例如：
I wonder (that) she has won the race.
我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。
(3) 后接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。例如：
She wondered whether you were free that morning.
她想知道你那天上午是否有空。
I wonder if he will succeed.
我不知道他会不会成功。
5. agree
agree作不及物动词，意为“同意”，I agree意为“同意，赞成”，I don’t agree表示“不赞成某人或某人的观点”，常用于交际用语中。另外，agree后接不定式，但不能接动名词。
例如：
She agreed to lend me the book. 她同意把那本书借给我。
I agree to meet him tomorrow. 我同意明天见他。
【拓展】
agree with和agree to(to为介词)都表示“同意，赞同”，但后面所接的宾语不同。agree with后接指人或表示意见、看法的词；agree to后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的词。例如：
I quite agree with you. 我很同意你（的意见）。
Do you agree with what I have said? 你同意我所说的话吗？
He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们度假的建议了。
6. beat
beat作及物动词，有以下用法：
（1）意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为beat。例如：
I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。
（2）意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：
Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？
（3）表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如：
I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：
beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。例如：
Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。
Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？
7. share
（1）share用作及物动词，意为“共用；合用；分享”。例如：
It’s hard to share power. 权力很难分享。
（2）share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。例如：
Tony shared his chocolate with other kids.
托尼把他的巧克力与其他孩子分着吃了。
She shares a house with two other students.
她与另外两个同学合住一所房子。
8. thousand
thousand是数词，意为“千”，当表示具体的“几千”时，用“基数词 + thousand”，注意不加-s。例如：
There are nine thousand students in our school. 我们学校有9000名学生。
【拓展】
（1）thousands of 表示“数千，成千上万的”，这时thousand后要加-s，且后面有介词of，但是不能与数词连用。例如：
There are thousands of people in the street. 在街上有成千上万的人。
（2）表示数词的还有hundred“百”，million“百万”，billion“十亿”。它们的用法和thousand一样，可以用来表示约数和确数。例如：
More than nine hundred people have died in the fighting.
900多人在这场战斗中丧生。
The programme was viewed on television in millions of homes.
无数家庭通过电视收看了这个节目。
9. find out
find out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如：
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
【拓展】
（1）find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。
例如：
He didn’t find his book. 他没有找到他的书。
（2）look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：
Jim is looking for his little dog. 吉姆正在找他的狗。
10. protect
protect为及物动词，意为“保护”。常用搭配protect sb./sth. from…，意为“保护某人/某物免受……伤害”。例如：
We should protect rare animals.
我们应该保护珍稀动物。
Parents protect their young from danger.
父母保护他们的儿女不受伤害。
11. look up
look up 意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词可放在look和up之间，也可放在look up 之后；如果代词作宾语，则只能放在look和up之间。例如：
Look up the word in the book, and you will know its meaning.
在书中查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。
Please look them up in the dictionary carefully.
请仔细在词典中查一下它们。
12. pay attention to
pay attention to表示“注意；留心；专心”，该短语中to是介词，后面可以接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。例如：
Don’t pay any attention to Nina— she doesn’t know what she’s talking about.
别理睬Nina——她根本不知道自己在说什么。
You must pay attention to the problems of spelling in your writing.
你必须注意你写作中的拼写问题。
You should pay more attention to observing.
你应该多注意观察。
词汇精练
I. 根据首字母提示及汉语意思写单词。
1. My h_____ is collecting stamps.
2. A f thing happened in the subway yesterday.
3. He waited for us with a letter of i .
4. True f is worth more than money.
5. I _______ (想知道) if there are some seats still available.
6. After a brief________ (平静), fighting broke out again.
7. He has run out of food, his children are h__________.
8. It’s our duty and responsibility to (保护) this land.
9. The job was (完美的); there was not a single mistake.
10. After several years’ study he got a lot of (知识).
II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。
1. He is ______ (interested) in art, and music, and books, and so on.
2. They have a large ______ (collect) of fishes.
3. The local people are always very ______ (friend) towards tourists.
4. He hopes that his reasons may be ______ (understand).
5. Tom, let me ______ (introduction) my friend to you.
6. Everything is very green and______ (peace) .
7. They said the ship was ________ (miss).
8. The foreign visitors are going to travel in some________ (south) provinces of China.
9. She asked the police ________ (search) for missing soldiers.
10. The Chinese version of the English novel ________ (appear) in the early 1950s.
III. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。
agree with sb., wake up, be fond of, lose oneself in…, look up，
less and less, in danger, die out, thousands of，in a low voice
1. We talked because we didn’t want to wake the baby up.
2. The water in the lake is getting _____________.
3. The dam was __________ because of the rising flood.
4. She the beauty of this early spring morning.
5. We can the word in the dictionary.
6. people ran into the stadium to watch the football match.
7. I’m really very swimming in summer.
8. I used to early and get up at 6:30.
9. Many whales were killed that we are afraid that they might .
10. He gets angry when people do not him.
【参考答案】
I.根据首字母提示及汉语意思写单词。
1. hobby 2.funny 3. introduction 4. friendship
5. wonder 6. peace 7.hungry 8.protect
9. perfect 10. knowledge
II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。
1. interested 2. collection 3. friendly 4. understood. 5. introduce
6. peaceful 7. missing 8. southern 9. to search 10. appeared
III. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。
1. in a low voice 2. less and less 3. in danger
4. lost herself in 5. look up 6. Thousands of
7. fond of 8. wake up 9. die out
10. agree with
句式精讲
1. Maybe I need a change.
maybe作副词，主要用于非正式场合，口语中常用，意为“也许，大概”。它通常放在句子的开头，在句子中作状语。例如：
Maybe they won’t come here tonight. 他们大概今晚不会来这儿。
Maybe she is happy. 也许她是幸福的。
【拓展】
may be是“情态动词may+动词原形be”构成的，在句中做谓语，意为“可能是、大概是”。例如：
She may be at home. 她可能在家。（也可以说：Maybe she is at home.）
You may be right. 你可能是对的。（也可以说：Maybe you are right.）
2. I used to collect baseball cards.
used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。
肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school.
过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。
否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs. =You usedn’t to like pop songs.
你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。
一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?
你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？
there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river.
过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。
【拓展】
（1）be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。例如：
Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。
（2）be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：
My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在村子里。
3. But the girl was afraid to go home without selling one box of matches.
（1）be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接名词、代词或of doing sth. 表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”。例如：
She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。
She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。
I’m afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。
（2）但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。
例如：
I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。
【拓展】
be afraid后可接that从句，表示“担心……”。例如：
He is afraid that his father will be unhappy.
他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。
4. And then they felt too tired to work on Monday mornings.
too…to…意为“太……而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的，但意义上却表示否定含义，所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not，只接动词原形即可，too后接形容词或副词原形。
例如：
The book is too difficult to understand. 这本书难于理解。
【拓展】
(1 )在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后所跟的介词不能省略。
例如：
The room is too small to live in. 这房间太小了不能住。
(2) 在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式的宾语实际上就是这个句子的主语时，动词不定式后面不能再加代词作宾语。
例如：
The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难了，无法回答。
(3) 在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式能确切说明动作执行者时，可以在动词不定式前面加上逻辑主语，即for sb.形式。例如：
The box is too heavy for him to carry. 箱子太沉了，他搬不动。
(4) 含too…to…的句子可以改写成so…that…句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。例如：
He is too old to do hard work. =
He is so old that he can’t do hard work. 他年纪太大而不能干重活。
(5) 含too…to…的句子也可以用“not + 形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”句型来替换，但注意要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。例如：
He is too old to do hard work. =
He is not young enough to do hard work. 他年纪大了，不能做重活。
5. What are you thinking about?
(1) think about意为“考虑；就……思考”。提问对某人或某事的看法应该用疑问词what。此时think about可与think of互换。例如：
Are you thinking about the question? 你在考虑那个问题吗？
What do you think about that man? 你认为那个人怎么样？
(2) What do/did sb. think about/ of…? 这是询问某人对某事（人）的看法常用的句型，意为“……认为……怎么样？”，答语往往是对某物（人）的评价。例如：
— What do you think about / of the book written by him?
你认为他写的那本书怎么样？
— It is very good. 很好。
(3) What do you think of…?可以和How do you like…?互换。例如：
What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样？
6. But now they have less and less land to live on.
本句中less是little的比较级，less and less意为“越来越少”。形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级，这种句型表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意思是“越来越......”。
例如：
longer and longer 越来越长； more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。
Summer is coming. The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
夏天来了，天气变得越来越热了。
【拓展】另两种表示比较的句型：
（1）“The ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语，the ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语”。这个句型是形容词/副词比较级的叠加用法，表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意思是“越……，（就）越……”。例如：
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
你越小心，出现的问题就越少。
（2）as+形容词/副词的原级+as...。这个句型表示同级比较，即比较的结果是一样的，在as和as的中间用形容词或副词的原级。在否定句中既可以用not as...as...，也可以用not so... as...，表示前者不如后者。例如：
He is as tall as my brother. 他和我的弟弟一样高。
It is not as/ so warm as it was yesterday. 今天不如昨天暖和。
7. Because animals are our friends. They make us happy.
make + sb.+ 形容词，make是谓语动词，sb.是make的宾语，后面的形容词在此作宾语补足语。例如：
Rainy days make me sad. 雨天让我很悲伤。
What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。
【拓展】
（1）make +sb.+ 过去分词，此处的过去分词相当于形容词作宾补。例如：
Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed.
在雨中等他让我很烦。
（2）make + sb.+动词原形，此处的动词原形也叫省略to的不定式作宾补。例如：
Sad movies always make me cry. 伤感的电影经常让我哭泣。
Loud music makes her want to dance. 高声的音乐让她想跳舞。
（3）be made to+动词原形，此处是make的被动语态，要还原动词不定式的to，即be made to do sth.意为“被使做某事”。例如：
The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.
→He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.
老板使他一天工作15个小时。
8. What did it look like?
look like意为“看起来像……” 应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如：
He looks like a famous movie star.
他看起来像一个电影明星。
That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have.
那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。
It looks like it’s going to rain soon.
天看起来要下雨。
【拓展】
（1）take after意为“像……，与……相似”。take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如：
She took after her mother almost in everything.
她几乎与她母亲一模一样。
Adam was my grandfather and I take after him.
亚当是我的祖父，我和他很相像
（2）be similar to一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。例如：
His problem is similar to yours.
他的问题和你的相似。
句式精练
Ⅰ. 按要求改写句子，每空一词。
1. You must eat something.（改为否定句）
You ______ eat ______.
2. He used to be a teacher.（改为一般疑问句）
______ he ______ to be a teacher?
3. There aren’t any treasures in the Underground Palace, ______ _______?（改为反意疑问句）
4. You’d better ask our teacher for help.（改为否定句）
You’d ______ _______ ask our teacher for help.
5. He is going to see a film on Sunday.（对划线部分提问）
______ is he going to ______ on Sunday?
6. Why not go out and have a picnic?（改为同义句）
______ ______ going out and having a picnic?
7. It took them 40 minutes to watch TV.（改为同义句）
They 40 minutes ______ ______ TV.
8. I think he will work hard this term.（改为否定句）
I _______ think he _______ work hard this term.
9. It’s nothing serious, _______ _______ ?（改为反意疑问句）
10. He did his homework yesterday.（改为否定句）
He ________ _______ his homework yesterday.
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．我对打篮球很感兴趣。
I________ ________ _______ playing basketball.
2．我过去常收集棒球卡，但现在我喜欢养宠物。
I collect baseball cards, but now I enjoy keeping pets.
3．所有宠物都给主人提供爱和安慰。
All pets their owners love and comfort.
4．你能把你的自行车借给我吗?
Could you your bike me?
5. 古典音乐使他快乐。
Classical music .
6. 我同意你刚才所说的话。
I what you said just now.
7. 这个小女孩不敢回家。
The little girl go home.
8. 没有热带雨林，许多动物和植物将会灭绝。
Many animals and plants would without rainforests.
9. 让我在网上查明这个信息。
Let me the information online.
10. 我们不应该花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
We shouldn’t computer games.
III. 补全对话。
根据对话内容，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（有两个选项为多余选项）。
A. I hope so, too.
B. What’s the weather like in Winter?
C. Is that true?
D. I don’t think so.
E. Thank you for your kindness.
F. Yes, it’s really a nice and bright day.
G. What about your hometown?
A: It is such a lovely day. I love sunshine.
B: 1 .
A: I hope it stays like this.
B: 2 .
A: Is the weather usually like this here?
B: A bit hotter than today.
A: 3 .
B: It’s pretty cold and it often snows in winter. 4 .
A: A lot like the weather here, not too hot or cold.
B: I heard it rains a lot. 5 .
A: Mmm, yes. It rains but not any more than other places.
【参考答案】
I. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。
1. mustn’t, anything 2. Did, use 3. are there 4. better not
5. What, do 6. How/ What about 7. spent, in watching
8. don’t, will 9. is it 10. didn’t do
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. am interested in
2. used to
3. provide , with
4. lend ,to
5. makes him happy
6. agree with
7. was afraid to
8. die out
9. find out
10. spend much time playing
III. 补全对话。
1. F 2.A 3.B 4.G 5.C
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