Unit 4 Our World
句式精讲精练
【句式精讲】
1. What are you thinking about?
(1) think about意为“考虑；就……思考”。此时think about与think of意思相近，可以互换。例如：
Are you thinking about the question? 你在考虑那个问题吗？
What are you thinking about? 你在想什么？
(2) What do/did sb. think of…? 这是询问某人对某事（人）的看法常用的句型，意为“……认为……怎么样？”，答语往往是对某物（人）的评价。例如：
— What do you think of the book written by him?
你认为他写的那本书怎么样？
— It is very good. 很好。
(3) What do you think of…?可以和How do you like…?互换。例如：
What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样？
2. But now they have less and less land to live on.
本句中less是little的比较级，less and less意为“越来越少”。形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级，这种句型表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意思是“越来越……”。
例如： longer and longer 越来越长； more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。
Summer is coming. The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
夏天来了，天气变得越来越热了。
【拓展】另两种表示比较的句型：（1）“The ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语，the ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语”。这个句型是形容词/副词比较级的叠加用法，表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意思是“越……，（就）越……”。例如： The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越小心，出现的问题就越少。（2）as+形容词/副词的原级+as... 这个句型表示同级比较，即比较的结果是一样的，在as和as的中间用形容词或副词的原级。在否定句中既可以用not as...as...，也可以用not so... as...，表示前者不如后者。例如： He is as tall as my brother. 他和我的弟弟一样高。 It is not as/ so warm as it was yesterday. 今天不如昨天暖和。
3. Because animals are our friends. They make us happy.
make + sb.+ 形容词，make是谓语动词，sb.是make的宾语，后面的形容词在此作宾语补足语。例如：
Rainy days make me sad. 雨天让我很悲伤。
What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。
【拓展】
（1）make +sb.+ 过去分词，此处的过去分词相当于形容词作宾补。例如：
Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed.
在雨中等他让我很烦。
（2）make + sb.+动词原形，此处的动词原形也叫省略to的不定式作宾补。例如：
Sad movies always make me cry. 伤感的电影经常让我哭泣。
Loud music makes her want to dance. 高声的音乐让她想跳舞。
（3）be made to+动词原形，此处是make的被动语态，要还原动词不定式的to，即be made to do sth.意为“被使做某事”。例如：
The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.
→He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.
老板使他一天工作15个小时。
4. It’s a little cheaper.
a little可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、形容词或副词的比较级、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：
He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。
She was only a little over fifty years old. 她才五十多一点。
【拓展】 a little与a bit的辨析：
（1）a little可修饰形容词或副词（包括比较级）；可直接修饰不可数名词；用于否定句时，not a little表示“非常，十分”，相当于very。例如：
We may need a little help. 我们也许需要一点帮助。
I’m not a little tired. 我非常累。
（2）a bit修饰形容词或副词，可与a little互换；修饰不可数名词时要加of；用于否定句时，not a bit表示“一点也不”，相当于“not at all”。例如：
We may need a bit of help. 我们也许需要一点帮助。
I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。
5. What did it look like?
look like意为“看起来像……” 应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如：
He looks like a famous movie star.
他看起来像一个电影明星。
That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have.
那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。
It looks like it’s going to rain soon.
天看起来要下雨。
【拓展】
（1）take after意为“像……，与……相似”。take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如：
She took after her mother almost in everything.
她几乎与她母亲一模一样。
Adam was my grandfather and I take after him.
亚当是我的祖父，我和他很相像
（2）be similar to一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。例如：
His problem is similar to yours.
他的问题和你的相似。
6. We shouldn’t spend too much time on it.
spend是动词，意为“花费（时间或金钱）”。其过去式和过去分词为spent。用法如下：
时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事
spend +
时间/金钱 + on sth. 花费时间或金钱在某物上
例如：
I spend two hours reading every day. 我每天花两个小时阅读。
He spends 20 yuan on books every month. 他每月花20元买书。
【拓展】
表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：
词语
主语
结构
spend
人(sb.)
sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.
take
it作形式主语
It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)
pay
人(sb.)
sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost
sth.(物)
sth. costs sb. + 金钱
例如：
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。
I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
【句式精练】
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. The Smiths were having supper.（改为一般疑问句）
_______ the Smiths _______ supper?
2. You’d better get there early.（同义句转换）
You’d better _______ get there _______.
3. He’s mending his bike now.（用at this time yesterday改写）
He _______ _______ his bike at this time yesterday.
4. Are you sure you’re right?（作肯定回答）
_______, I’m _______.
5. He is the tallest in his class.（同义句转换）
He is _______ _______ any other student in his class.
6. My parents were repairing the computer at this time yesterday.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ your parents doing at this time yesterday?
7. The wall around this city is 13.7 kilometers long.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ is the wall around the city?
8. It took them about five hours to finish the work.（改为一般疑问句）
_______ it _______ them about five hours to finish the work?
9. I think this story is the funniest of all the stories.（同义句转换）
I think this story is _______ _______ any other story.
10. Grandma Zhou enjoys the life in the countryside because it is much cleaner there.
(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ Grandma Zhou enjoy the life in the countryside?
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1.这座桥有六百多年的历史了。
The bridge is _______ _______ 600 years old.
2. 这场比赛吸引了数千名观众。
The game drew audience.
3. 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人信服的解释。
No one have come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaur .
4. 鸟以虫和谷物为食。
Birds worms and grains.
5. 遇到危险时要保持冷静。
Try to keep cool when you’re .
6. 我们可以在字典里查这个字。
We can the word in the dictionary.
7. 飞机再过一小时燃料就将用完。
The aircraft will fuel in another hour.
8. 他叫他的孩子们要远离危险的电器。
He told his children to dangerous electrical things.
9. 他抬起胳膊挡住脸，以防挨打。
He raised his arm to his face the blow。
10. 他盼望着面对面地见见他心目中的流行乐歌星。
He is looking forward to meeting his favorite pop star .
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
根据对话内容，在每个标有题号的空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话完整，合乎情境。
A: Hi, Wang Ning! I didn’t see you yesterday. 1. ______________________________.
B: Oh, I went to the cinema and saw a film.
A: 2.___________________________?
B: It’s about animals.
A: 3. ______________________________ ?
B: It was wonderful. But it also made me very sad.
A: Did you learn a lot from the film?
B: 4.______________________________. I learned a lot about the endangered(濒于灭绝的）animals. We can’t see most of them on earth today.
A: Sorry to hear that.
B: I think we should do something to save them. Let’s join the Love Animal Club first.
B: 5.______________________________. I think the club must be helpful and interesting.
A: Then we should do it as soon as possible.
B: OK.
参考答案
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. Were; having 2. not; late 3. was mending 4. Yes; sure 5.taller than
6. What were 7. How long 8. Did; take 9. funnier than 10. Why does
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. more than 2. thousands of 3. die out 4. feed on 5. in danger
6. look up 7. run out of 8. stay away from 9. protect; from 10. face to face.
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
1. Where did you go?
2. What is the film about?
3. What do you think of the film?/ How do you like the film?
4. Yes. (Yes, I did.)
5. Great! /That’s a good idea. /Sounds good.
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