Ⅰ 阅读理解A(2018•成都诊断)What are your retirement plans? Keep working? Get more exercise? Or learn something new? You may put__them__on__hold. There’s a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars(火星)．On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. Set in the notsodistant year of 2037, the iglooshaped structure could be the home of your future.It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisable—kitchen, bedroom—but there are fundamental differences that are vital for human survival.As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth’s, people will need permanent shelter from the sun and society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won’t have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double airlocked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.“We don’t think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre，” says Stephen Petranek, author of How We’ll Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of scifi. “Ten to twenty years from now there will certainly be people on Mars，” Petranek says.“We’ve had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we haven’t had the will，” Petranek says. “But two main factors have completely swung public attitudes.”The private companies’ participation has forced government agencies to up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught society’s eye.【解题导语】 本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍。1．What can we know about the show home from the text?A．It has no windows or doors due to security concern.B．Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.C．It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.D．Its underground passages connect all the buildings together.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句可推知，火星样板房的设计采用了可回收的宇宙飞船上的一些部件，体现了环保意识，故选B。2．What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Put them off. B．Give them away.C．Carry them through. D．Take them seriously.A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句可推知，之前的列举都可能被搁置下来，而去火星居住迟早会成为可能，故选A。3．According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars?A．The great influence of Mars show home.B．The development of related technology.C．The competition from private companies.D．The popularity of influential books on Mars.C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The private companies’ participation has forced government agencies to up their game”可知，Petranek认为一些私人企业的参与促进了送人类去火星居住这一设想的进程，故选C。4．What is the best title for the text?A．Living on Mars: Possible or NotB．Sending People to Mars: Yes or NoC．First Ever Show Home: How Is It Made?D．Future Home on Mars: What Will It Be like?D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍，故选D。B(2018•广州高三综合测试)Many people would love to leave their jobs behind and have a lifechanging adventure overseas.They imagine lying under palm trees as the sun goes down.However，life overseas is not always easy，and many are not prepared for the shock of living in an alien culture.The honeymoon periodAt first，for those who actually decide to move abroad，life is an exciting adventure.They enjoy exploring their new surroundings，and life seems like an extended holiday.They don’t mind trying the local cuisine and discovering the local culture.They can even afford to practise their foreignlanguage skills without fear of making mistakes.Trouble in paradiseIn many cases，when people consider moving to another country，they often fail to realize how different life will be.As time goes by，they become frustrated when language and cultural misunderstandings become a daily headache.In this stage，the visitors begin to withdraw from life in the host country and avoid spending time with local people in favour of mixing with others from their own cultural background.The road to recoveryGradually，most visitors realize they must accept the differences and not fight against them.This change encourages them to improve their language skills and slowly they manage to do the things they could easily do at home，such as opening a bank account.This newfound confidence enables them to see a side of life which very few tourists get to witness.Adjusting to life abroad can often be a real problem.The secret to overcome it is to stop trying to change your host country. If not，you risk losing your dream and having to return to the old life you wanted to leave behind.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。许多人因为喜欢冒险和探索，所以移居国外生活，但文化的差异和语言的不同又使得他们很沮丧，因此作者建议移居国外的人最好能够学好当地语言以适应当地生活。5．Why do people moving abroad feel excited at first?A．They find foreign living much easier.B．They have the necessary language skills.C．They love the adventure and exploration.D．They enjoy meeting people from different cultures.C 解析：细节理解题。该题问的是移居海外的人最初感到兴奋的原因。根据The honeymoon period部分第一、二句可知，因为他们喜欢冒险和探索，所以会感到兴奋。故选C。6．According to the author，what is the main problem many people moving abroad face?A．Homesickness.B．Culture shock.C．Health problems.D．Lack of employment.B 解析：细节理解题。根据Trouble in paradise部分第二句以及联系本段内容可知，许多移居海外的人面临的主要问题是文化冲击。故选B。7．What would the author suggest people moving abroad do?A．Study the local language.B．Go on holidays frequently.C．Learn how to open a bank account.D．Seek out people from their home country.A 解析：推理判断题。根据The road to recovery部分第二句以及最后一段可知， 作者建议移居海外的人学习当地的语言，这样才能够适应海外的生活。故选A。Ⅱ 完形填空(2018•南昌十校模拟)When I was young, like you, I had a dream.But my dream wasn’t like that of an __1__ kid.It was to be the best tennis player __2__ simply the best “female” one in the world.__3__， I had a family encouraging me to follow my dream.I learned how important it is to __4__ a dream and to dream big.My fight began when I was three and I haven’t taken a __5__ since.But too often, most women are not supported or are __6__ from choosing their path.I hope it could be changed.For me, it was a __7__ of resilience(坚忍)．What others marked as __8__ about me—my race, my gender—I accepted as fuel for my success.I never let anything or anyone __9__ me.I controlled my future.When it comes to equal pay, it frustrates me __10__ I know firsthand that gender differences exist.I would __11__ want my daughter to be paid less than my son for the same work.Women have to __12__ many barriers to success.One is that we are constantly __13__ we are not men.People call me one of the “world’s greatest female athletes”．Why don’t they say LeBron is one of the world’s best male athletes? We should never let this go __14__．We should be judged by our achievements but not __15__．For everything I have achieved，I am __16__ to have experienced the highs and lows that come __17__ success.I hope my story will be a(n) __18__ for women to fight for their dreams.We must __19__ to dream big, and in doing so, we enable the next generation of women to be __20__ in their pursuit.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的事为例呼吁全体女性勇敢追求成功，为争取性别平等而不懈努力。1．A.ambitious B．excellentC．average D．energeticC 解析：根据“It was to be the best tennis player”以及下文内容尤其是“People call me...Why don’t they say LeBron is one of the world’s best male athletes？”可知，此处指作者说自己小时候的理想与普通孩子的是不同的，故选average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；excellent“优秀的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。2．A.instead of B．regardless ofC．other than D．more thanA 解析：结合本文主旨以及下文中的“People call me one of the ‘world’s greatest female athletes’．Why don’t they say LeBron is one of the world’s best male athletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此强调的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的网球运动员，而不是最好的女网球运动员。instead of “而不是”；regardless of “不管，不顾”；other than “除了”；more than“多于，超出”。3．A.Hopefully B．FortunatelyC．Obviously D．GenerallyB 解析：幸运的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓励她追寻自己梦想的家人。此处亦与下文中的“But too often, most women are not supported...”形成对比。hopefully “有希望地”；obviously “明显地”；generally “普遍地”。4．A.make up B．set upC．care for D．push forD 解析：根据下文中的“My fight began when...” “fight for their dreams”可知，这里指作者知道了为梦想而努力是多么重要。push for “为……而努力，力争”。make up “编造，构成”；set up “设立，建立”；care for“照顾”。5．A.risk B．leaveC．break D．chanceC 解析：作者从三岁时就开始为理想奋斗，自此从未间断。break“暂停，中断”，符合语境。6．A.defended B．excusedC．discouraged D．dismissedC 解析：但是通常，大多数女性不被支持，或者被阻止去选择自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻挠”，符合语境。defend “保卫，保护”；excuse “同意免除”；dismiss “去除，摒除”。7．A.thought B．questionC．moment D．bonusB 解析：作者希望这种境况可以改变，在作者看来，这是有关“坚忍”的问题(question)。thought “想法”；moment “时刻”；bonus “意外收获，奖金”。8．A.disadvantages B．concernsC．qualifications D．personalitiesA 解析：根据下文中的“my race, my gender” “I accepted as fuel for my success” 可知，此处指被别人列为作者的劣势(disadvantages)的东西，比如她的种族，她的性别，作者将它们视为追求成功的动力。concern “担忧”；qualification “资格”；personality “个性”。9．A.ignore B．attackC．comfort D．limitD 解析：根据下文中的 “I controlled my future.”可知，作者从不让任何事或任何人来限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未来。limit “限制”，符合语境。10．A.although B．becauseC．unless D．ifB 解析：当谈起同工同酬问题时，作者感到懊恼，因为她自己亲身体验到性别差异的存在。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。11．A.ever B．evenC．never D．justC 解析：根据语境可知，作者永远不希望看到干了同样的工作，女儿得到的报酬却比儿子的少。never “从不，绝不”。12．A.break down B．take afterC．lay aside D．put awayA 解析：为了获取成功，女性不得不打破许多障碍。break down “打破，消除”，符合语境。take after “追赶，跟踪”；lay aside “留存备用，把……放在一边”；put away “猛吃，积蓄，把……收起来”。13．A.informed B．remindedC．assured D．criticizedB 解析：其中一个障碍就是总有人提醒我们不是男性。remind “提醒，使想起”，符合语境。inform “通知，告知”；assure “使确信”；criticize “批判”。14．A.unchallenged B．unpunishedC．uncompleted D．uncontrolledA 解析：根据语境可知，作者在此想表达的是女性不能对此置之不理，而要敢于质疑。unchallenged “不被怀疑的，完全接受的，没有异议的”，符合语境。unpunished “未受惩罚的”；uncompleted “未完成的”；uncontrolled “未受控制的，不加约束的”。15．A.appearance B．positionC．background D．genderD 解析：对我们的评价应该依据我们的成就而不是我们的性别。gender “性别”，符合语境。appearance “外貌”；position “职位”；background “出身背景，学历”。16．A.superior B．gratefulC．indifferent D．preferableB 解析：作者从心底里感谢经历过的伴随成功而来的起起伏伏。grateful “感激的，表示感谢的”，符合语境。superior “更好的，占优势的”；indifferent “不感兴趣的，漠不关心的”；preferable “更可取的，更合适的”。17．A.with B．throughC．from D．beyondA 解析：参见上题解析。with “和，随着”，符合语境。18．A.intention B．inspirationC．solution D．expectationB 解析：作者希望她的故事可以激励女性为她们的梦想而奋斗。inspiration “鼓舞人心的人(或事物)，使人产生动机的人(或事物)”，符合语境。intention “意图”；solution “解决方法”；expectation “期待”。19．A.pause B．agreeC．promise D．continueD 解析：女性必须继续心怀远大的理想，这样做的话，我们就给予下一代女性力量，给予她们追求成功的勇气。下文中的 “the next generation”是暗示。continue “继续”，符合语境。20．A.expert B．enthusiasticC．brave D．learnedC 解析：参见上题解析。expert “内行的，经验丰富的”；enthusiastic “热情的”；brave “勇敢的”；learned “有学问的，博学的”。
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