阅读限时练Ⅰ 阅读理解A(2018•合肥高三质检)Many years ago, when we were a young couple with two small children, aged 2 and 4, we were practically impecunious．My inlaws lived from hand to mouth, so we didn’t expect any help from them. My parents lived a great distance away, and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck, carrying groceries for local shopkeepers, but it was constantly breaking down. It took almost all the money we had to have it fixed. The truck was also the only means of transportation for us.We lived in the countryside, and we always used the back door because the driveway led to it. One winter evening, I stepped outside to take a bag of trash to the barrel and almost tripped over something. It was nearly dark, and I had to bend down to see what it was. I could hardly believe my eyes. There sat a large basket loaded with food.It was heavy, so I called my husband to carry it into the house. Once inside, we discovered two loaves of bread, some butter, several cans of vegetables, a can of orange sauce, and a large turkey. There was so much that I couldn’t remember it all, but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinner—everything except potatoes.A little while later I remembered that I hadn’t taken the trash to the barrel. By now it was dark, so I had to turn on the yard light—and that’s when I spotted a small bag of potatoes sitting on the porch.That dinner was the best I could remember.We weren’t able to thank our donators, though, because we never found out who had been so generous in helping a struggling young family. Whoever it was, we are forever grateful.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前，我们生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “impecunious” in Paragraph 1?A．Generous. B．Harmonious.C．Penniless. D．Stubborn.C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，“我”们是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻，“我”们的日子过得相当贫穷。据此可以判断，画线词义为“贫穷的”，故C项正确。2．How did the author’s husband support the family?A．By starting a garage.B．By selling food door to door.C．By delivering goods.D．By working as a shop assistant.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句的“My husband was trying to earn a living...carrying groceries for local shopkeepers”可知，“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货谋生，故C项正确。3．How did the author feel when she saw the basket?A．She was annoyed. B．She was astonished.C．She was terrified. D．She felt a sense of relief.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，看到一篮子的食物，“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛；据此可以判断，作者很惊讶，故B项正确。4．What may be the best title for the text?A．A Helping Hand in TimeB．A Struggling Young CoupleC．A Tale of PotatoesD．A Reward from a StrangerA 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，体现文章主旨，故A项正确。B(2018•济南高三针对性训练)The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2，000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40，000 plant species，3，000 fish，1，294 birds，427 mammals，428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳定年法) has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1，000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11，200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.The Amazon rainforests has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation(滥伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earth’s land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587，000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了亚马逊热带雨林的历史、丰富的物种以及现在所面临的危险。5．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?A．To prove the forest untouched.B．To classify species scientifically.C．To show the diversity of species.D．To attract more attention to the Amazon region.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些关于动植物种类的数字说明了亚马逊热带雨林的物种多样性，故选C。6．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die?A．European explorers brought diseases there.B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly.C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned.D．They got killed by Spanish explorers.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，可能多达90%的亚马逊土著居民因为欧洲探险者所带来的疾病而死亡，故选A。7．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?A．It has the largest number of species.B．It covers over 5% of South America.C．It is becoming larger in area.D．It is being endangered now.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“at the present rate...in two decades”并结合最后一段的整体内容可推知，亚马逊热带雨林遭到破坏，而且未来20年可能会减少40%，故选D。8．What may be included in the following paragraph?A．Examples of destroying forests.B．Measures to protect rainforests.C．New settlements in the Amazon region.D．Ways to stop global warming.B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的关键词“deforestation(滥伐森林)”可推知，亚马逊热带雨林砍伐严重，那么文章接下来自然就会论述这一问题的解决措施，故选B。C(2018•辽宁五校协作体高三模拟)One of the main creators of the World Wide Web，Sir Tim BernersLee has warned that the fast growth of the Internet is also creating serious problems.He especially warns of false information being easily spread around the Internet，“A great danger is that it becomes a place where untruths start to spread more than truths，or it becomes a place which becomes increasingly unfair in some way.” In particular, he mentions the phenomena of blogging.Blogging enables friends and contacts to easily spread information.However, he argues that people may too easily trust information mentioned in a blog.This inaccurate information can then easily become an accepted truth on the Internet.He suggests that the most important development of the Internet will be in creating ways of allowing people to check the correctness of information by providing original sources.Sir Tim admits that this is an important challenge.It’s interesting to note that Wikipedia(维基百科) has had to take steps to prevent false information from being added to the biographies of living people.It’s easy for anybody to edit the open source.However，some people have pointed out that it has been used to spread false materials.In seeking to raise standards，Wikipedia has sought to stop the false materials.At the same time there is a growing view that the Internet has had a great effect on the way millions of people work.The last two years have seen a big growth in the use of the Internet.There appears no slowdown in the growth of the Internet with increasing access in the developing countries.Sir Tim says another major challenge will be to provide free Internet for everybody.Sir Tim has recently launched a new joint initiative(倡议) between the University of Southampton and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create the first degree in Web science.The two schools hope to raise the standards of web content.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了互联网的快速发展所带来的一些问题。9．What is the especially serious problem that Sir Tim refers to?A．The growth of the Internet is too fast.B．The Internet has a side effect on young children.C．The Internet companies compete against each other in an unfair way.D．The false information spreads rapidly on the Internet.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句可知，他认为虚假的信息在网络上流传是尤其严重的问题，故选D。10．What causes the biographies to have false information?A．The Internet users refuses other users to correct them.B．Wikipedia doesn’t take any steps.C．Anybody can easily edit the biographies.D．Wikipedia attempts to publish false materials.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It’s easy for ... false materials.”可知，任何人都可以轻易编辑这些传记，因此虚假信息很容易被传播，故选C。11．According to the last paragraph，the purpose of the joint initiative is to________．A．provide free Internet access to the poor countriesB．improve the reliability of online contentC．create the first degree in science and technology D．enlarge the use of the InternetB 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the University of Southampton and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create the first degree in Web science.The two schools hope to raise the standards of web content”可知，这个联合倡议的目的是提高网上内容的可信度，故选B。12．We can infer from the text that________．A．Sir Tim has built two schools recentlyB．the Internet is harmful to the people’s healthC．Sir Tim hopes everyone can use the Internet for freeD．the Internet develops slowly in the developing countriesC 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sir Tim says another major challenge will be to provide free Internet for everybody.”可知，Sir Tim 希望每一个人都能免费上网，故选C。Ⅱ 七选五(2018•贵阳高三监测)As you know, it is a quite different experience being around positive people versus negative ones.If you are determined to be more positive yourself，here are some ways you can do：•Failure is part of learning. 1.________. They understand that failure is an event，and doesn’t define who they are. Negative people are emotionally disabled by failure because they allow it to define who they are. 2.________. •3.________. Because they are team players，positive people will get behind and support ideas that are not theirs—even if they might disagree with them.Negative people have a hard time fully supporting ideas that they feel won’t be successful.When an idea that wasn’t theirs doesn’t succeed, they are sure to give their teammates the“Itoldyouso”expression.•You’re so good! 4.________. They pay close attention to others when others do well，and they are quick to tell them. Negative people say，“Why would I praise people for things they are supposed to do？” Most importantly，it’s not about the praise. 5.________. The simple praise can strengthen relationships and motivate the person to do even better.Positive people don’t underestimate(低估) the power of encouraging words.A．Positive people are all talkativeB．Teamwork makes the dream workC．Positive people like to spread positivityD．Negative people know about failure very muchE．It’s about showing the other people that you notice themF．Positive people view failure as an opportunity to learn and get betterG．They fail to understand that it’s part of the learning and growing process【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了成为一个积极乐观的人的方法。1．F 解析：根据上文中的“Failure is part of learning”可推知，积极乐观的人能够从失败中学习，从而成长，所以选F项。2．G 解析：空处与上文中的“They understand that failure is an event, and doesn’t define who they are.”形成对比，由此可推知，消极的人不能真正理解失败的含义，从而不能从中得到学习，有所进步，所以选G项。3．B 解析：根据下文中的“Because ... with them.”可推知，团队协作很重要，积极的人会互相支持以实现梦想，所以选B项。4．C 解析：根据空前一句“You’re so good！”可推知，积极乐观的人说积极的话语，传递正能量，所以选C项。5．E 解析：根据上文的“Most importantly，it’s not about the praise.”及下文的“The simple praise can strengthen relationships and motivate the person to do even better.”可推知，积极乐观的人赞扬别人表明他们在乎对方，从而可以改善人际关系，激励他人做得更好，所以选E项。
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