人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套

人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套 Unit 1 重点语法 教学目标：掌握情态动词 should 的用法 掌握反身代词的用法 1. 情态动词 should 的用法 ( 1 ) 情态动词 should 后接动词原形，变为一般疑问句时将 should 提前，变为否定句时 在 should 后面加 not。 We should listen to our teacher carefully in class. Should I tell him the news right now? We shouldn’t come late to school. ( 2 ) should 常用于以下两种情况：  提出建议、观点或看法。 You look tired. You should lie down and rest.  表示推测，意为“该，按理应当”。 Wait a minute. I think he should come in a moment. 2. 反身代词 ( 1 ) 反身代词的构成 反身代词是表示或强调自身的代词，有人称和数之分。第一、二人称反身代词由“形容 词性物主代词 + self ( 单数 )或 selves ( 复数 )”构成；第三人称则由“宾格人称代词 + self ( 单数 )或 selves ( 复数 ) ”构成。详见下表： 人称 单数 复数（-selves）第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己第三人称 itself 它自己 themselves 他/ 她/ 它们 自己 ( 2 ) 反身代词的用法  做宾语 You must look after yourself well and keep healthy. The child can dress himself.  做同位语 He didn’t often go shopping himself. = He himself didn’t often go shopping.  做主语 在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与 其他名词一起构成并列主语（且位于并列主语的后部），以及用于某些特殊结构（如 as...as 等）。 My brother and myself went there yesterday. He was as anxious as myself. Jim’s sister and himself get up at six every day. ( 3 ) 含反身代词的短语小结 by oneself 独自，单独 for oneself 亲自 teach oneself 自学 learn...by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得开心 say to oneself 自言自语 dress oneself 穿衣服 help oneself to... 随意吃/ 喝点...... I am able to do it by myself. I teach myself English in my spare time. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 基础巩固 1. ---- Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books. ---- That’s too bad. Everyone _______ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable. A. may B. should C. would 2. ---- Your uncle is very good at cooking! How did he learn it ? ---- He learned it by _______. A. Him B. himself C. her D. herself 专项提升 一、单句语法填空 1. We should _______ ( learn ) to study by ourselves. 2. After coming back from the storm, she felt she was not _______ ( she ). 3. “You’re old enough, boy. You’d better do it _______ ( you ).” my father said to me. 4. It’s too dangerous for the young children to play near the river by _______ ( they ). 5. My brother is always strict with _______ ( he ).二、根据汉语意思完成句子 6. 你应该听你父母的话。 You _______ _______ _______ your parents. 7. 他们不应该在走廊里跑。 They _______ _______ in the hallway. 8. 昨天他们在聚会上玩得很开心。 They _______ _______ at the party yesterday. 9. 没有人教她，她自学了英语。 Nobody taught her and she _______ English _______ _______. 10. 我们应该做什么？ ________ _______ we do? 能力提升 单项填空 1. Lina and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by _______ next Sunday. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves 2. Dogs _______ run through soccer games at the park. It’s dangerous! A. should B. shouldn’t C. need D. needn’t 3. Luckily, he didn’t hurt _______ terribly yesterday, and he will be better soon. A. he B. themselves C. himself D. they 4. To my surprise, he sold _______ house at such a low price. A. he B. him C. his D. himself5. ---- Did you make the kite _______, kids? ----No, our uncle made it for us. A. yourselves B. yourself C. themselves 6. As middle school students, we _______ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true. A. must B. shouldn’t C. need 7. Peter doesn’t feel sure of _______ in his new school. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 答案： 基础巩固 1-2 BB 专项提升 1. learn 2. herself 3. yourself 4. themselves 5. himself 6. should listen to 7. shouldn’t run 8. enjoyed themselves/ had fun 9. learned; by herself 10. What should 能力提升 1-5 DBCCA 6-7 BD Unit 2 重点语法 教学目标：掌握不定式几种重要用法1. 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本结构为“to + 动词原形”（有时可不加 to）。在句中除了不能充当谓语 外，其他成分都可以充当，如：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。此处 主要讲做宾语补足语和状语的用法。 ( 1 ) 做宾语补足语。 动词不定式做宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。有 to do 和 to be 两种形式。 The doctor advised him to take a good rest. I find English to be very easy. 注意： 在 ask, tell, encourage, get, wish, want, would like, find, advise, teach 等动词或短语之后， 常接带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语。 We asked him to sing a pop song at the party. 我们请他在聚会上唱一首流行歌曲。 动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 在使役动词 ( have, make, let )、感官动词 ( feel, hear, watch, see, notice 等 ) 的后面时要省略。但它们变为被动语态时，不定式符 号 to 不能省略。 The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past. = The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss in the past. 动词 help 接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 可省略也可不省略。 He often comes to help us ( to ) do some farm work. 拓展 动词不定式在 listen to, look at 后做宾语补足语时，常省略 to。I listened to him sing. 我听到他唱歌。 动词不定式在 had better 等词组后做宾语时，省略 to。 You’d better go home at once. ( 2 ) 做状语  表目的：不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句中前面时，不定式 常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句子末尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。 To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. We set out at five in the morning to get there on time.  表结果：不定式做结果状语，一般位于句子末尾。 I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 2. 动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词或副词等搭配而成的短语，如 clean up, give out, cheer up, put off, set up, think up, take after, fix up, give away, put up, hand out 等。 动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式： ( 1 ) 动词 + 介词 这类动词短语主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at / in, begin with , come from, get to , get on, get off, hear of, knock at / on, laugh at, look at, look after, look for, listen to, wait for, take after 等。 注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 I am looking for my pen. I have been looking for it for two hours.( 2 ) 动词 + 副词 这类动词短语主要有：find out, get back, give out, look up, put on, put up, put off, pass on, turn on / off, take out, write down, wake up, work out, put away, think up 等。 注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后； 宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词之前。 Please pick up the pen. = Please pick the pen up. Can you pick it up? ( 3 ) 动词 + 名词 + 介词 这类动词短语有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to 等。 注意：在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。 You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. ( 4 ) 动词 + 形容词 + 介词 这类动词短语主要有：be angry with, be busy with, be good / bad for, be different from, be late for, be interested in, be famous for , be good at 等。 Don’t be angry with him. He is only a child. 基础巩固 1. These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell people _______ shark fins in order to protect sharks.A. eat B. to eat C. not eat D. not to eat 2. Alan often goes to the old people’s home _______ up the old and look after them. A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheers 3. No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldn’t _______ them. A. wait for B. send for C. knock at D. laugh at 4. ---- Alice, don’t put your things here. _______. ---- OK, I will. A. Put away them B. Put on them C. Put them away D. Put them on 5. Yunnan is beautiful and I’m _______ visiting it again. A. keeping clear of B. suffering from C. looking forward to D. running away from 6. ---- Hainan _______ its blue sky and fresh air. ---- So it is. That’s why more and more visitors spend their holidays here. A. is weak in B. is famous for C. is use to 专项提升 单句语法填空 1. He wants _______ ( put ) up some signs asking for old toys. 2. Maria plans _______ ( be ) a teacher because she loves children. 3. I want to learn more about how _______ ( care ) for animals.4. They will get together _______ ( discuss ) this question. 5. We need to make more young people _______ ( learn ) shadow puppet（木偶） plays so that it won’t disappear in China. 6. That is the only way we can imagine _______ ( reduce ) the waste of water in the bathroom. 7. Last year, she decided _______ ( try ) out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 8. Would you like ________ ( go ) and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 9. She hopes _______ ( be ) a volunteer during this summer vacation. 10. Please promise _______ ( not tell ) lies any more, will you? 能力提升 单项填空 1. The girl was made _______ her brother’s clothes. A. to wash B. wash C. washing 2. My sister with my parents _______ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making 3. ---- Who _______ your pet dogs while you were out for a holiday? ---- My neighbor, a warm-hearted woman. A. put on B. looked after C. gave up D. turned off 4. Our teacher _______ a bookshelf at the back of our classroom to make a small reading corner. A. picked up B. put up C. took up D. got up 5. The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and _______ could be seen clearly.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 6. ---- How do you like this speech? ---- I like it very much and it can _______ me _______ to achieve my dream. A. cheer; up B. connect; with C. let; down D. take; up 7. On my way home, I saw a granny （ 奶 奶 ） fall down. I offered help first and then _______ the police. A. called up B. cared for C. cheered up D. found out 答案： 基础巩固：1-6 DADCCB 专项提升：1. to put 2. to be 3. to care 4. to discuss 5. learn 6. to reduce 7. to try 8. to go 9. to be 10. not to tell 能力提升：1-5 ACBBC 6-7 AA Unit 3 重点语法 教学目标：掌握 Could you please...?句型的用法 Could you please...?句型 ( 1 ) 请求别人帮忙做某事时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you ...please? 情态动词 could 或 can 在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用 could 比 can 在语气上更显得 委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用 Could you / I...? 若在句末加上 please，则显得 更礼貌。 Could you please help me find my book, please? 你能帮我找到我的书吗？( 2 ) 对 Could you / I...?的问句做出肯定回答，常用“Sure/Certainly/Of course.”等； 如果做否定回答，常用“Sorry.../ Oh, please don’t.”一般不用 no 开头，用 no 显得语气 生硬、不礼貌。 ----Could you give me a bottle of orange juice, please? ----Sure. Here you are. ---- Could you carry the box for me? ---- Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now. ( 3 ) 表示请求的其他句式： Would you please like to do sth.? Would you mind doing sth.? Let’s do sth. Shall I / we do sth.? Please do sth. 典型例题 基础巩固 1. ---- Hi, Jack! Could you come to our English party? ---- Sorry, I ______. I have to look after my little sister at home. A. must B. could C. can’t 2. ---- Jeff, could you tell me how to order a taxi through “Didi”? ---- ______. A. You’re welcome B. Sure C. Take it easy D. It doesn’t matter3. ---- Could I borrow your bike please? ---- ______. A. Of course you can B. It doesn’t matter C.Yes, I’d love to D. No, thank you 4. ---- Could you please sweep the floor? I’m going to cook dinner? ---- ______. I’ll do it at once, Mom. 5. ---- Could I use your pencil for a moment, please? ---- ______. A. Sure B. Really C. Right D. It doesn’t matter 专项提升 用 can’t , could, must 与 have to 填空 6. ---- ______ you lend me some money? ---- Sure. How much do you need? 7. ---- ______ you please clean the living room、 ---- Sorry, I ______. I ______ do my homework now. 8. Li Yundi ______ play the piano very well then he was 7 years old. 9. ---- Could I go out for dinner、 ---- No，you ______ do your homework. 10. ---- What about seeing a new film this evening? ---- I am afraid I ______. I ______ finish my math exercises this evening.答案： 1-5 CBADA 6. Could 7. Could; can’t; have to/ must 8. could 9. have to / must 10. can’t; have to/ must Unit 4 重点语法 教学目标：掌握表达建议的常考句型。 掌握连词 until, so that 及 although 引导的状语从句的用法 1. 提建议的常用表达 ( 1 ) 常用表达  Why don’t you do sth.? 相当于 Why not do sth.? 意为“你为什么不做某事呢？”。 Why don’t you talk to your parents? = Why not talk to your parents?  What/ How about ( doing ) sth.? 意为“（做）某事怎么样/ 好吗？”。 What/ How about having dinner with me?  Let’s do sth. 意为“咱们做某事吧”。 Let’s make a birthday card for her. ④ You should ( not ) do sth. 意为“你（不）应该做某事”。 You should ( not ) do more exercise. ⑤ You’d better ( not ) do sth. 意为“你最好（不）做某事”。 You’d better ( not ) go out.⑥ Would you like sth. / to do sth.? 意为“你想要某物/ 做某事吗”。 Would you like to have a try? ⑦ You could do sth. 意为“你可以做某事”。 You could write to her. ( 2 ) 常用答语 肯定回答 Good idea! / That’s a good idea! OK. / All right. / Great. / Yes. Please./ I’d love to. No problem./ Sounds good/ great./ I agree with you. 否定回答 I don’t think so. I’d love/ like to, but I have to... That sounds boring I’m afraid Sorry, I can’t./ Sorry, but... 2. 连词 until, so that 及 although 引导的状语从句 ( 1 ) not... until...的用法 until 意为“直到......”。单独使用时，until 和 till 通常可以互换使用，但要注意的是 till 一般只用于句中，而 until 即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。 The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight. He lived with his parents until/ till he graduated from college.注意： 当主句的动词为非延续性动词时，要用 not...until...结构；当主句的动词为延续 性动词时，可用 till 或 until。 ( 2 ) so that 引导的目的或结果状语从句  so that 意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。目 的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），而非事实。因此，从句中常含有 can, will, could, would, should 等情态动词。 He took a taxi so that he could get there earlier.  so that 意为“以致于；结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情 态动词。 I studied English hard so that I passed the English exam. ( 3 ) although conj. 虽然  做连词时，although 和 though 通常可以相互转换。 Although/ though she smiled, she was angry.  although 常放在从句的开头，当用来连接词语或短语时，though 更为常用且位置灵活， 不仅局限在开头。 Wiser though poorer 尽管穷一些但更有头脑  以下情况只用 though。 a. 与 even 连用时用 though 表示强调，这里的 even though = even if，意为“即使...... 也......”。 b. 当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用 though，而不用 although。 Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.就算全世界都反对我，我还是坚持我的观点。 c. Though 可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为“还是，仍然，可是，然而”. It’s hard work. I enjoy it, though. ④ though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而 although 引导的让步状语从句则不能。 Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. 注意：although和though在句中不能与but连用，但可与副词yet连用。即句中用了although 或 though 就不能再使用 but 了。 Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 基础练习 1. ---- _______ invite Tom and Sally to the party tonight? ----Good idea. I’ll give them a call right now. A. Why B. Why not C. What about 2. ---- We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us. ---- _______? I’ll give them a call right now. A. Why not B. What for C. Why D. What 3. The group had to wait _______ after 12 to check in at the hotel. A. from B. until C. for D. at 4. The little boy is saving every coin _______ he can buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day. A. even if B. so that C. as soon as 5. “A white elephant” means something that is useless, _______ it may cost a lot of money.A. unless B. until C. since D. although 6. ---- Did you win the game yesterday? ---- Not really. _______ we all tried our best, we lost it. A. If B. Though C. Unless 专项提升 用适当的连词填空 1. _______ they may not succeed, they will try their best. 2. He will come here right away _______ he hears the news. 3. Tom knew nothing about it _______ his sister told him. 4. The teacher speaks very loudly _______ all the students can hear her. 5. We can easily become unhappy _______ we work out our problems in our daily life. 能力提升 1. ---- What a fine day! Let’s go fishing. ----_______. When shall we go? A. Very well B. Good idea C. Well done D. My pleasure 2. ----How do you like your new school, Kate? ----It is very clean and beautiful _______ it is a bit small. A. if B. since C. unless D. although 3. I didn’t accept his help _______ I wanted to try it myself. A. because B. though C. until D. unless4. I looked through my test paper again and again _______ I wouldn’t make any mistakes. A. so B. because C. so that 答案： 基础练习 1-6 BABBDB 专项提升 1. Although/ though 2. as soon as 3. until 4. so that 5. unless 能力提升 1-4 BDAC Unit 5 重点语法 教学目标：掌握过去进行时的用法及跟一般过去时的区别 掌握 when 和 while 用法及区别 1. 过去进行时 ( 1 ) 过去进行时的用法。 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。现以动词 work 为例，其肯定式、否定式和疑问句式见下表： 肯定式 否定式 I/ He / She was working. We/ You/ They were working. I / He / It was not working. We / You / They were not working. 疑问式和简略回答 Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t Was he/ she/ it working? Yes, he/ she/ it was. No, he/ she/ it wasn’t. Were we/ you/ they working? Yes, you/ we/ they were. No, you/ we/ they weren’t. 表示过去进行时的时间状语有：at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday evening, from eight to twelve yesterday 以及 when, while 引导的时间状语从句。 It was raining at 6 o’clock this morning. What were you doing this time last night? He was sleeping when the UFO arrived. ( 2 ) 与一般过去时的区别。  表示已完成的动作用一般过去时，未完成的动作则可用过去进行时。 I wrote a letter this morning. I was writing a letter this morning.  一般过去时侧重于叙述事实，过去进行时则侧重于动作的持续性，从而更具描绘性。It snowed last night. It’s all white outside now. It was snowing last night, so it was very cold.  两个动作同时发生时，较短的动作可用一般过去时，而较长时间的动作可以用过去 进行时表示。 Mom was talking with Sue’s teacher when Sue entered the room. 2. When 与 while 的区别 When 和 while 都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“当......时候”，但是二者之间又有区别。 ( 1 ) when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词， 而 while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 I was watching TV when you called me. It began to rain while we were walking in the park. ( 2 ) when 说明从句动作和主句动作可同时发生，也可先后发生。而 while 强调主句动作 在从句动作发生的过程中同时发生。 When the pot fell to pieces, the girl began to realize that she was not alone. ( 3 ) when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句可以相互改写，但 while 引导的句子常用进行时 态。 When they came in, the girl was dancing. = While the girl was dancing, they came in. ( 4 ) while 还可以做并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示“对比关系”，有轻微的转折之意。 She is very outgoing, while her sister is a little shy.基础巩固 1. My mother _______ dinner when I got home yesterday. A. has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks 2. The engineers _______ a new computer in our classroom the whole yesterday morning, so we had our classes in the school hall. A. were fixing B. fixed C. have fixed D. are fixing 3. _______ I got home, my sister was doing her homework. A. When B. Because C. If D. Though 专项提升 一、用 when 或 while 填空 1. _______ I came in, she was writing a letter. 2. _______ I was sleeping, a thief went into my house. 3. He was singing _______ I was writing. 4. _______ I got to Beijing, I called up Lily first. 5. They were singing _______ we were dancing. 二、单句语法填空 6. We _______ ( do ) our homework at 8:40 last Sunday. 7. She _______ ( read ) at that time. 8. They _______ ( watch ) TV from 8 to 10 last night. 9. When my father came in, I _______ ( sing ). 10. _______ you _______ ( read ) the newspaper when the phone rang?能力提升 一、单项填空 1. ---- Where were you when I called? ---- I _______ on the bed. A. lied B. was lying C. lay D. was lieing 2. Steve _______ TV in the living room when his mother came in. A. was watching B. watches C. is watching 3. He _______ newspaper when the earthquake happened in Japan. A. was looking through B. looked through C. had looked through 4. ---- Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now? ---- Certainly. In the principal’s office. They _______ happily at that time. A. are talking B. have talked C. were talking 5. I was writing a letter _______ she was making a telephone call. A. while B. when C. before 二、根据汉语意思完成句子。 6. 上星期六上午 9 点我在做作业。 I _______ _______ _______ _______ at nine o’clock last Saturday morning. 7.当托尼在玩电脑游戏的时候，汤姆在看杂志 Tom was reading the magazine while Tony _______ ______ computer games.8.我昨天晚上回来时，妈妈正在厨房做饭。 When I came back yesterday evening, my mother _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. 9.他们过几天就动身去伦敦了。 They _______ _______ _______ London a few days later. 10.那时她没在看电视。 She _______ _______ _______ at that moment. 答案： 基础巩固 1-3 BAA 专项提升 1. When 2. When/ While 3. while 4. When 5. while 6. were doing 7. was reading 8. were watching 9. was singing 10. Were; reading 能力提升 1-5 BAACA 6. was doing my homework 7. was playing 8. was cooking in the kitchen 9. were leaving for 10. wasn’t watching TV Unit 6 重点语法教学目标：掌握 as soon as, unless 和 so...that 引导的状语从句 掌握“如此...以至于...”的其他表达句型 1. as soon as, unless 和 so...that 引导的状语从句 本单元语法重点仍然是状语从句，主要讲述一下三种状语从句。 ( 1 ) as soon as 一......就...... as soon as 为连词，引导时间状语从句。 当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句，表示将来的意义时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称 “主将从现”。 I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. 拓展 as soon as one can 意为“尽快”，相当于 as soon as possible。 We’ll start as soon as we can. = We’ll start as soon as possible. ( 2 ) unless 的用法 unless 意为“除非，如果不”，相当于 if not，用来引导条件状语从句。 You’ll miss the early bus unless you get up early. 当描述将来发生的事情时，unless 引导的条件状语从句中主句通常用将来时，从句用 一般现在时表示将来。 We won’t go to the cinema tomorrow unless my mother does. 注意： unless 通常可与 if...not 结构进行转换。 I’ll go there unless it rains. = I’ll go there if it doesn’t rain. ( 3 ) so...that...结构 so...that...意为“如此......以至于......”，that 引导结果状语从句，其句型为：主语 + 谓语 + so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句。在此句型中，so 后面用形容词还是副词，取决于主句的 谓语动词是连系动词还是实义动词。 He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word. She worked so hard that she passed the exam. 注意： 当 that 引导的结果状语从句是肯定句时，so...that...可以与 be...enough to do 进行转换； 当 that 引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，so ...that...可与 too...to...或 be not ...enough to do 进行转换。 The boy is so clever that he answer the question easily. = The boy is clever enough to answer the question easily. The girl is so young that she can’t look after herself. = The girl is too young to look after herself. = The girl isn’t old enough to look after herself. 拓展 “如此.....以至于......”的其他常见表达方式： ( 1 ) so + 形容词 + a/ an + 单数名词 + that 从句 = such + a/ an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that 从句。 It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went our for a picnic. = It was such a find day that we all went out for a picnic. ( 2 ) such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + that 从句。 They are such good students that the teacher likes them. It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming.( 3 ) so + many/ much/ few/ little + 名词 + that 从句。 There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. There was so little water in the jar（缸） that it was not enough for all of us. 基础巩固 1. Jenny has gone to Shanghai on business, but she’ll be back in 3 days. I will call you _______ . A. as soon as she returns B. When she will return C. After she returned D. If she will return 2. The nurse won’t leave her patients _______ she’s sure they are all taken good care of. A. unless B. because C. since D. if 3. China’s Got Talent is _______ interesting _______ many people like watching it. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 专项提升 单句语法填空 1. Her dream will come true unless she _______ ( give ) it up halfway. 2. The movie is so _______ that all of us are _______ . ( move ) 3. As soon as he _______ ( see ) the bad people, he thinks of ways to fight them.4. He ran so ________ ( slow ) that I could catch up with him. 5. David will help with the housework as soon as he _______ ( get ) home after school. 能力提升 单项填空 1. ---- How do you like the movie Kung Fu Panda 3? ---- It is _______ exciting _______ I’d like to see it again. A. so; that B. such; that C. enough; to D. too; to 2. My family always go somewhere interesting _______ the holiday begins. A. as soon as B. so C. so that D. even enough 3. ---- Did you catch the early bus this morning? ---- Yes. The bus started to move _______ I got on it. A. though B. before C. as soon as D. as if 4. The book is _______ interesting _______ I can’t put it down. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that 5. ---- Could you please give the magazine to Mario? ---- Sure. I’ll give it to him _______ I see him. A. as many as B. as much as C. as often as D. as soon as 6. They spoke _______ quietly _______ I could hardly hear them. A. such; that B. so; that C. neither; nor D. both; and 7. ---- Will you help me with the trouble? ---- I won’t do _______ you tell me the truth.A. if B. unless C. since 答案： 基础巩固 1-3 AAC 专项提升 1. gives 2. moving; moved 3. sees 4. slowly 5. gets 能力提升 1-5 AACAD 6-7 BB Unit 7 重点语法 教学目标：掌握大数的表达与读法 掌握比较级和最高级的特殊句型 1. 大数的表达与读法 1000 以上的基数词的表示法：先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗点（即以此把数目分为 若干段）。第一个逗点前的数为 thousand（千），第二个逗点前的数为 million（百万）， 第三个逗点前的数为 billion（十亿）。 9,883 nine thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three 65,359 sixty-five thousand, three hundred and fifty-nine 265,468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand, four hundred and sixty-eight 60,263,150 sixty million, two hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and fifty注意： ( 1 ) 英语中没有“万”这个单位，要表示“万”需借用 thousand，如“一万”用“十个 千”表示 ( ten thousand )，“十万”用“百个千”表示 ( one hundred thousand )。 ( 2 ) 在 hundred 或通常加上连词 and。若读数中没有 hundred，则在 thousand 后加 and。 2. 比较级和最高级的特殊句型 ( 1 ) 在八年级上册中已讲过比较级和最高级的基本句法，在此总结比较级和最高级的特 殊结构：  “get / become + 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”表示“变得越来越......”，and 连接同一个形容词的比较级。当表示“越来越......”时，形容词若为多音节词或一些双 音节词，用“more and more + 形容词原级”。 It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.  “the + 形容词比较级......，the + 形容词比较级......”意为“越......，就越......”。两个 “比较级”不一定要求词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需求而定。 The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.  表示“比......大（长、多、宽......）几倍”用“......times + 形容词比较级 + than...”结 构。 Our classroom is twice larger than yours. ④ 表示“重几斤，高几厘米，大几岁等”，可用“表示数量的词 + 形容词比较级 + than...”。 Tom is six years older than you. ⑤“one of + the + 最高级 +可数名词复数”表示“最......之一”。 Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China. ⑥“序数词 + 最高级 + 可数名词单数”表示“第几......”。She is the second tallest student in our class. ⑦形容词最高级前若有不定冠词 a，这时，它不表示比较，而表示“非常”的意思。 Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。 ⑧This is / was the + 最高级 + 名词 + that 引导的定语从句。 This is the worst film that I have ever seen these years. ( 2 ) 三种句型之间的相互转换  形容词最高级的意义还可以用比较级形式表达。常见的有： 形容词比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 This book is more difficult than any other book here. = This book is the most difficult of all. 形容词比较级 + than the other + 复数名词 Asia is bigger than the other continents on earth.  “more + 形容词”与“less + 形容词”及“not so/ as...as”的相互转换。要注意前后 比较对象要调换位置。 Chinese is more important than English. = English is less important than Chinese. = English is not so important as Chinese.  两者的同级比较用 as...as 结构（否定形式为 not so/ as...as），表示“与......一样”，其 间应接形容词原级，不能用比较级。 He is as tall as his father. He is not as/ so tall as his father. = He is shorter than his father.基础巩固 1. The bridge is over _______ meters long. A. eight hundred and sixty-three B. eight hundreds and sixty-three C. eight hundred, sixty-three D. eight hundred, sixty and three 2. ---- The 15th Chinese Bridge ---- Chinese Proficiency Competition will be held this year! ---- That’s great! _______ foreign college students are interested in Chinese learning. A. Hundred of B. Thousands C. Hundred D. Thousands of 3. _______ you speak, _______ your English will be. A. The less; the more B. The more; the better C. The less; the better D. The more; the less 4. This temple is one of _______ building in the town. We must take action to protect it. A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest 5. ---- Sarah is chosen as the guide for the Fashion Show. ---- Great! No one speaks English _______ her. A. as beautiful as B. as badly as C. worse than D. better than 专项提升一、根据提示写出正确英文表达 1. 1025 米深___________________________________ 2. 6671 千米长____________________________________ 3. 88440 米高_____________________________________________ 4. 比......重多少倍_________________________________________ 5. 比......大多了___________________________________________ 6. 第二长河______________________________________________ 二、按要求改写句子 7. Jim is the tallest boy in his class.（改为同义句） Jim is taller than _______ _______ boy in his class. 8. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high. （对画线部分提问） _______ _______ is Qomolangma? 9. The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze. （改为同义句） The Yangtze is not _______ _______ _______ the Amazon. 10. The Nile is the longest river in the world.（改为同义句） The Nile is _______ than _______ _______ river in the world. 能力提升 一、单句语法填空 1. I think English is as _______ ( important ) as math. 2. What is _______ ( high ) building in the world? 3. The hottest season is summer, and the _______ ( cold ) is winter in China.4. ---- How are you today? ---- I’m feeling much _______ ( bad ) than yesterday. 5. I think one of the _______ ( easy ) ways to make you strong is to exercise more. 二、单项填空 6. I have been to quite a few restaurants, but I can say this one is _______. A. good B. better C. the better D. the best 7. ---- Who will you ask to help with the work, Lucy or Lily? ---- Lily. She is much _______. A. careful B. more careful C. most careful 8. ---- Xi’an is a very old city. ----Sure. It has a _______ history. 9. Among the four seas off the coast of China, East China Sea is the second _______. A. deep B. deeper C. deepest D. the deepest 10. Bob is one of _______ boys in Class 1, Grade 9. A. clever B. cleverer C. most clever D. the cleverest 11. Molly is _______ girl of the three. A. most outgoing B. more outgoing C. the most outgoing D. outgoing 答案： 基础巩固 1-5 ADBDD 专项提升1. one thousand and twenty-five meters deep 2. six thousand six hundred and seventy-one kilometers long 3. eighty-eight thousand four hundred and forty meters high 4. weigh many times more than... 5. a lot/ much bigger than... 6. the second longest river 7. any other 8. How high 9. as/so long as 10. longer; any other 能力提升 1. important 2. the highest 3. coldest 4. worse 5. easiest 6-11 DBDCDC Unit 8 重点语法 教学目标：掌握现在完成时态的用法 1. 现在完成时（一） ( 1 )现在完成时的用法。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。（邮寄的动作发生在过去，并且已经完 成，带来的结果是这些照片已经不在“我”这里了。） I have posted the photos. 我已经把这些照片邮寄了。 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在。 They have lived there since 1998. 他们自从 1998 年以来就一直住在那里。（居住的动作从 1998 年开始，一直持续到现在，且仍有可能持续下去。） ( 2 )现在完成时的构成及其变化。Have/ has + 动词的过去分词。其中 have/ has 为助动词，没有实在的意义，常可与前面 的名词或代词缩写。Mike had = Mike’s, they have = they’ve。构成否定时也可以与其后的 not 缩写为 haven’t 和 hasn’t。大多数动词为规则动词，其过去分词与过去式相同。部分 动词为不规则动词，其过去分词需要在学习中不断积累、归类记忆并在实践中加以巩固。 下面以 work 为例，将现在完成时的基本句型及简略答语列表如下： 肯定式 否定式 I/ You have worked. He/ She / It has worked. We/ You/ They have worked. I / You have not worked. He/ She / It has not worked. We/ You/ They have not worked. 疑问句式和简略答语 Have I / you worked? Has he/ she / it worked? Have we/ you/ they worked? Yes, you/ I have. Yes, he/ she/ it has. Yes, you/ we / they have. No, you/ I have not. No, he/ she /it has not. No, you/ we/ they have not. ( 3 )现在完成时常用的时间状语。 副词。如 already（已经），just（刚刚），ever（曾经），yet（还；已经）等。 表示到目前为止的次数。如 once（一次），twice（两次）等。 表示到目前为止的一段时间。如 for two years, since 1995 等。 ④表示包括目前在内的时间。如 so far（到目前为止），in the past few years（在过去的几 年里）。He has been a teacher for 20 years. I have known him since we were little boys. I haven’t seen him so far. He hasn’t talked with me in the past three days. 基础巩固 1. Our team _______ another point! I am sure we’ll win the game. A. will get B. has got C. is getting D. was getting 2. I _______ in the city since I left school. A. live B. will live C. was living D. have lived. 专项提升 一、按要求改写句子 1. Tim has already gone to England. （改为否定句） Tim _______ _______ to England _______. 2. Her cousins have left there. （改为一般疑问句） _______ her cousins _______ there? 3. Mom cleaned the room yesterday?（改为现在完成时） Mom _______ _______ the room. 4. What is he doing now? （用 these days 改写句子） What _______ he _______ _______ these days? 5. The three students have been together for 3 hours. （对画线部分提问） _______ _______ _______ the three students _______ together? 二、单句语法填空 6. Alice _______ already _______ ( clean ) the house. 7. ---- _______ you _______ ( meet ) his father? ---- No, not yet. 8. The young singer became famous last year and he _______ ( have ) several concerts by himself since then. 9. ---- When did they see the movie? ----This morning. They _______ ( see ) it three times. 10. ----What do think you of this trip? ---- Fantastic! We _______ ( visit ) many places. 能力提升 单项填空 1. I can’t find my wallet anywhere. I’m sure I _______ it. A. lost B. will lose C. lose D. have lost 2. ---- _______ Internet business _______ traditional business in the past few years? ----Not really. A. Does; beat B. Will; beat C. Has; beaten D. Is; beating 3. ----It’s the second time I came to Xiamen. It ______ a lot. ---- Yes, it’s more and more beautiful. A. was changing B. has changed C. will change4. ---- Look, the light is still on in Helen’s office. ----May be she _______ her work yet. A. doesn’t finish B. won’t finish C. hasn’t finished D. didn’t finish 5. ---- Jenny, when did you move here? ----I _______ here for three years. A. lived B. moved C. have moved D. have lived 6. ----It’s a great pity that the famous football player has gone to another club. ----Don’t worry! They _______ another top star recently. A. buy B. bought C. have bought 7. This medicine _______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use. A. is saving B. will save C. has saved D. had saved 8. ----Would you like to see the movie Zootopia with us? ----I’d love to! But I _______ it. A. saw B. see C. will see D. have seen 答案： 基础巩固 1-2 BD 专项提升1. hasn’t gone ; yet 2. Have; left 3. has cleaned 4. has; been doing 5. How long have; been 6. has; cleaned 7. Have; met 8. has had 9. have seen 10. have visited 能力提升 1-5 DCBCD 6-8 CCD Unit 9 重点语法 教学目标：掌握 has been to 等短语区别。 掌握一般过去时跟现在完成时的区别。 1. 辨析: have been to , have gone to 与 have been in have been to 表示“（某人）曾经去过某地”，强调现在已经回来了，不在那里了。 We have been to Qingdao. have gone to 表示“（某人）到某地去了”，强调现在还没有回来，可能在那里或在途中。 They have gone to Sydney. have been in 表示“（某人）在某地待了一段时间”。 How long have you been in China? 2. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较 ( 1 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。侧重点只 是陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。 He visited Guilin in 1998.( 2 ) 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不能与确定的 过去时间状语连用。 I have seen the film. （侧重点是我了解这部电影的内容） I saw the film last week.（只能说明上星期看了这部电影） 基础巩固 1. ----_______ you ever _______ to Zhangjiajie? ---- Yes. I went there last summer. A. Do; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone 2. ---- Hobo and Eddie _______ he cinema to watch the film Zootopia. A. Have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 3. ---- Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there. ---- No, it can’t be her. She _______ to Beijing. 4. A. Has gone B. has been C. went D. will go 5. ---- I have ever seen Alice in Wonderland Ⅱ（《爱丽丝梦游仙境Ⅱ》）. ---- When ______ ? A. Did you see it B. have you seen it C. do you see it D. will you see it 专项提升 用 has/ have been 或 has/ have gone 填空 1. Harry: I saw you in Annabel’s Restaurant last night. Diana: No, it wasn’t me. I _______ never ______ there.2. Sam: Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren’t they? Where _______ they ______ ? Sue: To Florida again. Sam: How many times _______ they _______ there? Sue: This is their third visit. 3. Alan: Where’s Tony? Mary: He’s got a headache so he ______ _______ to hospital. 4. Tom: Where are the boy students? Mike: They _______ _______ to the school library. 5. Jenny: Is your father in? Ann: No, he _______ _______ to Shenzhen. Jenny: _______ he ever _______ there before? Ann: Yes, he ______ _______ there several times. 能力提升 1. ---- May I speak to Mr. Lee? ---- Sorry, he ________ Harbin. He _______ the city for two days. A. has been to; has been in B. has gone to; has been to C. has gone to; has been in 2. ---- May I speak to Mr. Smith? ---- Sorry, he isn’t in. He _______ Changsha. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to3. ---- I saw Mr. White in his office just now. ---- No, it _______ be him. He has _______ Beijing and will come back next Friday. A. mustn’t; gone to B. mustn’t; been to C. can’t; been to D. can’t; gone to 4. ---- _______ you ever _______ to the Great Wall? ---- Yes. Three times. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Have; gone 5. “I want to go to Mars（火星）, because it’s a place that no one _______ to before,” said Carson. A. has gone B. has been C. was D. went 6. It’s nice to see you again. We _______ each other since 2014. A. won’t see B. don’t see C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see 7. This museum _______ here for over 80 years. It _______ one of the oldest buildings in this city. A. is; was B. had been; is C. was; has been D. has been ; is 答案: 基础巩固 1-4 BAAA 专项提升1. have; been 2. have; gone; have; been 3. has gone 4. have gone 5. has gone; Has; been; has been 能力提升 1-5 CBDBB 6-7 CD Unit 10 重点语法 教学目标：掌握 since 和 for 的用法及区别；非延续性动词转换为延续性动词 1. since 的用法小结 ( 1 ) since conj. 意为“自从”，可与现在完成时连用。 Where have you been since I last saw you? They have seem each other often since they met. ( 2) since 用作介词，常用现在完成时连用。 I have not heard from him since last year. He has been happy since then. ( 3 ) 表示“从那时起一直到现在”用 ever since 表示。 The Shutes went to London in 1980 and lived there ever since. 2. 辨析 since 与 for ( 1 ) for 表示动作持续一段时间，可用于过去、现在、将来时态及完成进行时态中。We stayed there for three days. The Christmas holidays last for a month every year. We’ll be away for the next ten days. I have been studying in this school for five years. ( 2 ) for 也可以用于过去完成时的句子里，表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到 过去另一时刻。 John had lived in Paris for then years when I met him. ( 3 ) since 着眼于动作在过去某一时刻开始，持续到说话时，因此 since 后面要与时间的 某个点连在一起，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用。如不能说 since six months, 而可以 说 since six months ago。 He’s lived here since he was born. ( 4 ) 当 since 和 for 与完成时态连用时，两个词容易混淆。For 强调事情延续的时间，since 强调事情是什么时候开始的。 She has been in the U.S.A for six years.（强调时间的过程） She has been in the U.S.A since six years ago.（强调时间的点） 3. 非延续性动词 ( 1 ) 所谓非延续性动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如：begin, end, die, buy, come, borrow, arrive, join, marry 等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 I have bought a book.（buy 为非延续性动词）I’ve had this book for three weeks.（have 为延续性动词） ( 2 )某些非延续性动词可以与 since 连用，表示重复的动作或状态。 I have met her often since I moved here. They have gone fishing five times since last spring. ( 3 ) 有些非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中与 since 或 for 短语连用。 He has never touched beer for a whole week. I haven’t bought anything for a year. ( 4 ) 由于现在完成时态中瞬间动词（非延续性动词）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用， 这时这些动词可做相应的变化。  转化为相应的持续性动词，并用于完成时态中。 borrow → keep buy/ get/ receive → have catch a cold → have a cold put on → wear go to sleep → sleep  转化为 be + 形容词或副词 begin → be on come/ arrive → be in die → be dead fall asleep → be asleep finish/ end → be over go out → be out leave → be away （from） open → be open return → be back  转化为 be + 名词 join the party → be a member of the party to to school → be a student become a teacher → be a teacher make friends → be friends④ 转化为 be + 介词 go to school → be in school go/ come/ arrive/ get → be + 相应介词短语 go to bed → be in bed His father has died. His father has been dead for two years. 基础巩固 1. ---- How long have you been collecting coins? ---- _______ A. Three years ago B. After three years C. Since three years D. For three years 2. Miss Lin has taught us English _______ we came to this school. A. for B. since C. before D. when 3. My grandparents _______ for over 60 years and they love each other very much. A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married 4. ---- You have a nice car. ---- Thank you. I _______ it for less than one month. A. bought B. have bought C. had D. have had 专题提升 一、按要求改写句子 1. He has had the computer since he was eight years old.（对画线部分提问） _______ _______ has he had the computer? 2. She ran for half an hour （改为现在完成时） She ______ _______ _______ half an hour. 3. He has played the piano since three years ago.（改为同义句） He has played the piano _______ _______ _______. 4. I’m sorry to hear that his father died five years ago. I’m sorry t heart that his father _______ _______ _______ for five years. 5. She no longer worked here.（改为同义句） She _______ ________ here _______ _______. 二、写出下列非延续性动词或短语相对应的延续性动词或表状态的短语。 6. Buy __________ 7. borrow __________ 8. die __________ 9. join __________ 10. leave __________ 11. begin __________ 12. get up __________ 13. arrive __________ 能力提升 单项填空 1. ---- How do you like Treasure Island, Lucy? ---- It’s so exciting that I _______ it twice. A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 2. ---- How long _______ your brother _______ this camera? ---- For two weeks. A. have; bought B. have; had C. has; had D. has; bought 3. ---- Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? ---- Yes, I _______ in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. A. had stayed B. stay C. stayed D. have stayed 4. It seems that E1 Nino _______ some disasters in the world in the past few months. A. has caused B. is causing C. will cause D. caused 5. ---- May I speak to Mr. Smith? ---- Sorry, he isn’t in. He ______ Changsha. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to 6. ---- Peter, you speak Chinese so well. ---- Thank you. I ________ Chinese since I came here in 2013. A. will learn B. learned C. have learned D. learn 7. He speaks English very well because he _______ in the US for 20 years. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 8. ---- Mom, I want to watch The Legend of Miyue （《芈月传》）on Channel 8 tonight. ---- Oh, dear, it _______ for a few minutes. Come on! A. has begun B. will begin C. has been on D. will be on答案： 基础巩固 1-4 DBAD 专项提升 1. How long 2. has run for 3. for three years 4. has been dead 5. didn’t work; any longer 6. have 7. keep 8. be dead 9. be in/ be a member of 10. be away from 11. be on 12. be up 13. be 能力提升 1-5 BCCAB 6-8 CCC