专题限时集训(十四) 阅读七选五之说明文
(Ⅱ)
A (2019·武昌区调研考试)
The study habits of top students at Oxford University
Go to your lectures.
For the first 2 years of Oxford ， I went to maybe 4 lectures out of hundreds
available. 1 In my third year，I went to almost every single lecture available，including
those topics I was not personally involved or interested in.
2 Firstly，lectures are FUN！I found so many gems(难能可贵的人) that
influenced my thinking.I found so many passionate，knowledgeable speakers who got
me excited about the topic.Secondly，I remembered more stuff！An hour in the lecture
hall has massive returns on investment.
Be an active student.
For my first year at Oxford，I barely said anything in lectures.I didn't volunteer in
discussions and，as a result，I didn't understand much.My understandings of different
texts never matured or became complex.They stayed the same. 3
Then，somewhere in the middle of my second year，I got over myself and offered
more of my own opinions.I responded to others ， asked thoughtful questions ， and
interacted way more.
Being an active student also means asking for help.The smartest people learned
everything from other smart people.
4
It doesn't matter how much new information you stuff into your head if you forget
it the next day or cannot apply it.When you structure your studying，the most important
task is always to ensure you are remembering the information you have already learned.
5
In order to improve your memory and absorb more information，you need to break
your studying up into manageable pieces and review what you've previously learned in
each new piece.
A．Study in small blocks.B．That always comes first.
C．And they were often wrong.
D．Create a perfect study environment.
E．Some students study new information for hours.
F．My mind changed when I actually went to lectures.
G．I was foolish and lazy，severely disadvantaging myself.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了牛津大学优秀学生的学习习
惯。
1．G [根据空前一句中的 I went to maybe 4 lectures out of hundreds available
可推知，作者当时非常懒惰，故选 G 项。]
2．F [根据该段内容可知，该段主要是讲作者参加课程后自己的发现和收获，
并结合语境可推知，作者参加课程之后想法改变了，故选 F 项。]
3．C [根据语境可知，作者对语篇的理解不成熟，太简单，由此可推知，它
们也常常是错误的，故选 C 项。]
4．A [根据空处所在位置可知，空处是小标题；根据下文内容可知，该部分
主要是讲学习知识要一块一块地积累，故选 A 项。]
5．B [根据空前一句可知，当你组织自己的学习内容时，最重要的任务是确
保自己记住已经学过的知识，故 B 项符合语境。]
B (2019·山东省、湖北省部分重点中学质检)
Little Etiquette(礼仪) Rules for Flying on an Airplane
Being a polite passenger starts with just a few easy steps.
Help your fellow traveler
6 ，offer to lift a fellow passenger's up there，too.Not only is it kind，but it could
make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else.
Keep your personal things，well，personal
It's important to be mindful of your personal belongings. 7 ，as you walk down the
aisles(过道)，by keeping it in front of you and close to your body.And once you sit
down，you should stay there，and make sure you have everything you will need for the
flight once you settle in your seat.Reaching over other passengers to access the
overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone. 8
In the narrow space of an airplane，maintaining your personal space will go a long
way towards making a smoother ride for everyone.Let the middleseat passenger use
the armrests(it's the least you can do)，and keep your legs within the width of the chair
frame.
Be willing to swap seats with a family
Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees
for adjacent(毗连的) ones，making it tough for family members to buy seats together.
9 ，offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other；it's a kind gesture
that they won't forget. 10 ，as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an
inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.
A．If you're traveling alone
B．If they avoid eye contact
C．Avoid bringing smelly food
D．Respect your(limited) space
E．Avoid hitting other passengers with your bag
F．While you're loading your carryon bag into the overhead space
G．But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了在飞机上做一个有礼貌的乘
客的几个简单的方法。
6．F [根据本句后面的内容可知，当你把随身行李放进头顶上方的行李架时，
你也可以主动提出帮同行的乘客把行李放上去。故选 F 项。]
7．E [根据小标题 Keep your personal things, well, personal 和本句空后的内
容可知，当你在过道上走的时候，把它放在你前面，靠近你的身体。此处 it 指的
是 E 项中的 your bag，E 项“避免你的包撞到其他乘客”符合语境。]
8．D [根据下文提到的“在狭小的机舱里，保持你的个人空间十分有助于每
个人有一个更顺利的旅行。让中间座位的乘客使用扶手(这是你最起码能做的)，并
保持你的腿放在椅子框架的宽度之内”可知，本段主要讲尊重你有限的空间。故 D
项适合作此处的小标题。]
9．A [根据前句的内容可知，航空公司有时会为特殊乘客预留某些座位，或者对相邻的座位收取额外费用，这使得家庭成员很难购买在一起的座位，再结合
空后的“主动提出调换座位，让一家人坐在一起”可知，空处应是描述你能够跟
别人调换座位的前提，故 A 项“如果你是独自一人旅行”符合语境。]
10．G [根据小标题 Be willing to swap seats with a family 中的 swap 和下文
解释的原因可知，此处指的是“但请务必直到飞机到达安全高度之后再交换座
位”，故选 G 项。]
C (2019·洛阳市、许昌市质检)
Filial piety( 孝 心 ) is China's most important morality and involves strong
deference(顺从) to one's parents.Thus，filial piety is an important value when it comes
to treating one's immediate family，elders and superiors in general.
Origins
Filial piety was originally mentioned in the Western Zhou， 11 ．
Meaning
Filial piety is a general attitude of offering love，respect，support，and deference to
one's parents and other elders in the family ， such as grandparents or older siblings.
12 ． Besides ， it involves working hard in order to provide material comforts for
parents.
The idea stems from the fact that parents give life to their children ， and
subsequently support them throughout their developing years in terms of providing food，
education，and material needs. 13 ．
Chinese character
Boy looking at the Chinese character for filial piety，you will learn a lot about the
term's definition.
14 ．The character is a combination of the character lao，which means“old”
and zi，which means son.The top half of the character lao forms the top half of the
character xiao，whereas the character that represents son forms the bottom half of the
character.
15 ． The character xiao shows that the older person or generation is being
supported by the son，or children in general.
A．let me tell you the definition of filial pietyB．Filial piety is clarified by the Chinese character xiao
C．Filial piety is one of the most important Chinese traditions
D．This placement is symbolic and tells of what filial piety means
E．which includes carrying on the family line and respecting the elders
F．Acts of filial piety include obeying parents' wishes，taking care of them when
they are old
G．Extending beyond one's family，filial piety also applies to all elders like teachers，
professional superiors，or anyone who is older in age
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文，主要对中华传统美德孝心的起源及含义
进行了简要的介绍和分析。
11．E [结合本段的标题 Origins 可推知，此处介绍了孝心的起源及其基本内
容，与选项 E 呼应，所以选用 E 项。]
12．F [根据空后一句“孝心也包括努力工作来为父母提供物质上的舒适条
件”可推知，空处应是表述孝心的具体行为，故选项 F 符合语境。]
13．G [空处上文主要阐述了孝心在家庭中的具体实践和体现，由此可推知
空处应是表述孝心对除个人家庭外的长者也适用。故 G 项符合语境。]
14．B [空处是本段的主题句。通读全段可知，本段主要是对“孝”字的字
形进行分析，并联系本部分的标题 Chinese character 可知，选项 B 符合语境。]
15．D [承接上段对“孝”字的字形分析，此处对孝进行了总结和意义分析，
所以选用 D 项。]
D (2019·福建省三校联考)
Everyone complains.Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the
world，you still complain sometimes.Sometimes you complain without even realizing it，
but rarely is it ever helpful. 16 Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up
the negative thoughts.
17
When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or
someone，stop and force yourself to say something positive instead.Seek the help of a
cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the
situation.
Make a list of things you are grateful for.You often complain about the things you don't have without noticing those things
you already have.Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky
simply for being yourselves. 18
Learn to adapt to the changes.
There are many things you can't change. 19 Always find the positive side of
each situation，regardless of however difficult the situation is.With parents' and friends'
support，you can survive any life changes.
Allow yourself to vent(发泄) your feelings every once in a while.
Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up.If you are really going through
a rough time，don't be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or family member
or see a therapist.
Find what makes you happy.
20 Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on the another job or
career.Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the
situation to make you happy.Choose happiness，focus on the positive，and be kind
always!
A．Change the way you think.
B．Make friends with positive people.
C．The best and only thing you can do is to accept them.
D．Are you constantly complaining about your present job?
E．Sometimes this list can be easy，full of hobbies you enjoy.
F．So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining?
G．Set down things you are thankful for and you'll see that you don't have any
reason to complain.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了停止抱怨的方法和策略。
16．F [根据其后的句子可推知，空处应是表述如何停止抱怨，所以选 F。]
17．A [根据文章结构及空处所在位置可知，空处为本段的标题。根据下文
When you find...something positive instead 并结合对本段的整体理解可知，本段主要
讲的是改变思考方式，所以选 A。]
18．G [根据本段的标题 Make a list of things you are grateful for，并结合对
本段的整体理解可推知，G 选项“把你所感激的事情写下来，然后你就会发现没有理由抱怨了”符合语境。]
19．C [根据空格前和空格后的句子可推知，在不能改变的情况下，接受并
适应改变才是上策，与本段标题 Learn to adapt to the changes.呼应，所以选 C。]
20．D [根据其后的句子并结合本文的关键词 complain 可推知，此处表示对
自己的工作不满，所以选 D。]
E (2019·重庆市质量调研抽测)
Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature
Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits.There are many ways you
can incorporate nature into your children's lives，even if you live in the city.
Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself.A parent's excitement can be spread to
the children ， and when you show respect for nature ， your children follow suit.
21 ．“I don't know！Let's find out together.”is a wonderful way to get the ball
rolling.Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out
while you explore nature with your children.
22 ．If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning，turn off the devices instead
and encourage your children to look out of the window.The early morning fall skies are
beautiful with color and migrating birds.After all，even views of nature from the car
window are calming and beneficial.
Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time.Time in nature is an essential
investment in your children's health and wellbeing.If you view nature time as essential
to good health，you will be more likely to engage in it. 23 ，nurturing creativity and
wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.
Look at the stars.Visit your local observatory，and then drive out of the city some
morning or evening for your own stargazing( 天 体 观 察 ) with a blanket and
telescope.Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.
24 ．
Plant a small garden. 25 ．Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten
when mature，so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.
A．Limit electronic devices while driving
B．Encourage questions you don't know the answers to
C．If you want to raise your healthy，wellbalanced childrenD．If you have the space，help your children plant a few vegetables
E．It will teach teamwork，pride in the community，and family togetherness
F．If your child is interested，encourage him to get involved in the community
G．Allow yourself to think about it，and talk to your children about that wonder
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。
21．B [根据其后的句子，并与上文中的 inspire curiosity 呼应可推知，此处
表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起好奇心，故选 B
项。]
22．A [根据空后一句可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种
与自然接触的方式，故选 A 项。]
23．C [承接上文 Time in nature is an essential investment in your children's
health and wellbeing 和空后的 nurturing creativity...as parents 可推知，如果想要培养
出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选 C
项。]
24．G [根据上文 Observing the stars...of the universe 可推知，和孩子一起观
察星空能够加深对自然界的理解，与 G 项呼应，故选 G 项。]
25．D [承接上文 Plant a small garden，并与下文 Bean and pea plants...the
wonder of growth 呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬
菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故选 D 项。]
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