2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试卷1（Word版附解析）

2020 年普通高等学校招生统一考试 英语卷(一) (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节(共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A (2019·南昌市模拟) THE 2019 NATIONAL BALLOON CLASSIC：July 26th­August 3rd FOR 9 DAYS EVERY SUMMER ， IOWA SKIES COME A LIVE as nearly 100 hot air balloons paint the town with brilliant colors and charming special shapes.Don't miss a moment of the excitement as skilled pilots compete for points and prizes every morning and every evening.Great family fun and unbelievable entertainment value await you at the Memorial Balloon Field.Just sit back and enjoy the beautiful countryside as you listen to live music during the evening balloon flights.Grab a bite to eat，take the children to Kids Land，buy a balloon ride for a one­of­a­kind view ， and prepare to be awestruck as dark skies come alive with a mystical light during Dawn Patrols and Nite Glows. Admission General Admission includes FREE parking. 2019 TICKETING INFORMATION COMING SOON Morning：Parking/Gates open at 5：00 A．M. Evening：Parking/Gates open at 4：00 P．M. Everyone must have a ticket/pass regardless of age. Cash is only accepted at the gate. Online tickets MUST be printed for entry. Balloon Rides Create lifetime memories and book a balloon ride.Balloon rides can be taken every morning or evening(weather permitting) during the event but spots fill quickly so reserve your first­rate ， exclusive experience in advance. Contact Galena On The Fly An official balloon ride operator for the National Balloon Classic. 815－777－2747 info@ buyaballoonride.com Call for Price and Availability“Once you have flown，you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward，for there you have been，and there you long to return.”—Leonardo da Vinci 【语篇解读】　本文介绍了美国艾奥瓦州热气球节的相关事宜。 1．When could people attend the National Balloon Classic in 2019? A．July 3rd.　　　　 B．July 25th. C．August 1st. D．August 26th. C　[考查细节理解。根据文章的标题“THE 2019 NATIONAL BALLOON CLASSIC：July 26th­August 3rd”提示的热气球节的时间，并结合选项可知，答案选 C。] 2．What can people do on the National Balloon Classic? A．Buy a balloon. B．Take a balloon ride. C．Paint balloons with colors. D．Compete in a balloon flight. B　[考查细节理解。根据文章第二个表中第二句话中的“Balloon rides can be taken every morning or evening(weather permitting) during the event”可知，参加热气球节的人们可以乘坐热 气球。] 3．What can we learn about the admission? A．People are allowed to bring a kid for free. B．People can only pay cash for admission. C．People should print online tickets before entry. D．People can call 815－777－2747 for further information. C　[考查细节理解。根据 Admission 介绍中的“Online tickets MUST be printed for entry” 可知，网上购票的游客在入场之前要把票打印出来。] B (2019·昆明市模拟) An 8­year­old Nigerian，Tani Adewumi，whose family is homeless，won first place at the New York State Chess Championship without a single defeat and he said he is not done yet. “I want to be the youngest grandmaster，”Tani told The New York Times.Tani was placed first in the tournament for kindergarten through third grade—an outstanding win for anyone.“It's unheard of for any kid，let alone one in a homeless shelter，”said Russell Makofsky，who is in charge of the chess program. Tani hasn't had an easy life.His family left northern Nigeria in 2017，and moved to New York City over a year ago where the boy learned how to play chess at school.School chess coach Shawn Martinez saw Tani's potential after observing him stand out in the game a few weeks after he first learned it early last year.He reached out to Tani's family about joining in the school's chess program，and learned they were unable to pay costs associated with membership.Martinez decided to abandon Tani's fees，which can easily reach thousands with travel and chess camp admission. Seven victories later，the elementary school boy is one of the top players in the country for his age group.“He works very hard at his game，”Martinez said，believing Tani could achieve master status in the next year or two.The world's youngest grandmaster qualified at the age of 12. As Tani's stroy hits the headlines ， more people want to help.Makofsky ， who set up a GoFundMe campaign for Tani，said the family has received offers for a car，legal services，jobs and even housing.“My hope is that he'll be in a home tonight，”Makofsky said. 【语篇解读】　8 岁的 Tani Adewumi 虽然和家人一起无家可归，但是经过自己的努力以 及在学校教练 Shawn Martinez 的帮助下，成为国际象棋冠军；他的故事感动了许多人，并因 此得到了更多人的帮助。 4．How did Makofsky find Tani's achievement? A．Confusing. B．Amazing. C．Untrue. D．Ridiculous. B　[考查推理判断。根据第二段第三句中的“It's unheard of for any kid，let alone one in a homeless shelter”可知，Makofsky 认为，Tani 的成就是闻所未闻的。由此可推知，他在这里 表达了自己的惊奇之感。故选 B。] 5．Martinez decided to abandon Tani's fees because ． A．Makofsky told him to do so B．Tani wished to be a grandmaster C．Tani had a great gift for chess D．Martinez took charge of the chess program C　[考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句“School chess coach Shawn Martinez saw Tani's potential after observing him stand out in the game a few weeks after he first learned it early last year”可知，Martinez 决定免去 Tani 的费用是因为他发现了 Tani 在国际象棋方面的天赋。故选 C。] 6．What can we learn from Tani's story? A．All things are difficult before they are easy. B．A good beginning makes a good ending. C．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. D．Those who help themselves may succeed. D　[考查推理判断。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“He works very hard at his game”可 知，Tani 虽然处于非常不利的条件，但是他却能通过自己刻苦的努力，将自己的能力发挥到 最大限度，并取得了成功。由此可推知，D 项符合题意。]C (2019·太原市测评) Nothing succeeds like success，as every parent of a straight­A student knows，but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child “ You're so smart ！ ”may be counterproductive．Why？According to a 2017 study，children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓) from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change. In the study，researchers looked at 123 children.The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a“growth mindset”(believing that you can work harder to get smarter)，or a “fixed mindset”(believing that your intelligence is unable to change)．They then asked the children to complete a fast­paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded.During the recording，researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a half­second after making a mistake， as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong.The larger the brain response was，the more the child focused on the mistake.Based on the data，they concluded that children with a“growth mindset”were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.While children with a“fixed mindset”were able to“bounce back”，only if they gave their full attention to the mistake. For parents ， the lessons are clear ： Don't pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If your children hands you an A＋ score，don't say，“You're so smart！”Instead， say ，“ Wow ， that studying really paid off ！ ”or“You clearly mastered this material—way to go！”Note the effort，not the intelligence. Besides，many parents shy away from addressing their children's mistakes，telling them“It's OK.You'll get it the next time ” without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong.Instead，it's better to reassure your children that mistakes happen，and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子 犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。 7．Which of the following best explains“counterproductive” underlined in Paragraph 1? A．Opposite. 　　　 B．Competitive. C．Successful. D．Unknown. A　[考查词义猜测。根据第一段最后一句可知，根据 2017 年的一项研究，那些认为自己 的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误， 并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与 A 项“相反的”含义相近。] 8．How did the children with a“growth mindset”react in the study? A．They made fewer mistakes. B．They tried to avoid mistakes.C．They had a smaller brain response. D．They focused more on the mistake. D　[考查推理判断。根据第二段倒数第三句和倒数第二句可推知，具有“成长思维模式” 的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。] 9．What should be avoided according to the study? A．Overstressing the intelligence. B．Paying children compliments. C．Addressing children's mistakes. D．Offering chances to find mistakes. A　[考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“Note the effort，not the intelligence”可知，应 避免过分强调智力。] 10．What should parents say when children make a mistake according to the text? A．You are so careless. B．Your studying paid off. C．You'll get it the next time. D．Let's find out how you made it. D　[考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清 错的地方以及如何犯错的。] 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 (2019· 合 肥 市 质 检 )What's the purpose of building patience abilities ？ In a word ， happiness.Better relationships，more success.But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 11 Thus，when the big ones come，we will have developed the patience we need for hard times. Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience.We ， human beings ， are still constructed with our old reptilian( 爬 行 动 物 的 ) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival.On the emotional survival side，we want our way to get ahead，to achieve，and to“look good”．Let's just face it. 12 So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience ， blame and shame.We all have them.And we can grow beyond them. Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain.Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person ， situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort.But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that's the source of our pain，but how our mind is set. 13 Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts.Most of us don't really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 14 But to really care for ourselves，get curious about what's actually happening in the moment inside you.Focusing on what's actually happening，you can notice the worry of not wanting what's happening，the resistance. 15 When you find yourself impatient，or angry with yourself，you can remind yourself that you are growing，and that，“Sure，this is understandable；this is what happens to me when I'm bothered.”You can say to yourself，“It's true.I don't like this；this is uncomfortable，but I can tolerate it.” A．Practice positive self­talk. B．So the solution to pain is an inside job. C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways. D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times. E．We ignore the fact that we're in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem. F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit­forming. G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。 11．G　[根据空前一句以及空后一句“Thus，when the big ones come，we will...hard times”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛 苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故 G 项符 合语境。] 12．F　[根据空后的“So the first step...blame and shame”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为 有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的 本性。故选 F。] 13．B　[根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that's the source of our pain，but how our mind is set”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上面，而是出现 在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选 B。] 14．E　[根据空前一句“Most of us don't really realize it...painful feelings”及空后的“get curious about what's actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实， 即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。] 15．A　[根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段 主要是说要积极地自我对话，故 A 项符合语境。] 第二部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2019·湖南省五市十校联考)When I was 13，I was diagnosed(诊断) with a kind of attention disorder.It made school 16 for me.When everyone else in the class was 17 tasks，I could not. In my first 18 class，Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it，all within forty ­five minutes.I raised my hand 19 and said，“Mrs.Smith，you see，my doctor said I have 20 problems.I might not be able to do it.” She glanced down at me through her glasses，“You are not different from your classmates， young man.” I tried，but I even didn't finish the 21 when the bell rang.I had to 22 it home. In the quietness of my 23 ，the story suddenly all became 24 to me.It was about a blind person，Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much 25 ．But he didn't 26 ．Instead，he invented a reading system of raised dots，which opened up a whole new world of 27 to the blind. Wasn't I the“blind”one in my class，being 28 to learn like the“sighted”students？My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to 29 ．I completed the task within 40 minutes. 30 ， I was not different from others；I just needed a 31 place.Why should I ever give up 32 Braille could find his way out of his problems? I didn't expect 33 when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith，so it was quite a 34 when it came back to me the next day—with an“A”on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words： “See what you can do when you keep 35 ？” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。13 岁时，“我”被诊断出患有注意力障碍症，学习对 “我”来说是挑战，因为“我”总是无法集中注意力。但当“我”发现自己也能很快完成写 作任务时，“我”觉得自己和其他同学并没有不同。 16．A.comfortable 　　　 B．challenging C．rewarding D．affordable B　[根据前一句“When I was 13，I was diagnosed(诊断) with a kind of attention disorder” 可知，“我”在 13 岁时，被诊断出患有注意力障碍症；结合该句“It made school for me”可知，这让学校生活对“我”来说很有挑战性；B 项意为“有挑战性的”，故 B 项正确。] 17．A.focusing on B．waiting for C．talking about D．changing over A　[根据该段第一句“When I was 13，I was diagnosed(诊断) with a kind of attention disorder” 可推知，当班上其他同学集中注意力于任务时，“我”无法集中注意力。A 项意为“集中(注意 力、精力等)”，故 A 项正确。]18．A.cooking B．PE C．drawing D．literature D　[根据该句中的“Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it”可知，史密斯太太 让我们阅读一个故事并进行写作；据此可推知，这是文学课；D 项意为“文学”，故 D 项正 确。] 19．A.as expected B．now and then C．right away D．as scheduled C　[根据上文可知，史密斯太太让我们在四十五分钟的时间里阅读一个故事并进行写作； 结合语境可推知，“我”立即举起手并说自己患有注意力障碍症，可能无法完成任务；C 项意 为“立即，马上”，故 C 项正确。] 20．A.sight B．heating C．attention D．taste C　[根据语境可知，“我”告诉史密斯太太“我”患有注意力障碍症。C 项意为“注意”， 故 C 项正确。] 21．A.writing B．spelling C．listening D．reading D　[根据上文第二段第一句中的“Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story”可知，史密斯太太让我 们阅读一个故事；结合该句中“I even didn't finish the when the bell rang”可知，当铃 声响时，“我”甚至没能完成阅读；D 项意为“阅读”，故 D 项正确。] 22．A.take B．send C．post D．load A　[根据语境并结合常识可知，“我”不得不将作业带回家。A 项意为“带走”，故 A 项 正确。] 23．A.hotel B．classroom C．office D．bedroom D　[根据上文中的“home”并结合该句中的“quietness”可推知，在静静的卧室里，故事一下 子清晰(clear)起来。D 项意为“卧室”，故 D 项正确。] 24．A.abstract B．clear C．important D．attractive B　[参见上题解析，B 项意为“清晰的”，故 B 项正确。] 25．A.money B．education C．sympathy D．donation B　[根据下文可知，Braille 发明了盲文阅读系统；结合该句“He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much ”可推知，在 Braille 生活的时代盲人无法获得很多教育。B 项意为“教育”，故 B 项正确。] 26．A.turn up B．show off C．give up D．go on C　[根据下文“Instead，he invented a reading system of raised dots”可知，相反，他发明 了盲文阅读系统；据此可推知，尽管那时的盲人教育很欠缺，但是 Braille 没有放弃。C 项意 为“放弃”，故 C 项正确。] 27．A.knowledge B．music C．light D．imagination A　[根据该句中的“he invented a reading system of raised dots”可知，Braille 发明了盲文阅 读系统，这为盲人开启了一个全新的知识的世界。A 项意为“知识”，故 A 项正确。] 28．A.chosen B．recommended C．made D．caught C　[根据上文可知，“我”患有注意力障碍症，在学校学习面临挑战；结合该句可推知， 在班上“我”就如“盲人”，被迫和“有视力的”同学一起学习。C 项意为“使得”，符合语境， 故 C 项正确。] 29．A.function B．change C．rest D．dance D　[根据该句中的“My thoughts spilled out”可知，“我”文思泉涌；据此可推知，“我” 的笔开始舞动起来。D 项意为“舞动”，故 D 项正确。] 30．A.However B．Indeed C．Also D．Finally B　[根据前一句“I completed the task within 40 minutes”可知，“我”在四十分钟内完成了任 务；结合该句中的“I was no different from others.”可知，其实“我”和其他同学没有不同。B 项意为“其实”，故 B 项正确。] 31．A.quieter B．larger C．busier D．farther A 　 [ 根 据 上 文 第 五 段 第 一 句 中 的 “quietness” ， 并 结 合 该 句 中 的 “I just needed a place”可知，“我”意识到自己和其他同学没有不同，“我”只是需要一个更安静的环境，故 A 项正确。] 32．A.so that B．though C．as though D．if D　[根据语境可推知，如果 Braille 能找到解决问题的方法，“我”为什么要放弃呢？D 项 意为“如果”，故 D 项正确。] 33．A.anything B．something C．everything D．nothing A　[根据语境可知，当“我”交作业时，“我”并没有期待任何事。A 项意为“任何事 物”，故 A 项正确。] 34．A.strike B．surprise C．chance D．puzzle B　[根据该句中的“when it came back to me the next day—with an‘A’on it”并结合语境可 知，交作业时，“我”并没有期待任何事，所以第二天当“我”发现上面的“A”时，“我”感到 很惊讶。B 项意为“令人惊奇的事”，故 B 项正确。] 35．A.praying B．imagining C．trying D．talking C　[根据语境可知，史密斯太太写道：“看到当你一直尝试时你能做到的事了吗？”C 项 意为“尝试”，故 C 项正确。] 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2019·河南省名校联盟冲刺压轴卷)I was returning to my home and stuck in the traffic. Among the busy 36.vehicles(vehicle) was an ambulance, whose driver was trying 37.to get(get) out of traffic jams and the patient was fighting with his illness. Some people were giving space to the ambulance but others were not, 38.which shows that there are good people in the world and there are 39.selfish(self) people as well. If the ambulance could not find the way, the patient had to risk 40.losing(lose) his life on the way. Each life on the earth is important, whether it is a human being or an animal. What will be the difference if we think 41.more(much) of others than of ourselves? Maybe it is only for 15 minutes every day, then many mistakes can 42.be avoided(avoid). When people notice our kindness, they will return it one day. So learn to show our kindness. Trust me, I have tried and 43.it works wonder honestly. The true value of life is not in what we get 44.but what we give. If we can give more than receive, we'll 45.strengthen(strength) the harmony among people and live in a better world. 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节　应用文写作(满分 15 分) 假定你是李华，你市最近有一场旗袍秀，请你写一封邮件邀请在你校做交换生的英国好 友 David 观看，内容包括： 1．发出邀请； 2．旗袍秀的时间和地点； 3．简要介绍旗袍。 注意：1．词数 80 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：旗袍 cheongsam 【参考范文】 Dear David， How is everything going？I'm writing to invite you to enjoy a cheongsam show to be hosted by our city.And the detailed information is as follows. To enrich citizens' life and promote Chinese traditional culture，a cheongsam show will be held in the People's Hall on 15th December.It will be certainly a visual feast.The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing popularity in the international world of high fashion.It is comfortable to wear either on casual or formal occasions，creating an impression of simple and quiet charm，elegance and neatness. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 第二节　读后续写(满分 25 分) 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 It was one of the hottest days of the dry season.We had not seen rain in almost a month.The crops were dying.Cows had stopped giving milk.The streams were long gone back into the earth.If we didn't see some rain soon we would lose everything. I was in the kitchen making lunch for the family when I saw my six­year­old son，Billy， walking toward the woods.I could only see his back.He wasn't walking in his usual way．He was obviously walking with a great effort，trying to be as still as possible.Minutes after he disappeared into the woods，he came running out again，toward the house. Moments later，however，he was once again walking in that slow and purposeful step toward the woods.This activity went on for over an hour：walking cautiously to the woods，then running back to the house.Finally，my curiosity got the best of me.I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey. He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked；being very careful not to spill the water he carried ．Branches and thorns slapped( 拍打) his little face but he did not try to avoid them.He had a much greater purpose ．As I leaned against a tree to spy on him ，I saw the most amazing site. Several large deers appeared threatening in front of him.But Billy walked right up to them.I almost screamed for him to get away.And I saw a baby deer laying on the ground ， obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion，lift its head with great effort to lap(舔饮) up the water in my beautiful boy's hand. 注意： 1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2．至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1： When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house. Paragraph 2： And later I knew what was going on. 【参考范文】 When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house.My curiosity once again drove me to follow him back.After he reached the kitchen，he turned on the tap.As he was trying hard to cup both hands to receive the water，it was still running away through his fingers.And he also had great difficulty turning off the tap with hands occupied.He seemed to be so sorry and self­condemned for his wasting of water.Wearing a note of upset on his face，he carried it carefully toward the woods． And later I knew what was going on.It began to make sense to me why he wasn't walking in his usual way．I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart working so hard to save a life.As my tears began to hit the ground，they were suddenly joined by other drops...and more drops.It was as if the nature itself was moved by the great effort made by my son and began to weep with pride.