2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试卷2（Word版附解析）

2020 年普通高等学校招生统一考试 英语卷(二) (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节(共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A (2019·福建省三校联考) The things that kids choose to play with can affect our earth.The manufacturing of toys and games can produce harmful pollution and non ­ biodegradable waste ， which is harmful for our planet.But some toymakers are creating items for kids that aim higher.They use natural or non ­ harmful materials，and find ways to reuse and recycle.Toys and kits(成套工具) can also teach kids about environmentally friendly solutions.Here are a few of our favorite low­impact，fun toys. Test the water Water is the earth's most precious natural resource.Many people take it for granted，but not everybody in the world has access to clean water.Learn about the science behind one solution with Thames & Kosmos' Global Water Quality Experiment Kit.The kit comes with tools and instructions for conducting eight important experiments including testing the quality of water and making dirty water cleaner.($15) Plant tomatoes When communities in dry ， desert regions experience drought ， it impacts their agricultural practices.Learn about water preservation and grow delicious cherry tomatoes with Back to the Roots Self­Watering Tomato Planter.It features technology that African desert farmers have been using for thousands of years：a miniature clay pot releases water，but only when the surrounding soil has dried up.($30) Draw with veggies Wee Can Too's Veggie Sidewalk Chalk is made from fruit and vegetable powders—it's practically safe to eat！The chalk，created using environmentally friendly ingredients，has none of the chemicals found in your typical sidewalk chalk.When the rain comes and washes away your masterpiece，no harmful pollutants will be entering the environment.($12) Create with cardboard When cardboard breaks down in a landfill，it creates methane，a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.Recycled cardboard can be transformed into a work of art with the Cardboard Tool Kit from UncommonGoods.The kit comes with 28 reusable parts for fastening cardboard pieces together.Now let your imagination go wild！($13)【语篇解读】　本文是一篇广告类应用文，主要介绍了四种环保的儿童玩具，包括玩具 名称、设计特点、材料来源以及价格等。 1．What is special about Back to the Roots' small clay pot? A．It is very pretty. B．It is a recent invention. C．It can improve tomatoes' taste. D．It uses technology against drought. D　[考查推理判断。根据第三段尾句可知，该玩具的特点是使用了非洲沙漠地区的农民 已经使用了数千年的技术：当周围的土壤干涸时，微型陶罐才可以放水。据此可推知，这种 玩具的特点是使用了抗旱技术，故 D 项正确。] 2．Which product needs users to be imaginative? A．Cardboard Tool Kit. B．Veggie Sidewalk Chalk. C．Self­Watering Tomato Planter. D．Global Water Quality Experiment Kit. A　[考查细节理解。根据尾段的内容，尤其是最后一句“Now let your imagination go wild！”可知，Cardboard Tool Kit 可以充分发挥人的想象力，故 A 项正确。] 3．What do the four products have in common? A．They are hard to use. B．They are earth­friendly toys. C．They are good for kids' health. D．They are great choices for art lovers. B　[考查细节理解。根据第一段第四、五句并结合四种玩具的特点介绍可知，这四种玩 具的共同点是环保，故 B 项正确。] B (2019·唐山市模拟) “ Joe ？ Is that you ？ ”The woman speaking to me at the baseball game looked a little familiar.“Marci？”I asked.“It is you！” she cried out，smiling broadly.“It's good to see you again！” It was good to see Marci，too.Off and on during the past few decades，I've wondered about her.I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci.So meeting her at the baseball game was really a surprise. We spent a few minutes talking about our lives—the good old，bad old days.Then Marci grew quiet for a moment.“You know，Joe，”she said，“I've always wanted to tell you how...how...sorry I am for the way I treated you.You must have been hurt both physically and mentally.”I was a little embarrassed.I turned and looked at her.“It's OK，”I said，“No big deal！”“But I was such a jerk，”she continued.Yes you were，I thought.“We were both pretty young，”I smiled.“I know，” she said.“It's just always bothered me，remembering how mean I was to you.And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.”The expression on her face was warm and sincere.And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief.“OK ，” I said. “ Apology accepted ！ ”Overcome by the sweetness of the moment，I reached an arm around her and gave her a quick hug.Just then，the crowd erupted with a huge cheer，and Marci and I both returned our attention to the game.By the time I looked over to where she had been，she was gone.But the warm，wonderful feeling of our brief exchange was still there，and continues to this day whenever I think about it. It isn't enough to just say“I'm sorry”and“You're forgiven”．But when those words are truly felt and sincerely expressed，they can open the door to miracles of the heart.Forgiveness can bring peace to an injured soul—even years after the fact.Even at a baseball game. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在棒球赛场见到了多年未见的朋友 Marci。她 见到“我”后为以前那样对待“我”向“我”真诚地道歉，“我”立刻原谅了她。之后我们都 感觉到温暖和愉快。 4．What kind of life did Marci live during the late 20th century according to the passage? A．Happy. 　　　　　　 B．Busy. C．Hard. D．Simple. C　[考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci”可知，在 20 世 纪 90 年代 Marci 生活得很艰难，故 C 项正确。] 5．What does the underlined word“jerk”in the third paragraph mean? A．A humorous person. B．A cruel person. C．A careless person. D．An honest person. B　[考查词义猜测。根据画线词下文中的“It's just always bothered me，remembering how mean I was to you”可知，当时她对“我”很刻薄，这件事一直困扰着她，再结合画线词所在 句可知，她认为她是一个刻薄的人；据此可知，画线词与 B 项含义相近，故 B 项正确。] 6．Why did Marci look in relief after talking with the author? A．Because her favorite team won the game. B．Because she learned Joe was living a good life. C．Because she made an apology to the author. D．Because she found she was not mean any longer.C　[考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“‘And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.’The expression on her face was warm and sincere.And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief”可知，由于 Marci 向我真诚地道了歉，所以她的眼里露出了轻松，故 C 项正确。] C (2019·合肥市质检) Have you ever heard of agritourism where you can experience the farm life？If not，Dr.Cindy Ayers­Elliott will tell you the real story of Foot Print Farms. The original concept of building Foot Print Farms was simple.When Ayers­Elliott returned to her hometown after graduation，she didn't have to look any further than her state's alarming health statistics to find a mission.Everywhere she turned ， there were reports of high blood pressure ， diabetes，obesity and heart disease.“The problem was already identified，”explains Ayers­Elliott. “ Too many Mississippians were seriously unhealthy and it didn't take research to see that.And many of the state's greatest health challenges could directly result from poor diet.” These days，Foot Print Farms，which started with a few raised beds of herbs and vegetables，is making resh，naturally grown food.“When speaking of the key to my success，the co­op model works because we share the work and rewards，”notes Ayers­Elliott.“A perfect example is the Wingfield High School football team.To earn the money for equipment and other items，players committed to working five hours a week on the farm，and by the end of the summer they produced 1， 000 melons and the profits from their sales helped to buy weights，T­shirts，sweat suits and pregame meals.But the lessons they learned about the rewards of hard work and working together to accomplish something were even more valuable products of their efforts.” “It's a model that can easily be learned in other places and I'm looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that—to take what they have learned here and spin it off in other communities.”Ayers­Elliott remarks.She is now looking forward to developing an agritourism area to the farm，where visitors can experience the farm life，learn new skills and take with them seeds of inspiration they can sow in their own communities when they return home. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个农业旅游基地 Foot Print Farms 建立 的原因及其发展情况。 7．What made Ayers­Elliott set up Foot Print Farms? A．The problems faced by local farmers. B．Her further research into heart disease. C．The failure of her career after graduation. D．The health state of people in her hometown. D　[考查细节理解。文章第二段提到 Ayers­Elliott 毕业后回到家乡，看到到处有高血压、 糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病的报道，而且很多人身体严重不健康，却没有人对此进行研究，并且这里人们的很多健康挑战都来源于不良饮食，因此她决定建立 Foot Print Farms。] 8．Why does the author take the football team as an example? A．To advocate the concept of independence. B．To stress the importance of teamwork. C．To support the idea of co­op model. D．To explore the key to success. C　[考查推理判断。文章第三段第二句 Ayers­Elliott 谈到了其成功的关键在于合作社模式， 他们共同工作，共享回报；紧接着举 Wingfield High school football team 的例子正是为了支持 这一观点，故选 C。] 9．What is Ayers­Elliott's attitude towards the future of Foot Print Farms? A．Optimistic. 　　　　 B．Skeptical. C．Cautious. D．Ambiguous. A　[考查推理判断。文章最后一段中的“I'm looking forward to...and spin it off in other communities”和“She is now looking forward to...they can sow in their own communities when they return home”可知，Ayers­Elliott 对 Food Print Farms 的发展充满期待。由此可推知，她对 Foot Print Farms 的未来持乐观的态度。] 10．What is the main idea of the text? A．Naturally grown food benefits people's health. B．Food Print Farms is making a difference in Mississippi. C．Ayers­Elliott encourages people to experience the farm life. D．Agritourism is becoming increasingly popular in America. B　[考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了 Foot Print Farms 的情况——生产新 鲜、自然生长的食物，采用合作社模式，这对改善 Ayers­Elliott 家乡当地人的饮食有很大作用， 故选 B。] 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 (2019·河南省五校联考)For most students，writing more clearly and persuasively presents a great challenge. 11 Few of them，though，focus on filling their essays with necessary information and details，let alone organizing the information. In order to make an essay convincing ， students should know how to select the necessary information and details. 12 Information that can help students clarify and better convey their ideas is certainly important.To figure out what this is，you should make sure you understand the theme of the essay. 13 Suppose you were asked to write an essay describing a memorable event in your life.You should start off by thinking about the events you've experienced ， and why a particular event is especially memorable to you. 14 While writing the essay，you should constantly remind yourself that since the event must be a memorable one，you should pay attention to describing the details that make it so special. 15 Indeed，before you include any information in your essay，you should think about how to link reasons，examples and details together before you start writing.Only then will you be able to produce a strong and coherent(连贯的) essay. A．But how do you know what to include? B．Good writing is sure to leave a deep impression on the readers. C．Through this process, you can choose a meaningful experience. D．You can begin with a question，such as why I'm writing this essay. E．Many can write grammatically correct sentences and choose proper words. F．However，even if you think of good reasons and examples, you must try to organize your essay well. G．Only after clearly understanding the topic can you choose proper reasons and examples to support your ideas. 【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。简要阐述了一些学生如何写作的要领。 11．E　[根据前一句中的 most students 和后一句中的 Few of them 可知空处与 students 有 关；根据后一句中的 though(然而)可知空处与后一句形成转折关系。故 E 项正确。] 12 ． A 　 [ 前 一 句 中 的 “students should know how to select the necessary information and details”及下文关于如何选择信息的内容与 A 项中的“what to include”吻合，故 A 项正确。] 13．G　[根据前一句中的“you should make sure you understand the theme of the essay”可知 G 项正确。] 14．C　[前一句“You should start off by thinking about the events...to you”与 C 项的“this process”吻合，故 C 项正确。] 15．F　[下文中的“how to link reasons，examples，and details together before you start writing” 与 F 项中的“organize your essay well”吻合，故 F 项正确。] 第二部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 (2019·湖北省八校联考)I used to hate running.It seemed too hard，and pushing outside my comfort 16 was not something I was eager to do. In fact，I wouldn't have become a(n) 17 if it weren't for my husband Charles.He had been a 18 ，competitive runner for many years.After our marriage，he wouldn't stop talking about how much he 19 it. So he picked it up again，and after about a year，I started to join him at the 20 ．Just a few weeks later，Charles signed up for a five­kilometer race for both of us.I 21 about doing it.It was too soon. But on the race day，there I was. The gun went off.Thousands of runners 22 ． The first kilometer was tough.I was already breathing 23 and painfully aware of the group of runners 24 past me. After another minute I saw the three­kilometer 25 ．All I could think of was that I was 26 ． I rounded a corner，and saw both sides of the street 27 with people watching the race，all cheering the runners on：I 28 my legs to keep going. Then I looked up and saw the clock.The 29 ticking away gave me an incentive(动力)．I knew that if I had 30 finished this race I would have achieved something.So，I 31 up，and kicked it. I had my arms 32 higher when I passed through the finish line.A volunteer put a(n) 33 around my neck. “You did great！I'm so proud of you！” Charles was thrilled that I'd 34 ． “That was amazing！I want to do another race.”I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the post­race festivities.My lungs and my comfort zone both 35 ． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本并不喜欢跑步，但是在丈夫的带动下她也 开始跑步，并且坚持完成了 5 公里的跑步比赛。 16．A.block 　　　　　　 B．line C．emotion D．zone D　[根据文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，答案选 D 项。] 17．A.wife B．coach C．expert D．runner D　[根据下文内容可知，作者一开始不喜欢跑步，在丈夫的带动下，最后变成了一名跑 步者(runner)。] 18．A.serious B．common C．casual D．sharp A　[根据空后的“competitive runner for many years”并结合语境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一 个认真的、有竞争力的跑步者。serious“认真的”。] 19．A.hated B．missed C．admired D．trained B　[根据下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她结婚以后，总是不停 地说他有多想念(miss)跑步。] 20．A.race B．department C．track D．ceremony C　[根据该句可知，当作者的丈夫重新开始跑步时，作者也加入了他，和他一起跑。 track“跑道”。] 21．A.hesitated B．puzzled C．cared D．brought A　[根据上文可知，作者以前并不喜欢跑步，当作者的丈夫让她一起报名参加五公里跑 步的时候，作者有些犹豫。] 22．A.slipped away B．backed off C．pushed forward D．came over C　[根据语境并结合常识可知，当发令枪一响，数千名跑步者冲了出去。] 23．A.mildly B．shallowly C．gently D．heavily D　[根据空前一句“The first kilometer was tough”可推知，当跑了一公里的时候，作者已经 呼吸沉重了。heavily“沉重地”。] 24．A.running B．bending C．reaching D．pacing A　[根据语境可知，由于呼吸困难，作者跑步的速度渐渐地慢了下来，于是有很多人跑 着超过了作者。] 25．A.symbol B．mark C．pattern D．campaign B　[根据该句“After another minute I saw the three­kilometer ”可知，此处表示 作者看见了三公里的标志牌。mark“标记”。] 26．A.hopeful B．speechless C．dying D．moving C　[根据上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并结合语境可知，当作者看见了三公 里的标志牌时，作者感觉自己要死了一样。] 27．A.stuck B．crowded C．provided D．directed B　[街道的两边挤满(crowd)了观看赛跑的人，他们都在为选手加油。] 28．A.sunk B．bent C．shook D．willed D　[在听到周围人的鼓舞之后，作者设法用意志力驱使自己的双腿移动。will“设法用意 志力驱使”。] 29．A.seconds B．titles C．criteria D．competitors A　[根据语境可知，此处表示作者觉得每一秒走过的时间都在给她加油助力。] 30．A.also B．actually C．just D．unfortunately B　[作者知道如果她的确(actually)完成了比赛，那么她已经完成了一些事。] 31．A.dressed B．came C．stayed D．straightened D　[根据空前一句“I knew that...achieved something”可推知，作者挺直身子，继续坚持完 成赛跑。straighten up“挺直身子”。] 32．A.kept B．crossed C．held D．tied C　[当作者冲过终点线的时候，她把自己的手举得更高。hold“使保持(在某位置)”。] 33．A.rope B．medal C．necklace D．award B　[根据下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此处表示一个志愿者给作者带上奖 牌。] 34．A.got it B．meant it C．made it D．defeated it C　[根据上文内容可知，作者最终完成了对她来说看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公 里。make it“获得成功”。] 35．A.trembled B．expanded C．ached D．erupted B　[根据语境可知，此处表示在作者成功跑完了这次五公里之后，她感觉自己的肺和舒 适区都得到了扩展。] 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2019· 武 汉 市 调 研 测 试 )On January 25, 2020, over a billion people in China and millions around the world will celebrate the Chinese New Year, or the Spring Festival. The ancient tradition, 36.whose date is determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere between January 21 and February 20 each year, is the 37.longest(long) and most important of all Chinese festivals.The preparations will 38.officially(official) begin with Little New Year on January 17, 2020. It is observed with a day of memorial ceremonies. Other Little New Year activities include cleaning the house 39.to sweep(sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets－red decorations hung in pairs － for wealth. Since red 40.is believed(believe) to keep misfortune and evil spirits away, it can be noticed in everything from clothing to 41.lanterns(lantern) used to decorate houses. Often 42.considered(consider) the most important meal of the year, the reunion dinner is both delicious and rooted in Chinese tradition. 43.A whole chicken symbolizes family togetherness, while long uncut noodles show longevity(长寿). Wealth is represented by dumplings and spring rolls. Children receive red envelopes filled 44.with money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the 45.amazing(amaze) fireworks shows. The two­week long celebrations will end on February 8 － the day of the full moon － with the Lantern Festival. 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节　应用文写作(满分 15 分) (2019·浙江温州模拟)假如你是高中生李越，请用英语给你的一位朋友写一封推荐信。信 中应包括以下内容： 1．推荐一本(部)你最喜爱的书； 2．写出几点你推荐该书的理由。 注意： 1．词数 80 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear friend， I'm writing to recommend a book to you. Yours sincerely， Li Yue 【参考范文】 Dear friend， I'm writing to recommend a book to you.My favorite book is Harry Potter，which is a series of books written by J．K. Rowling.It is not only about magic and strange creatures，but also about the real world.By reading the book ，you can learn that the most important lesson is about real life ， friendship and how to be brave.Above all，you can sense the power of love.It teaches us to be strong in heart and mind，to believe in ourselves and help others.I think Harry Potter is a book really worth reading. Yours sincerely， Li Yue 第二节　概要写作(满分 25 分) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Babies don't learn to talk just from hearing sounds.New research suggests that they also learn from watching lips.Florida scientists discovered that at around the age of 6 months，babies begin studying mouths when people talk to them.“In order to imitate you，babies have to figure out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they're hearing，”explains David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University，who led the study published on Monday. Scientists have long known that babies also look to speakers' faces for important social cues(暗 示) about what they are hearing.Just like adults，they're drawn to the eyes，which express important messages like the emotion connected to words.David Lewkowicz went a step further，wondering whether babies look to the lips for cues as well，like how adults lip­read what someone's saying at a noisy party.So he and his student Amy Hansen­Tift tested nearly 180 babies，dividing them into different groups according to their ages(4，6，8，10 and 12 months)． They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers.They found a shift in attention：When the speaker used English，the 4­month­olds looked mostly at her eyes ； the 6­month­olds spent equal amount of time looking at the eyes and the mouth.The 8­and 10­month­olds studied mostly the mouth；at 12 months，attention started shifting back toward the speaker's eyes. “ It's a pretty interesting finding ，” says University of Iowa psychology professor Bob McMurray，who also studies speech development.The research offers more evidence that quality facetime with the baby is very important for speech development—more than，say，playing the latest baby DVD. Studying how babies learn to speak isn't a curiosity.Scientists want to know how to encourage that process，especially if it doesn't seem to be happening on time.And，it helps them understand how the brain wires itself early in life for learning all kinds of things. 【参考范文】 New research finds that babies acquire the ability of talking not only from listening but also from lip ­ watching( 要 点 1) and researchers want to prove that.( 要 点 2) Experiments show that babies at different development stages pay attention to different parts of face of the speakers.(要点 3)Thus ， it's evident that face ­ to ­ face communication with the baby is essential for speech development.(要点 4)Furthermore，it helps scientists understand how babies' other abilities develop at an early stage and scientists wonder how to motivate it.(要点 5)