2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试卷6（Word版附解析）

2020 年普通高等学校招生统一考试 英语卷(六) (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节(共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A (2019·长沙市模拟) On average，Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices(设备) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors.That is a claim made by David Strayer，a professor of psychology at the University of Utah.In his 2017 TED Talk，Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired. Using an electronic device to answer e­mails，listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain，which，Strayer explains，is important for critical(有判断力 的) thinking，problem­solving and decision­making. So，it is important to give the brain a rest.And being in nature，Strayer claims，helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.More than 15，000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September.That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days.They take walks ， climb ， explore ， swim ， sleep ， eat and play.Camping may be just what a tired brain needs. Take Carl for example.He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping.He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease.It also prepares him for the work he must do.Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia.She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children.She calls it a“regenerative”experience. At the University of Utah，David Strayer has studied both short­term and long­term exposure to nature.He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better.However，he found，it is the long­term contact with nature that does the most good.He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了如今长时间使用电子设备对大脑的危害， 鼓励人们放下这些电子设备，去户外让大脑休息一下。 1．What is David Strayer's opinion? A．Americans dislike outdoor activities. B．Electronic equipment should be quitted.C．New technologies ate a double­edged sword. D．Electronic equipment brings great convenience. C　[考查推理判断。依据第一段可知，David Strayer 认为过多使用电子设备导致大脑疲劳， 第二段中的“answer e­mails，listen to the news and look at social media”暗示着电子设备给我们 生活带来的便利，因此科技有利有弊，选项 C 正确。] 2．Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors? A．To try another lifestyle. B．To refresh our brain. C．To make better decisions. D．To play with our family and friends. B　[考查细节理解。依据前两段可知，过多使用电子设备会导致大脑疲劳，根据第三段 可知，我们需要让大脑休息一下，而走进大自然可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离电子设备，从而 让大脑恢复活力，因此选 B 项。] 3．What does the underlined word“regenerative”mean? A．Reborn. B．Memorable. C．Remarkable. D．Tiring. A　[考查词义猜测。画线词所在段中作者列举 Carl 的事例说明，户外活动能使他放松并 更好地工作，作者提到的“Kate Somers is another example...two children”暗示着，Kate 与家人在 户外的活动也给了她活力，因此选 A 项，画线词表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。] B (2019·潍坊市统一考试) Digital grounding is when parents or caregivers limit or completely take away access to technology from children.According to a study conducted by Pew Research，65% of parents have digitally grounded their teen by taking away their teen's cellphone or Internet access as punishment. Because children are so connected with their technologies，digital grounding may seem like a logical step for parents.Take away a child's most cherished item and they will quickly learn from their behavior.But the idea of digital grounding isn't as clear­cut as that.Instead，it may be a lose­lose situation for parents and kids，alike. For most parents，the goal of grounding isn't to make their children unhappy or sad.It is to teach a lesson in the hope that they won't engage in whatever behavior gets them in trouble in the first place.Unfortunately，though，digital grounding is often just punishment，not discipline.If a child stays out past curfew(宵禁时间)，a punishment would be hitting or yelling at them.Discipline would be not letting them go out the next weekend because they fail to follow rules. We've all been there—we've caught our child doing something wrong and in the heat of the moment laid out a strict punishment.We may have been feeling hotheaded ， embarrassed, or dismayed.Often，though，these punishments aren't aligned with the bad behavior.While digital grounding may solve the problem temporarily，it won't provide children with the guidance they need to act appropriately in the future.Instead of grounding ，show your child what they did wrong and give them the chance to act differently.This way ，they will learn from their mistakes in a practical manner and figure out ways to be safe and smart with technology. There's no denying it：technology is here for the long­haul.This is why some parenting experts don't recommend digitally grounding your children.It doesn't focus on the end goal of safe behavior.They recommend teaching them good habits as soon as possible，rather than taking away their technology.By digitally grounding them，you are putting a bandage over the wound，rather than treating it. Now ， when we say that digital grounding is a lose ­ lose situation ， we're not saying that disciplining your children in general is a lose ­ lose situation.Discipline is a great way to teach children lessons，when used appropriately. 【语篇解读】　本文主要讨论了当孩子们犯错时要不要限制他们使用数码产品。 4．Which of the following is a form of discipline? A．Hitting or yelling at children. B．Laying out a strict punishment in the heat of the moment. C．Taking away access to cellphones from children completely. D．Forbidding kids to go out the next weekend if they stay out past curfew. D　[考查细节理解。根据第三段最后两句可知，如果孩子晚上超过宵禁时间没回家，下 个周末就不让他们出去是一种管教方式，故选 D。] 5．What does the author suggest parents do instead of grounding? A．Give kids more free time. B．Act appropriately in public. C．Help kids form good habits. D．Put a bandage over the wound. C　[考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段第四句“They recommend teaching them good habits as soon as possible，rather than taking away their technology”可知，作者建议父母帮助孩子们养成 良好的习惯，而不是去限制孩子们使用数码产品，故选 C。] 6．What's the purpose of the text? A．To inform us of ways of punishing kids. B．To explain what digital grounding means. C．To show how to parent children in digital times. D．To prove digital grounding is not a good parenting way. D　[考查写作意图。根据对全文的整体理解，并结合文中关键词“digital grounding”可推知，本文的目的在于说明限制孩子们使用数码产品并不是一种很好的家教方式，故选 D。] C (2019·安徽省五校联盟质检) Weather could power the next generation of smart windows.Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation(降水)．The approach offers an alternative to other smart windows powered by batteries，solar panels，and even standard power outlets.“The creation represents a new kind of renewable energy source，”says Liming Dai，a nanomaterial engineer at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland，Ohio，who was not involved in the research. Smart glass ， which changes its characteristics to block out light ， has been around for decades.Common examples include glare ­ fighting rearview( 后 视 ) car mirrors and windows that change color for energy savings and privacy.But many are expensive，and people are still looking for eco­friendly ways to power the windows.Batteries and plug­in outlets aren't apparently“green”， and built­in solar panels can cloud or hide parts of the glass. In experiments，the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter，enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while it's asleep，the team reported online last month in ACS Nano.This output might suit many applications，such as being a power source for home or office electronics， says co ­ developer and scientist Zhong Lin Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta.Since their first project in 2012，a light­up sidewalk powered by footsteps，he and his colleagues have miniaturized their generators to create everything from self­cleaning keyboards to sensors for security systems. But Wang and his colleagues still have more work to do before this smart glass is ready for commercialization.Now，the glass has no way to store the energy it creates.To solve this problem， Dai says，transparent super capacitors(电容器) could be placed into the glass without decreasing visibility. For now，the team wants to improve the energy efficiency of their nanogenerators.These tiny power plants can convert about 60% of the mechanical energy that they encounter into electricity.“The output power is a constant goal，”Wang says.“Free energy surrounds us，and anything can happen if you take control of it.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种能供电的智能玻璃。该玻璃可以利 用风力和降水产生电能，是一种绿色环保的能源产品，但该产品仍面临诸多问题，如电能储 存问题。 7．What is unique about the smart glass? A．It can protect privacy. B．It is more expensive. C．It is powered by weather. D．It can block out light.C　[考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation(降水)”可知，这种智能玻璃的特别之处是可以利用风力和降水获取 能量，故 C 项正确。] 8．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The research history of Zhong Lin Wang. B．The experimental process of Zhong Lin Wang. C．The research theory of Zhong Lin Wang's team. D．The experimental findings of Zhong Lin Wang's team. D　[考查段落大意。根据第三段的内容尤其是该段首句“In experiments，the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter，enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while it's asleep，the team reported online last month in ACS Nano”可知，该段主要说明了该团队的实验 结果，故 D 项正确。] 9．What is the drawback of the smart glass? A．It cannot keep its produced electricity. B．It cannot suit the super capacitors. C．It cannot power a smart phone. D．It cannot change its color according to weather. A　[考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“Now，the glass has no way to store the energy it creates”可知，目前该产品的缺陷是无法储存其产生的能量，故 A 项正确。] 10．Which of the following best explains“convert”underlined in the last paragraph? A．Consume. 　　　　　 B．Transform. C．Waste D．Reserve. B　[考查词义猜测。根据尾段第二句“These tiny power plants can convert about 60% of the mechanical energy that they encounter into electricity”可知，这些微型发电机可以将智能玻璃收集 到的 60%的机械能转化为电能。据此可推知，画线词意为“转化”，故 B 项正确。A 项意为“消 耗”，C 项意为“浪费”，D 项意为“贮备”，都与文意不符。] 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 (2019·山西省六校测试)Schools consume a large amount of energy，which has a bad effect on the environment. 11 ，there are lots of ways that you can help your school save energy.Look for simple changes your school can make and band together with others to make an even bigger effect. 12 ．Even something as simple as turning off the lights when you leave a room can help to save energy.Turn off the lights in classrooms that are not being used and in other areas, such as empty bathrooms and unoccupied multi­purpose rooms. Use natural light when the sun is bright.It may not always be necessary for you to have the lights on in your classroom.There may be times of day when the sun is especially bright and enough for what you are doing in your classroom. 13 ． Set up a recycling station at your school.Recycling is a great way to save energy because it reduces the need to produce new materials. 14 ，then ask your school principal if you can set one up. Get others involved. 15 .Either as an individual or as a team，you can create and put up signs around your school.Try using signs that remind people of things they can do to save energy and also some signs that raise awareness of saving energy. A．Post signs about conserving energy B．Whether you are a teacher or a student C．If your school does not have one D．Turn off your computer when it's not used E．Shut down the lights when rooms are not in use F．Other times of day you might only need half of the lights G．If your school's garbage company offers recycling services 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。从四个方面阐述学生在校园中如何节约能源、保护环境。 11．B　[考查上下文的衔接。根据句子的结构判断，本句是一个从句，七个选项中只有 B、C 和 G 三个选项符合要求。根据语境可知，此处表示“不管你是老师还是学生，总有许多 可以帮助你们学校节约能源的方法”。故答案为 B。] 12．E　[考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲述在离开教室等地方的时候关灯以便节约能源。 本段中的一些提示词，如“turning off the lights”“Turn off the lights”等也暗示了本题的答案。 【技巧点拨】　七选五侧重考查文章的语篇结构和逻辑关系，通过相应段落中一些复现 的提示词确定答案是做题时一个常用而有效的方法。] 13．F　[考查细节支撑句。本段主要讲述当教室内光线充足时使用自然光。空前句子中的 “times of day”与 F 项中的“Other times of day”形成对应关系。] 14．C　[考查上下文的衔接。本段谈论在学校内设置回收站回收可循环使用的材料。C 选 项中的 one 指代主题句中的 a recycling station。] 15．A　[考查承上启下句。根据下文的“put up signs”“using signs”“some signs”提示词可以 判断答案为 A。] 第二部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。(2019·湘东六校联考)In my childhood，there were no smart phones or computers.Still，I never felt bored.The field ， 16 and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby 17 and walking slowly around it.At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but 18 it still seemed like a fine adventure. I 19 on and on for what seemed like hours.I was sure someone was 20 in my ears to ask me to turn around and 21 back home but I was 22 and even a bit stupid，so I walked on.There was still neither a car nor a house 23 ．My legs were getting tired.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew 24 ．I didn't want to end up 25 on this road in the dark of night，and I was worried that it would be dark 26 I could make my way back to the lake again. I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me.My heart was 27 and my legs were aching.When I 28 one last corner and saw a house that I 29 ，I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.I knew the way home！It was still over a mile away，but 30 felt like feathers.I 31 into the house with a big smile just in time for dinner.Then I ended my adventure with a good night's sleep. I remembered this recently when I saw a 32 that said.“All roads lead home”．This is true.I also remembered a sage(智者) compared life to a journey.Are we going to make this life a terrible 33 or are we going to make the life a joyful one？It 34 our own choice. All roads no matter how they twist and turn，can 35 us home in our hearts.May you always walk your path with love！May you always help your fellow travelers along the way! 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”沿着湖边一条不熟悉的小路散步，不知不觉 天色已晚，“我”很害怕但还是在晚饭前回到了家。回家的路不止一条，心中有家，总能找到 回家的路。 16．A.towns 　　　　　　 B．farms C．hills D．villages C　[根据上文“In my childhood，there were no smart phones or computers.Still，I never felt bored”可知，尽管“我”童年时没有智能手机或电脑，但是“我”不感到无聊；结合该句“The field， and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground”可知，“我”家周 围的田野，山地(hills)，树林都是完美的游乐场，故 C 项正确。] 17．A.lake B．farmhouse C．forest D．highway A　[根据该句中的“and walking slowly around it”，并结合第二段尾句中的“the lake”可以推 断，“我”绕着附近的一个湖泊(lake)散步；A 项意为“湖泊”，故 A 项正确。] 18．A.appreciating B．refusing C．introducing D．exploring D　[根据上文中的“At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before”可知，这条古旧的土路“我”从来没有看到过；结合该句“It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but it still seemed like a fine adventure”可 知，土路上满是泥泞的轮胎印迹，两边是深林，但探索(explore)它仍然像是一次美妙的冒险。 D 项意为“探索”，故 D 项正确。] 19．A.drove B．walked C．flew D．rode B　[根据上文中的“walking slowly”可知，我在湖边散步；据此可以推断“我”一直走 (walk)，似乎走了几个小时，故 B 项正确。下文中的“walked on”亦是提示。] 20．A.scolding B．whispering C．singing D．waving B　[根据该句中的“in my ears”，并结合全句内容可知，“我”确信有人在“我”的耳边低 语(whisper)；B 项意为“低语”，故 B 项正确。] 21．A.wander B．land C．pace D．head D　[根据该句中的“turn around and”和“back home”可知，有一个人在我耳边低语，让“我” 转身、回家；head back home 意为“回家”，故 D 项正确。] 22．A.stubborn B．desperate C．sad D．anxious A　[根据该句中的“and even a bit stupid，so I walked on”可推知，空处应和形容词 “stupid”对应，故 A 项“固执的”符合语境。] 23．A.in order B．in comfort C．in sight D．in need C　[根据该句“There was still neither a car nor a house ”，并结合上文的内容可知， “我”沿着一条古旧的土路一直走，仍然看(in sight)不到一辆车、一间房子；C 项意为“看得 见，在视野内”，符合语境，故 C 项正确。] 24．A.thrilled B．disappointed C．astonished D．scared D　[根据该句中的“I noticed that the sun was starting to go down”及常识可推知，“我”意识 到太阳开始下山了，“我”感到害怕(scare)。] 25．A.exposed B．trapped C．injured D．worried B　[根据语境可推知，“我”不想在黑夜里被困(trapped)在这条路上；B 项意为“受困的”，故 B 项正确。] 26．A.though B．if C．when D．before D　[根据语境及该句中的“I was worried that it would be dark I could make my way back to the lake again”可知，“我”担心在“我”再次回到湖边之前(before)天会黑下来。] 27．A.beating B．sinking C．blocking D．racing D　[根据空前一句“I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me”可知，“我”继 续前进，心里越来越害怕；据此可以推断，“我”的心急速跳动着(racing)，双腿隐隐作痛；D 项意为“急速跳动”，故 D 项正确。] 28．A.searched B．turned C．checked D．examined B　[根据该句中的“When I one last corner and saw a house”可知，当“我”转过 最后一个拐角时，“我”看到了一幢房子；B 项意为“转弯”，故 B 项正确。] 29．A.owned B．overlooked C．recognized D．defined C　[根据该句中的“I jumped up and down and laughed out loud”可知，“我”跳了起来，并 笑出了声；据此可以推断，“我”认出(recognize)了一幢房子，C 项意为“认出”，故 C 项正 确。] 30．A.arms B．legs C．head D．hands B　[根据空前一句“I knew the way home！”可知，“我”知道了回家的路；结合该句“It was still over a mile away，but felt like feathers”且和该段第二句中的“my legs were aching”呼应可推知，虽然离家还有不止一英里，但“我”感到双腿(legs)轻松起来，故 B 项正 确。] 31．A.danced B．stormed C．dragged D．jumped A　[根据上文中的“I jumped up and down and laughed out loud”可知，看到认识的房子，“我” 很兴奋；结合该句中的“with a big smile just in time for dinner”可推知，“我”蹦蹦跳跳(dance)地 进了房子，刚好赶上吃晚饭；A 项意为“雀跃，轻快地移动”，故 A 项正确。] 32．A.design B．signature C．signal D．sign D　[根据该句“I remembered this recently when I saw a that said，‘All roads lead home’”可知，“我”看到一个标牌(sign)，上面写着：“回家的路不止一条”。D 项意为“标牌”，故 D 项正确。] 33．A.scene B．trip C．event D．sight B　[根据上文中的“a journey”并结合该句内容可推知，我们是要人生之旅(trip)变得糟糕， 还是要让它变得快乐？B 项意为“旅行”，故 B 项正确。] 34．A.depends on B．decides on C．deals with D．refers to A　[根据上题解析并结合该句“It our own choice”可推知，这取决于(depend on) 我们自己的选择。A 项意为“取决于”，故 A 项正确。] 35．A.move B．urge C．lead D．transport C　[根据上文中的“All roads lead home”可知，回家的路不止一条；结合该句“All roads no matter how they twist and turn，can us home in our hearts”可知，道路不管怎样曲折， 都能指引(lead)我们回家。C 项意为“引领”，故 C 项正确。] 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Because of the recent heat wave that swept across Europe, rare Andean flamingos (火烈鸟) at a wetlands reserve in Britain have laid eggs for 36.the first time in 15 years. The birds can go years without nesting successfully. But this year's record ­ breaking temperatures on the Continent led to a 37.surprising(surprise) thing at the reserve — six of the flock(鸟群) laid nine eggs. Some efforts have been made 38.to encourage (encourage) the flock, but there's no doubt that the recent heat has had the desired effect. 39．Unfortunately(unfortunate), none of the eggs could hatch, so no new Andean flamingos would be born. To stop the flamingos 40.feeling(feel) unhappy about their empty nests, caretakers took a few eggs from Chilean flamingos and 41.planted(plant) them among the Andean birds for them to hatch and look after. The Andean flamingos are some of the oldest at the reserve, 42.where all six flamingo species live. A few flamingos arrived in the 1960s, and some of them have been there 43.longer(long) than staff members. Both the Andean and Chilean flamingos are considered 44.in danger of extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the world's oldest global environmental 45.organization(organize)． 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节　应用文写作(满分 15 分) 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友 Charlie 对中国文化很感兴趣。他和家人将于今年农历新年 来中国旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．欢迎他们来中国； 2．旅行前的准备。 注意： 1．词数 80 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】 Dear Charlie I'm delighted to know you are coming to China with your family during the Chinese Lunar New Year，which is a great chance for you to experience Chinese culture personally.Here I am writing to offer you some advice. It would be a good idea if you could make some preparations before your travel.First of all， learn some simple Chinese ， especially the daily expressions ， which makes it easier for you to communicate with the locals wherever you go.Besides，to get yourself familiar with some Chinese local customs and traditions may help you behave properly during your stay. I hope you will find my advice helpful.Wish you a pleasant journey in China. Yours， Li Hua 第二节　读后续写(满分 25 分) 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A heroic dog Like most dogs whose homes are situated on large plots of land ， one New Zealand dog regularly went off exploring through the farmland around his home for hours at a time. But as Louie，a sheepdog rescued from a shelter when he was just a puppy，got older，his trips got shorter and shorter.Now that Louie is 12 years old，he chooses to stay close to home and hardly ever goes out to explore any more ， which is why his family was so worried when he recently disappeared and didn't return home as usual. “My mother was a little upset as he had stopped his wandering，” said Marolyn Diver，whose parents own Louie. “ We were very concerned that he might forget where his home was.” But thankfully，Louie turned up at the house a few hours later.“He looked so tired and had basically just collapsed(崩溃)，” Marolyn said.“We were concerned that someone might have hurt him.But then we realized there was a small note attached to Louie's collar.After reading the note，I felt complete relief and relaxed，and then my heart melted.” “Louie is the hero of the day，” read the note，which was written by a neighbor about a mile away.“He led me to Maddy in distress stuck under a pile of branches．Cheers，Rob．” “According to Rob，Louie was waiting for him at his house and demanded to be followed.Rob said that he was 100 percent sure that Louie knew what he was doing ， and leading him to Maddy was his pure focus，” Marolyn explained. 注意： 1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2．至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1： Once Rob found Maddy，Louie helped him dig her out. Paragraph 2： “That night we were very worried about Louie，” Marolyn said. 【参考范文】 Once Rob found Maddy，Louie helped him dig her out.According to Rob，Louie pulled at branches and dug her out of the ground.Rob said that as soon as Maddy was free，both dogs ran to a nearby pond and jumped into it and began to drink water.Then he gave Louie a huge handful of dog biscuits as a thank-you.He knew that Louie might get in trouble for being late for home，so he thought he would write a small note to explain why Louie was absent.“That night we were very worried about Louie，” Marolyn said.“He could hardly walk and looked terrible.We were concerned that he might not make it through the night.” Thankfully，Louie was back to normal the next morning when Rob came by with Maddy for a visit.Marolyn said，“It has changed the way I look at him.And I think my parents feel the same way.I'm so proud of him.”