2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试卷8（Word版附解析）

2020 年普通高等学校招生统一考试 英语卷(八) (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节(共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A (2019·江西省三校联考) A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to“read” human personalities. The eyes，they say，are the windows to the soul.And if that is true，computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂 的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算 法) may soon have the ability to peer into your soul.That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality，conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. “ Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality ，” wrote the researchers ， led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher ， whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements ， then determined their personality traits with“well­established questionnaires”for determining the personality type，according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily. The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person's major personality traits，such as“neuroticism，extraversion(外向)，agreeableness，conscientiousness， as well as curiosity”，the scientists wrote. “The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high­tech devices，even robots，allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，”Loetscher said. “People are always looking for improved，personalized services.Today's robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to non­verbal information ，“ Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express.This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural，and better at interpreting human social signals.” The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies，according to a summary in Britain's Daily Mail newspaper.【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而 一窥人的个性的研究。 1．What do the underlined words“peer into”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Understand. 　　　　 B．Stare at. C．Search for. D．Concern about. A　[考查词义猜测。根据第二段第一句“The eyes，they say，are the windows to the soul”， 并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处 peer into 与第一段中的“read”呼应，故选 A。] 2．How did the researchers conduct the research? A．It was carried out in a lab. B．42 subjects' eye movements were recorded. C．The students' daily movements were tracked. D．Its subjects' personalities were determined by computer. B　[考查细节理解。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪 42 个研究对象 并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选 B。] 3．According to Tobias Loetscher，what can we know? A．Robots and computers are socially conscious. B．People care less about improved，personalized services. C．Today's robots and computers can accustom to non­verbal information. D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines. D　[考查细节理解。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类 和机器的互动，故选 D。] B (2019·安徽省示范高中模拟) We've been covering standing desks for a long time now because experts agree that sitting all day is killing us.We want to be productive while also keeping our bodies healthy.Over the years， there have been several solutions to this from fixed standing desks to adjustable ones，portable desks to ones that change into shelves. However，the most high­tech and elegant solution has to be this new smart desk called the Stir Kinetic Desk.The desk learns your daily behavior and moves between a sitting and standing height regularly throughout the day to keep you moving without interrupting your work flow. You can program specific sitting and standing intervals or let the desk set the schedule.If you tend to sit while returning e­mails in the morning，but always want to stand during that afternoon conference call，the desk will learn those regular habits and adjust the schedule to fit them.Of course， the desk can always be manually lowered or raised by using the touchscreen on the lower left corner of the desk. When switching positions ， the desk gently dips and rises to let you know that a change is coming up.If you're not ready to switch positions at that time，you can tap the touchscreen to stay sitting or standing for a while longer. The built­in touchscreen also keeps track of your daily sitting and standing times and tells you how many calories you've burned.You can even set goals for how long or how often you want to stand.The desk also works with fitness devices like the Fitbit to track your movements. All of that smart technology doesn't come cheap though.The M1 desk，which is the everyday model，runs a steep $2，990，while the more executive model with added features，the F1，goes for $4，190. While expensive，it's worth that thinking of how much time we spend at our desks.Much like a good mattress(床垫)，a good desk that works with you is worth the investment.Hopefully in a few years these smart，integrated desks will be more common and less expensive. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型智能办公桌：能根据人的习惯 自动设定其坐着和站着时的不同高度。该产品虽然价格昂贵，但是值得购买。 4．The Stir Kinetic Desk has been designed to ． A．help users with their work B．keep users moving all the time C．get users to exercise while working D．remind users of their working schedule C　[考查推理判断。根据笫二段第二句“The desk learns your daily behavior and moves between a sitting and standing height regularly throughout the day to keep you moving without interrupting your work flow”可知，这种办公桌可以了解你的日常行为，每天有规律地在你坐着 和站着时的高度之间调整，让你在不影响工作流程的情况下保持移动。据此可以判断，这种 办公桌旨在让使用者在工作时得到锻炼，故 C 项正确。] 5．Which is the feature of the touchscreen of the desk? A．It can tell users when to change positions. B．It can track users' changes of positions. C．It can keep users in a fixed position. D．It can detect users' health condition. B　[考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“The built­in touchscreen also keeps track of your daily sitting and standing times and tells you how many calories you've burned”可知，内置的触摸 屏还可以了解你每天坐着和站着的时间，并告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里。据此可知，这种内置 触摸屏跟踪使用者的姿势变化，故 B 项正确。] 6．Which of the following can best describe the desk? A．Productive but challenging.B．Convenient but unaffordable. C．Complex and impractical. D．Multifunctional and intelligent. D　[考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知，这种办公桌能了解你的行为习惯并以此来调整 高低，且能告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里，并结合最后一段最后一句中的“these smart，integrated desks”可推知，这种办公桌是多功能的、智能的，故 D 项正确。 【干扰项分析】　A 项意为“多产的但是具有挑战性的”，B 项意为“方便的但是买不起 的”，C 项意为“复杂而不实用的”，都与文意不符。] C (2019·郑州市质量预测) Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)？It's a common problem.And it can be harmful，as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower well­being， reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US.But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem：Be more connected to your future self. Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people ： “Present Me”and“Future Me”．“People act as if they prefer their current selves' needs and desires to those of their future selves，”wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman. Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how“Future Me”would feel the night before a big paper was due，though“Present Me”hadn't started yet.They made“Present Me”think about a far­off event a number of days away，not months or years. Thinking about events in this way meant that something like a friend's wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years. The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years.For example，participants imagined they had a newborn child，and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days.The researchers found those in the“days”condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the“years”condition. So if you think of your life in days instead of years，you may get things done quicker. 【语篇解读】　本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。 7．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study? A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator. B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters. C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of well­being. D．To prove it's helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.D　[考查细节理解。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman 和 Lewis 想要通过他们的 研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故 选 D。] 8．The underlined part“this way”in Paragraph 4 refers to“ ”． A．setting up tough deadlines B．following schedules strictly C．counting in smaller units of time D．imagining how your future self will feel C　[考查推理判断。承接第三段最后一句“They made‘Present Me’think about a far­off event a number of days away，not months or years”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去 计量，故选 C。] 9．What helps prevent people from procrastinating? A．Comparing their future selves with present selves. B．Considering their current selves' needs and desires. C．Thinking about far­off events in days rather than years. D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder. C　[考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years，you may get things done quicker”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生 的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选 C。] 10．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A way to get things done in time. B．The harmful effects of procrastination. C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires. D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness. A　[考查主旨大意。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem：Be more connected to your future self”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探 究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选 A。] 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 (2019·湖南省五市十校联考)Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air.However，a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. 11 Many people say running in winter can be difficult.One reason is the low temperature. 12 Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather.That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body.When you run in cold weather，your heart rate and the body's dehydration(脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. 13 This information comes from John Brewer ， who is a professor of applied sports science at St.Mary's University.For this study，he and other researchers put a group of people into a special room.The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room. 14 Brewer says he and his team recorded biological measurements of the runners. He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing.Wear gloves on your hands. 15 And especially，wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin. A．The other reason is the bitter winds. B．We have good reasons to run in winter. C．Wear shoes that will keep you from falling. D．Don't be nervous when you run in cold weather. E．The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather. F．In fact，running in cold weather helps improve one's performance. G．The test subjects were asked to run 10，000 meters under both conditions each. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，在冷天我们心率较低，身体需要的水分 较少，冷天更适合跑步。在冷天跑步时应当穿上合适的衣服，戴上手套，穿上防止跌倒的鞋 子。 11．D　[根据空处前一句“However，a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run”可知，气温下降是适合跑步的一个原因；空处起连接上下文的作用，故 D 项“当 你在冷天跑步时，不必紧张”符合语境。] 12．A　[根据空处前两句“Many people say running in winter can be difficult.One reason is the low temperature”可知，许多人认为在冬天跑步是困难的，一个原因是温度低；据此可推知，空 处应是介绍另一个原因，即有刺骨的寒风，故选 A 项。] 13．E　[根据空处前一句“When you run in cold weather，your heart rate and the body's dehydration(脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions”可知，在寒冷的天气跑步，你的心 率和身体脱水程度要比在比较暖和的条件下跑步低；据此可推知，空处应进一步说明在冷天 适合跑步的原因，即在冷天跑步身体需要更少的水，故 E 项与此处匹配。] 14 ． G 　 [ 根 据 空 处 前 一 句 “The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room”可知，研究人员在房间里再现了夏天和冬天的天气情况；据此可推知， 下文应是介绍研究人员要求参加试验的人到房间里分别在两种天气条件下进行跑步试验，故 G 项符合语境。] 15．C　[根据该段第一句“He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing”可知，该段主要讲述在冷天跑步应当穿合适的衣服；结合 空处前一句“Wear gloves on your hands”可知，要戴上手套；据此可推知，空处与此对应，故 C 项“穿上防止跌倒的鞋子”符合语境。] 第二部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 (2019· 合 肥 市 质 检 )Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.But just before junior year，Greenberg's 16 changed.One day his vision“ 17 up” and later he was diagnosed( 诊 断 ) with glaucoma( 青 光 眼 ) ． Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes. 18 ，the surgery didn't work.Greenberg was going blind.He was so 19 that he refused to see anyone. As Greenberg's best friend，Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and 20 to be his“reader”．Arthur read 21 to him every day，taking time out from his own study，and Greenberg 22 scoring straight A's.Still，he was 23 about getting alone and relied on his friend. Then，one afternoon，Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan.When it was time to go back to campus，Arthur said he couldn't 24 him because of an appointment. Greenberg 25 ． They argued ， and Arthur walked off ， 26 Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal.Greenberg，who was completely 27 ，stumbled(蹒跚而行)through the rush­hour crowd.He took a shuttle train west to Times Square，and then transferred to an uptown train.Four miles later，he 28 at the Columbia University stop. At the gate of the university，someone 29 him.“Oops，excuse me，sir”Greenberg 30 the voice.It was Arthur's.Greenberg's first reaction was 31 ，but in the next second，he realized what he had just 32 and realized，too，who had made it possible. 33 ，Arthur had been with him the whole day，using one of the most 34 strategies. Blindness doesn't make Greenberg fail to appreciate the 35 of life.He always says he is the luckiest man in the world. 【语篇解读】　Greenberg 是哥伦比亚大学的一名优秀学生，他因患青光眼而失明，因此 不愿见任何人。幸运的是，在好朋友 Arthur 的帮助下，他克服了困难，重新找到了生活的美 好。 16．A.faith 　　　　　　 B．attitude C．fortune D．reputation C 　 [ 根 据 空 前 一 句 “Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此处表 示 Greenberg 的命运(fortune)发生了变化。故正确答案为 C。] 17．A.lit B．steamed C．cleared D．cheered B　[根据空后的“and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天， 他的视力变得模糊。故正确答案为 B。] 18．A.Otherwise B．Moreover C．Therefore D．However D　[根据空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes”和空后的“the surgery didn't work”可知，前后句是转折关系。However“但是，然而”符合语境。otherwise“否则”； moreover“而且，此外”；therefore“因此，所以”。] 19．A.shy B．desperate C．selfish D．nervous B　[根据空前一句“Greenberg was going blind”可知，他是如此绝望(desperate)以至于拒绝 见任何人。故正确答案为 B。] 20．A.offered B．pretended C．happened D．learned A　[根据下文“Arthur read to him every day，taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur 说服 Greenberg 回到哥伦比亚大学，并主动提出(offer)成为他的“阅读 器”。故正确答案为 A。] 21．A.letters B．newspapers C．textbooks D．magazines C　[根据下文“Greenberg scoring straight A's”并结合语境可推知，Arthur 应该是 给 Greenberg 读课本(textbook)。故正确答案为 C。] 22．A.ended up B．carried on C．imagined D．considered A　[根据语境可知，在 Arthur 的帮助下，Greenberg 最终取得了全优的成绩。end up“最 终处于”符合语境。故正确答案为 A。] 23．A.curious B．confident C．excited D．tentative D　[根据本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他对独处感到犹豫。 tentative“犹豫的”符合语境，故正确答案为 D。] 24．A.abandon B．rescue C．comfort D．accompanyD　[根据空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur 因为有约会而无法陪同(accompany) 他。故正确答案为 D。abandon“抛弃，丢弃”；rescue“营救”；comfort“安慰”。] 25．A.compromised B．panicked C．explained D．apologized B　[根据语境可知，Greenberg 还没有做好独处的准备，当 Arthur 无法陪同他时，他感到 惊慌失措。故正确答案为 B。compromise“妥协”；explain“解释”；apologize“道歉”。] 26．A.leaving B．finding C．consulting D．serving A　[根据空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur 把 Greenberg 独自留在(leaving)纽约中央 车站。故正确答案为 A。] 27．A.tired B．amused C．confused D．satisfied C　[根据语境并结合选项可知，对于 Arthur 将他独自留下，他感到很困惑。confused“困 惑的，糊涂的”符合语境。故正确答案为 C。] 28．A.got off B．pulled over C．looked around D．ran away A　[根据空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg 在哥伦比亚大学站下 了车。故正确答案为 A。] 29．A.turned to B．shouted at C．knocked into D．quarreled with C　[根据下文中的“Oops，excuse me，sir”可推知，有人撞(knock into)到了 Greenberg。 故正确答案为 C。] 30．A.raised B．lost C．controlled D．recognized D　[根据下文中的“It was Arthur's”可知，Greenberg 认出(recognize)了 Arthur 的声音。故 正确答案为 D。] 31．A.anger B．pleasure C．relief D．sorrow A　[根据语境可知，Arthur 之前将他独自留下，现在又撞到了他，Greenberg 第一反应应 是愤怒(anger)。故正确答案为 A。] 32．A.missed B．questioned C．ignored D．achieved D　[根据空后的“and realized，too，who had made it possible”可知，Greenberg 意识到他 这次能独自回到学校而不用依靠 Arthur，这是之前他一直犹豫而没敢去做的事情。故正确答案为 D。] 33．A.Gradually B．Finally C．Obviously D．Strangely C 　 [ 根 据 空 后 的 “Arthur had been with him the whole day ， using one of the most strategies”可推知，很明显(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一种最巧妙的(brilliant) 计策。故正确答案为 C。] 34．A.brilliant B．familiar C．defensive D．complex A　[参见上题解析。familiar“熟悉的”；defensive“防御的”；complex“复杂的”。] 35．A.magic B．beauty C．wisdom D．truth B　[根据全文内容以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world”可知， 失明也未能阻止 Greenberg 欣赏生活的美好(beauty)。故正确答案为 B。] 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tea is one of the most favored drinks in our life. However, the origin of tea is lost among history 36.and tales. What can be roughly confirmed is that tea originated in the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 37.to discover(discover) the effects of tea is said to be Shennong — the father of agriculture and herbal medicine in China. It 38.is said(say) that Shennong once tried 72 different kinds of poisonous plants in a day and he 39.lay(lie) on the ground, barely alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant leaves 40.dropping(drop) from the tree beside him. Out of curiosity and habit, Shennong put the leaves 41.into his mouth and chewed them slowly. After a little while, he felt well and 42.energetic(energy) again. So he picked more leaves to eat and thus cleared 43.his(he) body from poison. The ancient Chinese medical book 44.called(call) Shennong Berzcaojing states that “ Tea tastes bitter. Drinking it, one can think quicker, sleep less, move more swiftly, and see 45.more clearly(clear)．” This then was the earliest book to record the medicinal effects of tea. 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节　应用文写作(满分 15 分) 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两 周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。 1．回顾双方的交流活动(如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面)； 2．谈谈收获或感想； 3．表达祝愿与期望。 注意：1．词数 80 左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear friends， How time flies！ Thank you. 【参考范文】 Dear friends， How time flies！Now it's time we parted.I'm glad to deliver a speech on behalf of our Student Union. In the last two weeks，we have had a good time.Not only have we studied together but we also have held some activities，such as evening parties and sport competitions.In the science festival，we cooperated wonderfully and invented some useful things.Through sharing these experiences ， we have built strong bonds. At last，on behalf of all the students，I wish you a good journey back home and a great success in the future. Thank you. 第二节　概要写作(满分 25 分) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Winter sports can help you burn calories ， increase fitness ， and strengthen muscles.Being outdoors and getting exercise are great for your mental health.Exercise has a good influence on mood，and sunlight seems to help beat back the winter blues. Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports.If you like to walk，keep walking—on snowshoes.If you want to try an endurance( 耐 力 ) sport ， go for cross ­ country skiing.And snowboarding is just fun.Runners can also train during winter，although beware of wet and slippery roads.Or wear a pair of snowshoes.One of the easiest sports around，snowshoeing can be excellent cold­weather cross­training for runners and cyclists or anyone wanting to take a wintry walk in the woods. Whatever sports you choose，don't rely on a friend for instruction.You won't let an amateur perform brain operation on you；why let one teach you to ski or skate？That's what instructors are for—to help newcomers start out right.They can give you advice about equipment，skills，safety，and doing with injuries if they do happen to you. It's tempting for an eager athlete to advance too quickly through learning the skills.Resist the temptation.If you want to improve your skills，learn it step by step.Everything else you do as a skier， boarder，or skater will be built on these first skills. Play safely by figuring out what special equipment and safety clothes you'll need.Planning an afternoon of snowshoeing or cross­country skiing？Pack water，snacks，fruit，and extra socks.If you are going out for a long time，keep your water bottle insulated(隔热的) from the cold so it will not freeze. Don't head out onto the slopes or into remote areas alone.Always go with a buddy and tell a friend what time you plan on returning.If you get in trouble and don't show up when you are supposed to，your friend will have you back. 【参考范文】 Winter sports are of benefit to both your physical and mental health，(要点 1) and there are many new sports for you to try in winter.(要点 2)No matter what sports you choose，turn to your instructors for advice instead of your friends；besides，always remember：step by step is the way to make progress.(要点 3)To assure your safety，first of all，make sure you get the special equipment and clothing ready；plus，never go out far by yourself.(要点 4)