2020高考英语二轮总复习专题限时训练5-3完形填空篇之议论文（Word版带解析）

Ⅰ.完形填空 郑州市 2018 届高三上学期期中考试 Do you know how discipline can help you achieve your goals? Do you know that discipline is important to __1__？ What is the power of discipline? How to become disciplined? You might think that many people are not self­disciplined, __2__ I'm going to prove to you that people in general are disciplined, but __3__， in non­beneficial ways. There are many people who smoke daily __4__ the fact that it is harmful and __5__ and it could kill them. Such people are disciplined at __6__ cigarettes and smoking. There are people who are disciplined at drinking lots of alcohol daily. Such people are disciplined at consuming alcohol. Do you __7__ where I am going with this? One of my friends who has a __8__ for running, and spends half an hour every single morning running. Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run. This is the kind of __9__ discipline that you are supposed to __10__ and create in your life. Do you know someone who bought a book, but didn't finish __11__ it for some reason? Do you know someone who decided to improve his __12__ and start eating more vegetables and fruit, but after two weeks, he __13__？ These are all examples of __14__ of discipline. If you are not disciplined，then you will have a hard time to get your __15__. As I mentioned in my book The ultimate guide to achieving your goals that you could know what you want, __16__ and take action, but if you are not self­disciplined, you will __17__ give up. With discipline, you can start getting up early in the morning, exercise, and __18__ yourself of the non­beneficial habits such as smoking and eating non­healthy food. With discipline, you can change negative habits into positive habits. With discipline, you can join the gym and start working on having a __19__ body. Do you see what the __20__ of discipline can do? Always remember what Jim Rohn said, “One discipline always leads to another discipline.” 1. A．wealth B．success C．fortune D．health 2. A．for B．andC．or D．but 3. A．unfortunately B．unwillingly C．unnecessarily D．unexpectedly 4. A．besides B．despite C．except D．without 5. A．courageous B．disgusting C．dangerous D．forbidden 6. A．selling B．buying C．getting D．consuming 7. A．care B．see C．feel D．mind 8. A．passion B．gift C．respect D．reason 9. A．formal B．positive C．negative D．religious 10. A．form B．learn C．follow D．believe 11. A．reading B．reciting C．analyzing D．reviewing 12. A．service B．diet C．skill D．performance 13. A．broke down B．turned up C．gave up D．set out 14. A．lack B．gesture C．sign D．symbol 15. A．attention B．order C．credit D．desire 16. A．plan B．listen C．ask D．hope 17. A．obviously B．practicallyC．likely D．quickly 18. A．persuade B．inform C．deliver D．break 19. A．healthier B．weaker C．heavier D．clumsier 20. A．demand B．power C．principle D．measure [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了自律的力量及其对人们的影响，作 者呼吁人们做一个自律的人，改掉不良习惯，培养健康向上的生活习惯。 1．B　【解析】考查名词辨析。wealth 财富；success 成功；fortune 命运；health 健康。根据前一句“你知道自律如何帮助你实现你的目标吗？”可知，此处指自 律对成功是很重要的。故选 B。 2．D　【解析】考查连词辨析。根据上文“你也许认为很多人的自律性不高”以 及下文“我要证明给你看的是人们一般是有自律性的”可知，上下文之间存在转 折关系。故选 D。 3．A　【解析】考查副词辨析。unfortunately 不幸地；unwillingly 不情愿地； unnecessarily 没必要地；unexpectedly 意外地。根据下文列举的吸烟、喝酒的例子 可推知，此处指“不幸地是，这些都是不好的(non­beneficial)例子”。故选 A。 4．B　【解析】考查介词辨析。besides 除此之外(还有)；despite 尽管；except 除 此之外；without 没有。句意：尽管(despite)吸烟有害是一个事实，但是很多人每天 都吸烟。故选 B。 5．C　【解析】考查形容词辨析。courageous 勇敢的；disgusting 恶心的；dangerous 危险的；forbidden 被禁止的。与前文 harmful 对应，表示“吸烟是有害和危险的 (dangerous)”。故选 C。 6．D　【解析】考查动名词辨析。selling 卖；buying 买；getting 得到；consuming 消耗。句意：这些人在消耗香烟和吸烟方面是遵守规律的。另外根据后文的“Such people are disciplined at consuming alcohol.”可知，此处应使用 consume“消耗”。故 选 D。 7．B　【解析】考查动词辨析。care 关心；see 看到；明白；feel 感觉；mind 介意。 句意：你明白(see)我从哪里引用这点吗？故选 B。8．A　【解析】考查名词辨析。passion 激情；gift 礼物；respect 尊重；reason 原 因。根据下文的“Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run.”可知，作者的一个 朋友有每天晨跑的激情。故选 A。 9．B　【解析】考查形容词辨析。formal 正式的；positive 积极的；negative 消极 的；religious 宗教的。此处与上文吸烟、喝酒不良习惯形成对比，这是一种积极的 自律性。故选 B。 10．C　【解析】考查动词辨析。form 形成；learn 学习；follow 遵循；believe 相 信。句意：这是一种在你的生活中，你应该遵循和创造的积极的自律性。故选 C。 11．A　【解析】考查动名词辨析。reading 阅读；reciting 背诵；analyzing 分析； reviewing 审查。句意：你知道有的人买了一本书，但是因为某种原因没有读完吗？ 故选 A。 12．B　【解析】考查名词辨析。service 服务；diet 饮食；skill 技巧；performance 表现。根据下文的 “start eating more vegetables and fruit”可知此处指改善自己的饮 食。故选 B。 13．C　【解析】考查动词词组辨析。break down 抛锚；turn up 露面；give up 放 弃；set out 出发。句意：但是两周后，他就放弃了。故选 C。 14．A　【解析】考查名词辨析。lack 缺乏；gesture 姿势；sign 符号；symbol 象征。 根据上文可知，列举的这些例子都是缺乏自律性的。故选 A。 15．D　【解析】考查名词辨析。attention 注意；order 顺序；credit 信用；desire 愿望。句意：如果你缺乏自律性，那么实现你的愿望将是很困难的。故选 D。 16．A　【解析】考查动词辨析。plan 计划；listen 听；ask 问；hope 希望。句意： 正像我在我的《实现你的目标终极指南》一书中提到的，你能知道你想要的、能 计划并采取行动，但是如果你自律性不强，你将可能放弃。故选 A。 17．C　【解析】考查副词辨析。obviously 显然地；practically 实际上；likely 可能； quickly 快速地。句意：但是如果你的自律性不强，你将可能放弃。故选 C。 18．D　【解析】考查动词辨析。persuade 劝说；inform 通知；deliver 传递；break 打破，解除。句意：有自律，你就能够每天早上早起、锻炼，把你身上像吸烟和 吃不健康食物的不好习惯打破。故选 D。 19．A　【解析】考查形容词辨析。healthier 更健康的；weaker 更弱的；heavier 更 重的；clumsier 更笨的。句意：有了自律性，你就能进入体育馆，开始为有一个更健康的身体而努力。故选 A。 20．B　【解析】考查名词辨析。demand 要求；power 力量；principle 纪律；measure 措施。句意：你看到自律的力量能做些什么了吗？故选 B。 Ⅱ.阅读理解 A Researchers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately judge 90 percent of a stranger's personality simply by looking at the person's shoes.“Shoes convey useful information about their wearers，” the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality. Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style，cost， color and condition of someone's shoes.In the study,63 University of Kansas researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants.Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes，and then filled out a personality questionnaire. Some of the results were expected：People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes ， and flashier shoes were typically worn by outgoing people.However，some of the more specific results are strange enough.For example， “practical and functional” shoes were generally worn by more “pleasant” people，while ankle boots were more linked with “aggressive” personalities.The strangest of all may be that those who wore “uncomfortable­looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities.And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take extreme care of them， you may suffer from “attachment anxiety”，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance.There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal(主张变革的) types wearing “shabbier and less expensive” shoes. The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personalities，but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities. 1．What does this text mainly tell us? A．Shoes can hide people's real personalities. B．Shoes convey false information about the wearer. C．People's personalities can be judged by their shoes.D．People know little about their personalities. 2．The participants were asked to ________. A．provide pictures of their shoes B．look at pictures of different shoes C．design a personality questionnaire D．hand in their commonly worn shoes 3．Which of the results is beyond people's expectation? A．Wealthy people often wear expensive shoes. B．Pleasant people like wearing uncomfortable shoes. C．Aggressive people are likely to wear ankle boots. D．Fashion shoes are typically worn by outgoing people. 4．People suffering from “attachment anxiety” tend to ________. A．wear strange shoes B．worry about their appearance C．have a calm character D．become a political leader [语篇解读]　一项新的研究表明根据一个人的鞋子可以判断他的性格，甚至是陌生 人的性格，准确率能达到 90%。研究人员指出有些研究成果是在意料之内的，而 有些结果是出乎人们意料的。 1．C　【解析】主旨大意题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段提出了“‘Shoes convey useful information about their wearers’”然后对调查活动进行了详细的介绍，最后 一段通过“their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities”进一 步印证主题，所以文章主要讲述的是人们所穿的鞋子能反映出人的性格。 2．A　【解析】细节判断题。根据第二段中的“researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants”以及“Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes”可知参与调查的人们被 要求提供他们鞋子的照片。 3．C　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“However，some of the more specific results are strange enough.For example，‘practical and functional’shoes were generally worn by more ‘pleasant’ people，while ankle boots were more linked with ‘aggressive’ personalities.”可知穿高跟短靴的人更具有攻击性是出乎人们意料的。 4．B　【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章的第三段中的“…you may suffer from ‘attachment anxiety’，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance.”可知，患有依恋焦虑症的人们，会更担心他们的外表。 B 2019·辽宁省五校协作高三联合模拟题 It took multiple weddings for Christine Law to realize what she needed to do. In the summer of 2014, her schedule was packed with friends' marriage celebrations—flower­filled occasions that got her thinking, “Where do all the flowers go after the party？” More often than not, they were thrown away. Law was confident she could find a better use for them. By August, she had a plan: convince couples and companies hosting events to donate their flowers, which she would pick up and deliver within 48 hours to seniors across the city. She wanted to bring beauty into the lives of the elderly. She drew on her experience through being a volunteer in non­profit institutions in order to set up her own organization, which she called Floranthropie. Not having enough bouquets (花束) for all 150 people of a health center, Law asked the staff to provide a list of patients who needed cheering up most, “The first woman I approached thought it was a mistake, and that the flowers couldn't possibly be for her，” says Law. “I said they were a gift, and we talked for a half hour.” In addition to health centers, Floranthropie focuses on community groups devoted to the elderly. La­titia Thélème is a volunteer for Les Petits Fières, an organization that aims to help the elderly who don't have a support system. The group receives a dozen or so bouquets from Floranthropie monthly, and then redistributes them. “Our motto is ‘flowers before bread’， ” says Thélème. “We don't focus on primary care, but rather on nourishing (滋养) the spirit. Floranthropie helps us do that. It's amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make.” In the beginning, most of Floranthropie's donations came through word of mouth. These days, Law receives messages from strangers via her organization's Facebook page and has connected with corporations and flower wholesalers. Law hopes to expand Floranthropie nationally, but at this point is happy to be able to oversee each delivery personally.5．What made Christine Law set up Floranthropie? A．The waste of flowers. B．The loneliness of seniors. C．The persuasion of other friends. D．The warm atmosphere of weddings. 6．What was the woman's reaction to Christine Law's flowers? A．She was moved. B．She was excited. C．She was worried. D．She was surprised. 7．What can we infer about Floranthropie from La­titia Thélème's words? A．It should focus on primary care. B．It is benefiting more than the elderly. C．It is doing something of great importance. D．It should cooperate with more non­profit institutions. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Volunteer Your Time B．Don't Throw Flowers Away C．Special Delivery Makes Your Day D．Brighten Seniors' Lives With Flowers [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Christine Law 把婚礼上用过的花送给 老人们，为他们的生活增加美的享受，她的做法得到了很多人的支持。 5．A　【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Where do all the flowers go after the party ？ ’ More often than not, they were thrown away. Law was confident she could find a better use for them.”可知，婚礼上使用过的花束的浪费使 Christine Law 成立了 Floranthropie 这个机构，故选 A。 6．D　【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first woman I approached thought it was a mistake, and that the flowers couldn't possibly be for her”可推知，当 Christine Law 给第一位女士送花时，她感到难以置信、相当惊讶，故选 D。 7．C　【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Floranthropie helps us do that. It's amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make.”可推知，La­titia Thélème 认 为 Floranthropie 做的事产生了很大影响，故 C 项符合文意。 8. D　【解析】标题判断题。本文主要讲述了 Christine Law 为了不浪费婚礼上用过 的花，把花送给老人们，给他们的生活带来了美，故 D 项适合作文章标题。 Ⅲ.理解七选五 Secret codes( 密 码 ) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. __1__ Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. __2__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”． __3__ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”． A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. __4__ For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”．The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. __5__However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要向读者介绍了几种类型的密码。 1．D　【解析】根据空格后的“Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.”及关键词 breaking 可知，D 项“只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图破解 它们”承上启下，符合语境。故选 D。 2．E　【解析】根据空格后的“the first letters of ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me’”并结合选项可知，此处指可以利用每个 单词的首字母来隐藏信息，E 项是下文例子的概括，符合语境。故选 E。 3．G　【解析】根据空格后的“You might represent each letter with a number，for example.”，并结合下文内容可知，也可以使用代号来代表字母表中特定的字母，G 项可以引起下文，符合语境，故选 G。 4 ． F 　 【 解 析 】 根 据 空 格 前 的 “you must have a code book” 并 结 合 空 格 后 的 “‘bridge’ might stand for ‘meet’…”可知，空格处指的是密码本的作用，因此 F 项“使用密码本，你可以记录那些代表其他单词的单词”能够衔接上下文，符合 语境。故选 F。 5．A　【解析】根据空格后的“However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.”可知，空格后的内容表示转折，由此结合选项可知，A 项“如果没有密码本， 人们很难破解密码”能够与下文内容相衔接，且 A 项中的“It is very hard”与下句中 的“it is also hard”相照应。故选 A。 Ⅳ.短文改错 Many years ago ， when I was a teenager ， I had a chance attend the National Professional Dance Competition in Beijing.It is one of the nation's biggest art event.Before the competition was started，I practiced very hard to improve each step， gradually，one and one.I forgot that it was to be tired and just thought that I had to win.Every dancer had to choose the number.Because I was too concentrated on practicing for my performance，when the judges called her number，that I didn't hear it.Eventually I heard it.I cannot describe how exciting I was.Although this first competition was a long time ago，I still clear remember it. 【答案】 Many years ago，when I was a teenager，I had a chance ∧ to attend the National Professional Dance Competition in Beijing.It is one of the nation's biggest art event events .Before the competition was＼ started，I practiced very hard to improve each step，gradually，one and by one.I forgot that what it was to be tired and just thought that I had to win.Every dancer had to choose the a number.Because I was too so concentrated on practicing for my performance，when the judges called her my number, that I didn't hear it.Eventually I heard it.I cannot describe how exciting excited I was.Although this first competition was a long time ago，I still clear clearly remember it.