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专题十九 词汇在句子中的运用
考点一 根据汉语提示和首字母写单词
第一组 (2019 江苏南京)
请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确。
1.Helen treats her students in a (耐心的) and understanding way.
【解析】海伦用耐心的和理解的方式对待她的学生.考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示及其英语
句子,可知要翻译的部分为:耐心的,形容词.英语表达是:patient.句意:海伦用耐心
的和理解的方式对待她的学生.
【答案】patient.
2.Since it will be rainy tomorrow,we have to (选择) a different time
to go jogging.
【解析】因为明天会下雨,我们不得不选择别的时间去慢跑.考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示
及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:.英语表达是:choose.have to+动词原形.句意:
因为明天会下雨,我们不得不选择别的时间去慢跑.
【答案】choose.
3. (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a
self﹣service store.
【解析】最近,Luhe 的公民有机会体验一种自助商店.考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示及其
英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:最近,副词.英语表达是:recently.句意:最近,Luhe
的公民有机会体验一种自助商店.
【答案】Recently.
4.John will have to run very fast to (打破) the school 100﹣metre race
record in the sports meeting.
【解析】约翰必须跑得很快才能打破学校运动会 100 米比赛记录.考查翻译填空.根据汉语
提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:.英语表达是:break.此处是动词不定式.句
意:约翰必须跑得很快才能打破学校运动会 100 米比赛记录.
【答案】break.
5.The Book of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems, is of great value in Chinese
(历史).
【解析】这本书的诗歌,最早的诗歌集,在中国历史上有很大的价值.考查翻译填空.根据
汉语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:历史,名词.英语表达是:history.此处
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是单数,复数形式,句意:这本书的诗歌,最早的诗歌集,在中国历史上有很大的价值.
【答案】history.
第二组 (2019 杭州)
根据下列句子及所给的首字母,在答题纸上按题号写出各单词的正确形式(每空仅限一词)。
1.I'm very hungry. I haven't e anything since 7 : 00 this morning.
2.His team had lost the game because of him. He felt like there was a heavy
w on his shoulders as he walked home alone.
3.A d is a conversation between two people in a book, film or play.
4.Judy is good-looking, but I think she looks much p with long hair
than with short hair.
5.Growing vegetables looks easy, but a it takes a lot of learning.
6.Hearing the funny story, all the students began to l loudly.
7.The doctor told the patient to take the m three times a day.
8.J 1st is Children's Day.
9.She is nineteen, and next year she is going to celebrate her t birthday..
10.It takes me 45 m to get to school by bike every morning.
1.【答案】eaten
【解析】考查动词。根据句意:我很饿,自早上 7:00 起,我没吃过任何东西。所缺词义
为“吃”。根据 since 和 haven't 可知为时态为现在完成时,结合首字母,即答案
为 eaten。(八下过去分词)
2.【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。根据句意:因为他,他的队伍输了比赛。当他独自走路回家的时候,
他感觉到了肩膀上的重压。所缺词义为“重量”。根据 a 可知为名词,结合首字母,即
答案为 weight。(九年级课本 U11 原句)
3.【答案】dialogue/dialog
【解析】考查名词。根据句意:对话是两个人在书中、电影或戏剧中的对话。所缺词义
为“对话”。根据首 a 可知为名词,结合首字母,即答案为 dialogue/dialog。(九
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年级 U9)
4.【答案】prettier
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据句意:朱迪长得很好看,但我认为她长发比短发更
好看。所缺词义为“更好看”。根据首 much 可知为形容词比较级,结合首字母,即答案为 prettier。
(八上 U4)
5.【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。根据句意:种植蔬菜看起来简单,但实际上它需要很多学识。所缺
词义为“实际上”。根据句子成分分析为副词,结合首字母,即答案为 actually。
(八下 U8)
6.【答案】laugh
【解析】考查动词。根据句意:听到这个有趣的故事,所有的学生开始大声的笑。所缺
词义为“笑”。 根 据 began to 可知后面为动词原形,结合首字母,即答案为
laugh。(八上 U3)
7.【答案】medicine(s)
【解析】考查名词。根据句意:医生告诉病人每天吃 3 次药。所缺词义为“药”。
根据 the 可知为名词,结合首字母,即答案为 medicine(s)。(八上 U6)
8.【答案】June
【解析】考查月份名词。根据句意:6 月 1 日是儿童节。所缺词义为“六月”,即答案为 June。(七
上 U8)
9.【答案】twentieth
【解析】考查数词。根据句意:她现在 19 岁,明年她要庆祝她的第 20 个生日。所缺
词义为“第二十”,即答案为 twentieth。(七上 U8)
10.【答案】minutes。
【解析】考查名词。根据句意:每天早上骑车上学花了我 45 分钟的时间。所缺词义为“分
钟”,根据 45 可知后面为名词复数,即答案为 minutes。(七 下 U3)
第三组 (2019 广州)
根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时,要求写出完整单词
51.—How o do you go to the library?
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—At least once a week。
52. David studies hard. I am sure he can pass the English e .
53. When she first went to university, she felt very I because she knew no one
there。
54. We can I a lot about pandas from different books and TV programs。
55. He likes all kinds of jokes because he has a great sense of h .
56. The boy fell behind, so he had to run to c up with his father.
【答案】often
【解析】考查副词。“—你多经常去图书馆?-至少—周—次。”问频率,用 how often。
52. David studies hard. I am sure he can pass the English e .
【答案】examination
【 解 析 】 考 查 名 词 。 “David 学 习 努 力 。 我 很 确 定 他 能 通 过 英 语 考 试 。 ” 考 试
exam/examination。
53. When she first went to university, she felt very l because she knew no one
there.
【答案】lonely
【解析】考查形容词。“当她第一次进入大学时,她感到很孤单因为她不认识那里的人。”
孤单的 lonely.
54. We can l a lot about pandas from different books and TV programs.
【答案】learn
【解析】考查动词。“我们可以从不同的书和电视节目上了解到很多关于熊猫的东西。”了
解 learn about。
55. He likes all kinds of jokes because he has a great sense of h .
【答案】humor/humour
【解析】考查名词。“他喜欢各种各样的笑话,因为他有幽默感。”幽默 humor/humour。
56. The boy fell behind. So he had to run to c up with his father.
【答案】catch
【解析】考查动词.“这个男孩落后了。所以他不得不跑起来去追赶上他爸爸.”追赶 catch
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up with。
第四组 (2019 凉山州)
根据句意及所给的首字母或汉语提示,用单词的正确形式填空,并将其答案的完整形式。
76. Could you get me an (介绍)to your friend?
【解析】你能给我介绍一下你的朋友吗?考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示及其英语句子,可知
要翻译的部分为:介绍.英语表达是: introduction.此处是单数形式,句意:你能给
我介绍一下你的朋友吗?
【答案】introduction.
77. Jack comes from America, but he knows many (传统)folk stories about Chinese
festivals.
【解析】杰克来自美国,但他知道很多关于中国节日的民间传统故事.考查翻译填空.根据
汉 语 提示 及 其 英 语句 子 , 可 知 要翻 译 的 部 分为 : 传 统 ,形 容 词 . 英语 表 达 是 :
traditional.,句意:杰克来自美国,但他知道很多关于中国节日的民间传统故事.
【答案】traditional.
78. The Russian soup s very nice, I can’t wait to drink it.
【解析】句意:俄罗斯的汤闻起来很香,我等不及要喝了.smell,动词,闻起来,句子使
用一般现在时,主语是 soup,不可数名词.
【答案】smells.
79. Do you know w baseball this is? Does it belong to Jim?
【解析】句意:你知道这是谁的棒球吗?它是吉姆的吗?放在名词前面用 whose 表示谁
的.
【答案】whose.
80. If we work hard together, our actions can make a d to the world and lead
to a better future.
【解析】句意:如果我们共同努力,我们的行动将对世界产生影响,并带来更美好的未
来.句子中 make a difference to 表示对…产生影响.
【答案】difference.
第五组 (2019 广西贵港)
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根据句子中所给的单词首字母或中文提示,填写正确的单词
36.We can't smoke in p It's harmful to others.
37.We will try our best w we are successful or not.
38.Mark can a at the office on time every day. He is never late.
39.Helen didn't go to Chongqing by plane. I , she went there by train.
40.We will have a wonderful s vacation as soon as junior high school days
are over.
41.At the age of (四十), the writer finished his fifth novel.
42.To be safe,students should (避免) going out alone at night.
43.Every autumn, the (落下的) leaves make our school more beautiful.
44.When you are tired, you can go to a (令人放松的) place to have a
rest.
45.If you want to get a prize in the speech competition, you should (准
备) for it well.
36.【解析】public 公开的,in public 在公共场所,固定短语;结合首字母 p 和预猜句意
"我们不能在公共场所吸烟.对别人有害"可知,要填"在公共场所".
【答案】public.
37.【解析】whether 是否,whether…or not,固定搭配;结合首字母 w 和预猜句意"无论
我们是否成功,我们都将尽最大努力"可知,要填"whether".
【答案】whether.
38.【解析】arrive 到达,动词;结合首字母 a 和预猜句意"马克每天都能准时到办公室,
他从不迟到"可知,要填"到达",在情态动词后面用动词原形.
【答案】arrive.
39.【解析】由题干"Helen didn't go to Chongqing by plane. I___, she went there
bytrain.海伦没有乘飞机去重庆.我___,她坐火车去的."可知,此句是一般过去时的
并列句.因此可选用疑问词 How,因此句子可变成:Helen didn't go to Chongqing by
plane. I knew, she went there by train.
【答案】knew.
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40.【解析】summer 夏天,summer vacation 暑假;结合首字母 s 和预猜句意"初中结束后
我们将有一个美妙的暑假"可知,要填"夏天".
【答案】summer.
41.【解析】四十 forty,基数词;根据句意"这位作家四十岁时完成了他的第五部小说"可
知,基数词 forty 作介词 of 的宾语.
【答案】forty.
42.【解析】避免 avoid,动词;根据句意"为了安全起见,学生们应该避免晚上独自外出"
可知,在情态动词后面用动词原形.
【答案】avoid.
43.【解析】落下的 fallen,形容词;根据句意"每年秋天,落叶使我们的学校更加美丽"
可知,要用形容词作定语.
【答案】fallen.
44.【解析】令人放松的 relaxing,形容词;根据句意"当你累了,你可以去一个放松的地
方休息"可知,要用形容词作定语.
【答案】relaxing.
45.【解析】考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:准备.英
语表达是 prepare,should 后接动词原形.
【答案】prepare.
第六组 (2019 广西百色)
根据题意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示,写出单词的正确形式,
35.Everyone believes that team will win the match this weekend.(we)
36.My grandpa is (八十) years old, he keeps doing exercise every day.
37.My father and Uncle Wang have been good friends for many years, and their
(友谊)is very strong.
38.Daming is such an (诚实的) boy that we all like him.
39.John, your (卧室) is so dirty, remember to tidy it up.
40.F comes after Thursday, and the next day is weekend.
41.Please speak more I ,so all of us can hear you.
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42.Zhang Peng didn't go home u he finished his homework yesterday.
43 . When you visit someone , it's polite to k at the door before
entering.
44.I p milk to cola because milk is much healthier, I think.
35.【解析】通过观察句子结构可知该空处后为名词 team,结合所给词为人称代词 we,故
用其相应的形容词性物主代词形式 our 在句中作定语,修饰名词 team
【答案】our
36.【解析】八十 eighty,基数词;根据句意"我爷爷八十岁了,他保持每天都做运动"可
知,要用基数词作表语.
【答案】eighty.
37.【解析】友谊 friendship,可数名词;根据句意"我的父亲和王叔叔多年来一直是好朋
友,他们的友谊非常强"可知,后面是 is,要用单数形式.
【答案】friendship.
38.【解析】诚实的 honest,形容词;根据句意"大明是个诚实的男孩,我们都喜欢他"可
知,要用形容词作定语.
【答案】honest.
39.【解析】卧室 bedroom,可数名词;根据句意"约翰,你的卧室太脏了,记得把它整理
一下"可知,要用单数形式.
【答案】bedroom.
40.【解析】星期五 Friday,名词;根据首字母 F 和预测句意"星期五是星期四之后,第二
天是周末"可知,要填"星期五".
【答案】Friday.
41.【解析】loudly 大声地,副词;根据首字母 l 和预测句意"请大声说话,这样我们大家
都能听到你的声音"可知,要填"大声地",用副词作状语.
【答案】loudly.
42.【解析】until 直到,连词;根据首字母 u 和预测句意"张鹏昨天直到做完作业才回家"
可知,要填"直到",引导时间状语从句.
【答案】until.
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43.【解析】knock 敲,动词;根据首字母 k 和预测句意"当你拜访某人时,进门前敲门是
礼貌的"可知,要填"敲",在不定式符号 to 后面要用动词原形.
【答案】knock.
44.【解析】prefer 更喜欢,动词;根据首字母 p 和预测句意"我更喜欢牛奶而不是可乐,
因为牛奶更健康,我想"可知,要填"更喜欢",要用一般现在时.
【答案】prefer.
第七组 (2019 广西河池)
根据中文或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写,使句意完整与正确。每空一词
36.For breakfast. Tina would like some milk and (蛋糕)
37.There's a pay phone (在……的后面) the library.
38.It's very (重要的) to make a plan before we do everything.
39.He s up late to watch the football match last night.
40.Come on! We haven't finished our task y .
36.【解析】考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:蛋糕.英
语表达是: cake.some 接复数形式,句意:早餐.蒂娜想要一些牛奶和蛋糕.
【答案】cakes.
37.【解析】考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:在……的
后面.英语表达是: behind.句意:图书馆后面有一个公用电话.
【答案】behind.
38.【解析】考查翻译填空.根据汉语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:重要
的.英语表达是: important.句意:在做任何事情之前都要制定一个计划是很重要
的.
【答案】important.
39.【解析】句意:他昨晚熬夜看足球赛.last night 用于一般过去时,stay up 表示熬
夜.
【答案】stayed.
40.【解析】句意:快点!我们还没有完成任务.yet,还,仍然.用于现在完成时态,疑
问句句末.
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【答案】yet.
第八组 (2019 四川成都)
补全单词根据首字母及句意写出完整单词。
1.The trade war between China and the US will have influence on our country,but
our government c____says that we have the ability to deal with it.
2.Being e by my teachers,I can solve almost all the problems that seemed difficult
for me at first.
3.It’s known lo all that Taiwan is part of China,and it can never be s_ from
our motherland.
4.I he manager will be so busy next month that he has to c___ a few unimportant
meetings.
5.Creativity is great w____ for us because of its value in our work and life.
1.【答案】 confidently/calmly
【解析】根据句子结构可知应该空格处应填一个副词,再根据句意:中美贸易战将会影响我
们的国家,但是我们的政府自信或淡定地说我们有能力应对。
2.【答案】 encouraged
【解析】此题为非谓语动词表被动,找到主语跟非谓语动词之间的关系,应该是被鼓励,所
以填过去分词形式。
3. 【答案】separated
【解析】此题考查被动语态及固定搭配,再根据句意:台湾是中国的一部分,它和祖国不能
被分割,可知应填分离,分割的被动形式。
4. 【答案】cancel
【解析】根据句子结构 has to 可知应该填一个动词原形,再根据句意:经理下个月如此忙
碌以至于他不得不取消一些不重要的会议。
5. 【答案】wealth
【解析】根据句子结构可知空格处应填一个名词,再根据句意:创造力地我们来说是巨大的
财富,因为它在我们工作和生活中所体现的价值。
考点二 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
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第一组 (2019 山东临沂)
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,每空格限填一词。
61. I felt _____________ lying in the sun on the beach. (relax)
【答案】 relaxed
【解析】句意:躺在沙滩上晒太阳,我感到很放松。连系动词 feel 后跟形容词作表语,主
语为人,故填 relaxed。
62.The little boy said, "I am old enough to take good care of ____________"(my)
【答案】 myself
【解析】句意:小男孩说:“我已经长大了,可以好好地照顾自己了。”take care of oneself
意为“照顾自己”。
63.Our team lost the game because we played very ____________ (bad).
【答案】badly
【解析】句意:我们队输了比赛,因为我们打得很差。修饰实义动词 play 用副词。
64. In America, 95% of pet owners think of their animals as family
_____________.(member)
【答案】members
【解析】句意:在美国,95%的宠物主人认为他们的宠物是一家人。根据句意和 their animals
可知用名词复数形式。
65. A team of climbers from Peking University reached the top of the world's
______________
mountain, Qomolangma, on May 15, 2018. (high)
【答案】 highest
【解析】句意:2018 年 5 月 15 日,北京大学登山队登上世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。根据句意
并结合常识可知,用形容词最高级。
66. Scientists around the world are working to _________a medicine for AIDS (艾滋病).
(cover)
【答案】discover
【解析】句意:世界各地的科学家正在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的药物。cover 意为“覆盖”,
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discover 意为“发现;寻找”。
67.Have you ever cut your finger on the edge (边缘) of a book page? The small cut
on your fingeris so _____________. (pain)
【答案】 painful
【解析】句意:你曾经在书页边缘割破了手指吗?你手指上的小伤口很疼。be 动词后跟形容
词作表语,并结合句意可知填 painful。
68. There are about 6,000' languages that are spoken around the world, but 43% of
them are dying out. If no _________is taken, some of these languages will disappear.
(act)
【答案】 action
【解析】句意:世界上大约有 6000 种语言在使用,但其中 43%正在消失。如果不采取行动,
这些语言中的一些将会消失。take action 意为“采取行动”。
第二组(2019 扬州)
46. Alice stood up and ran ______ the field after the rabbit. (cross)
【答案】across
【解析】across,介词,穿过。
47. The silk scarf is pretty and ______ her blue coat very well. (match)
【答案】matches
【解析】一般现在时,主语是 the silk scarf,match 用第三人称单数。
48. The old man started to learn how to surf the Internet in his ________. (eighty)
【答案】eighties
【解析】in his eighties 在他八十多岁的时候。
49. Follow that ______ advice and soon you will solve the problem. (teacher)
【答案】teacher’s
【解析】考察名词所有格,that 是单数,所以 teacher 直接加’s。
50. If the golden sun should stop ______ its light, just one smile from you would
make my whole world bright. (shine)
【答案】shining
【解析】stop doing sth 停止做某事.
51. We are going to study in a new school in ________.(九月)
【答案】September
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【解析】考察“月份”发的单词拼写。
52. I believe I will ________ in passing the English exam. (成功)
【答案】succeed
【解析】succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
53. Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn ________.(树
叶)
【答案】leaves
【解析】树叶 leaf,复数 leaves.
54. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger and I’m ________ of her. (自
豪的)
【答案】proud
【解析】be proud of 为...自豪
55. In the past, many rivers were ________ seriously, but now they are cleaned up.
(污染)
【答案】polluted
【解析】根据题意“被污染”用过去分词。
第三组(2019 江苏南京)
请根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 26-30
的相应横线上。
26.﹣﹣Where are our seats, Henry?
﹣﹣﹣We should sit in the fifth /5th (five)row.
【解析】﹣﹣我们的座位在哪里,哈利?﹣﹣我们应该坐在第五排.
根据空格前面的词语是定冠词 the,所以要用序数词来填空,结合给出的单词提示,因此可
知这句话的意思是"﹣﹣我们的座位在哪里,哈利?﹣﹣我们应该坐在第五排."five 基数
词,五.
【答案】fifth /5th.
27.TikTok, which is suddenly (sudden) everywhere on the Internet, is making
its way into our lives.
【解析】抖音,突然在网络上到处都是,已经进入了我们的生活.
根据空格后面的词语是"everywhere on the Internet"因此可知要用副词来修饰,结合给出
的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"抖音,突然在网络上到处都是,已经进入了我们的
生活."sudden 形容词,突然.
14
【答案】suddenly.
28.We might no longer need (need) paper money one day because of WeChat Wallet
and Alipay.
【解析】由于微信钱包和支付宝,有一天我们可能不再需要纸币了.
根据空格前面的词语是 might,因此可知后面要用动词原形来填空,结合给出的单词提示,
因此可知这句话的意思是"由于微信钱包和支付宝,有一天我们可能不再需要纸币了."need
动词,需要.
【答案】need.
29.There are (be) many things to enjoy about traveling, including the natural
beauty and
delicious food.
【解析】关于旅行有许多可以享受的事情,包括自然风景和美食.
根据空格后面的词语是"many things"在 there be 结构中,要用 are 来填空,因此可知这句
话的意思是"关于旅行有许多可以享受的事情,包括自然风景和美食."be 动词原形,是.
【答案】are
30 . It is reported that thousands of running friends from 25 countries
(country) took part in 2019 Nanjing Jiangning Marathon.
【解析】据报道有来自 25 个国家好几千个跑友参加了 2019 年南京马拉松.
根据空格前面的词语是 25,所以要用复数名词来填空,结合给出的单词提示,因此可知这
句话的意思是"据报道有来自 25 个国家好几千个跑友参加了 2019 年南京马拉松."country
名词,国家.
【答案】countries.
第四组(2019 内蒙古)
用所给词或短语的适当形式填空
someone wait for decide even though week as well as high mention
Germany try one’s best
61. —Could I ask if you _______________ this to her till now? —Yes, but she
refused to listen.
62. ___________the usual activities, such as sailing and climbing, there was a
writing class in the summer camp.
63. On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly to ____________ground when
15
an earthquake happens.
64. In order to catch the early bus, we had to stop ____________them.
65. As is known to all, __________________who breaks the rules should be punished.
66. He asked for two __________leave to look after his sick father.
67. During the World War Ⅱ, millions of _________lost their lives.
68. —Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?
—No decision yet. I think it _______after discussing with my PE teacher.
69. The students in Miss Wang’s class are all _______to study hard to go to the
university.
70. She won’t leave the TV set, _________her supper is on the table.
【解析】(1)have mentioned.考查动词短语.根据意思:"我能问问你到现在为止是否向
她提起过这个吗?是的,但她拒绝听."现在完成时态,have done.
【答案】have mentioned.
【解析】(2)As well as.考查副词短语.根据意思:"除了通常的活动,如航海和攀岩,
夏令营还开设了写作课.",也 as well as.
【答案】As well as.
【解析】(3)higher.考查形容词.根据意思:"在海滩上,当地震发生时,要逃离大海,
迅速移动到高地.",更高的 higher.
【答案】higher.
【解析】(4)waiting for.考查动词短语.根据意思:"为了赶上早班车,我们不得不停
止等他们.",stop doing 停止干某事.
【答案】waiting for.
【解析】(5)anyone.考查不定代词.根据意思:"众所周知,任何违反规则的人都应该受
到惩罚.",任何人 anyone.
【答案】anyone.
【解析】(6)weeks'.考查所有格.根据意思:"他请了两个星期的假来照顾生病的父
亲.",所有格以 s 结尾加'
【答案】weeks'.
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【解析】(7)Germans.考查名词.根据意思:"二战期间,数百万德国人丧生.德国人复
数是 Germans"
【答案】Germans.
【解析】(8)will be decided.考查动词短语.根据意思:"你在学校运动会上参加什么运
动?还没有决定.我想和我的体育老师商量后决定."一般将来时态被动语态 will be done
【答案】will be decided.
【解析】(9)trying their best.考查动词短语.根据意思:"王老师班上的学生都在努力
学习以便上大学.",现在进行时态 be doing
【答案】trying their best.
【解析】(10)even though.考查副词短语.根据意思:"即使她的晚餐在桌上,她也不会
离开电视机."即使 even though,【答案】even though.