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专题十八 任务型阅读
1.(2019 河北)
阅读短文，并按要求完成 66~70 题
Critical thinking(批判性思维) is trying to improve the way you think. People
use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims(评估
主张).
Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a problem comes
our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it. When we see an
advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Advertisements are made to
make people feel certain that they are true, and then people can buy the products.
But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim? Or does it only interest
us? Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. In fact,
we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see.
Practice makes perfect. While you are growing in critical thinking, you’ll
become a wiser and more thoughtful person. There are many ways of doing practice.
Here are a few.
★ Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books on all sides
of the subject. For each side of the subject, think carefully and evaluate
it.
★ When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim
and why?
★Evaluate your own thinking. Where and why do you think uncritically? How can
you improve?
Critical thinking should be part of everything we do. It may help you to succeed
at work or school. Make yourself into a habit of critical thinking. Change your
thoughts and change your world.
66、67 题完成句子；68 题简略回答问题；69 题找出并写下第二段的主题句；70 题将文中画
线句子译成汉语。
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66. People use critical thinking to _____________________________ and evaluate
claims.
67. Critical thinking can stop us from
____________________________________________.
68. What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking?
____________________________________________________________________________
_____
69.
______________________________________________________________________________
70.
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】：
66. solve problems. 67. making poor choices. 68. I’ll become a wiser
and more thoughtful person.
69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice.
70. 它可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。
66. solve problems. 67. making poor choices. 68. I’ll become a wiser
and more thoughtful person.
69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice.
70. 它可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。
【解析】：
66. 细节题，较简单。考察精确查找答案的能力。根据题意锁定第一段第二句 “ People
use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate
claims.” 可知答案。
67. 细节题，较简单。通过题目关键词找到第二段倒数第二句 “ Critical thinking is
important and stops us from making poor choices.” 为原句可知答案。
68. 细节题，较简单。认真读题，通过关键词 “ as you grow in critical
thinking” 找到原句为第三段第二句 “ While you are growing in critical thinking,
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you’ll become a wiser and more thoughtful person.” 可知答案。此题需要注意两
点。1）是原句中的 “ while” 和题目中的 “ as” 是同义词，“当......的时候”
的意思。2）任务型阅读中 68 题简略回答问题如果问题中有第二人称时，在回答的时候需要
变成相对应的第一人称。
69. 考察主题句。段落的主题句通常为某段的第一句，此题也不例外。通过对第二段的理
解可知，该段第一句为主题句，后面内容都是对第一句的举例及说明。此题较为简单。
70. 此题难度较低。翻译时需要注意短语 help sb to do 及 succeed“成功”的中文释义。
2.(2019 扬州)
阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写成空缺处
所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Nowadays, many people in China and Japan are racing against time. They put a
lot of value in “being on time”. However, in some countries of the world, people
have different opinions on “being on time”.
Germany
Thanks to its industrial past, in Germany you are expected to arrive at least
ten minutes earlier for any planned meeting.In Germany, being on time is risky enough
because your hosts will probably already be there waiting, wondering how on earth
you could be so stupid. What will you do if anything unexpected happens, like heavy
traffic or a sudden rain? So remember to arrive early in Germany.
Saudi Arabia
Some countries care little about time and Saudi Arabia is one of them. It’s
because of their long history of desert living where time is not the first thing
to think about. It could be that it’s too hot to do anything on time. So don’t
expect them to be on time. Moreover, looking at your watch during an event is even
considered as bad manners. So don’t get angry with them, either.
Ghana
Most meeting times can be changed, even if an exact time is given, Ghanaians
are very relaxed and easygoing. They think that if everyone is late, then no one
is late. After all, what can’t be done today can get done tomorrow. If you find
it difficult to deal with, prepare to be unhappy. Otherwise, sit back enjoy the ride.
Russia
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Patience is considered a very important quality in Russian culture but being
on time is not. When doing business in Russia, do be on time. Otherwise, it will
be considered disrespectful. But Russians won’t hold themselves to the same
standard. So, again, patience can be key.
How differently people ______56_______ “being on time” in different countries
________57________ Different opinions on “being on time”
China and Japan ●Both Chinese and Japanese think it________58______to be on
time.
Germany ●_______59________expect you to arrive early for any planned
meeting because of the influence of their industrial past.
●You are thought to be stupid _____60_______you arrive at
least ten minutes earlier.
Saudi Arabia ●Time is not the_______61________thing for people living in
the desert to consider.
●Looking at your watch during an event is considered to
be_________62_______
Ghana ●Ghanaians think that if everyone is late,
then_______63______ is late.
●Most meeting times can be changed. You might be unhappy if
you can’t accept it.
Russia ●Be patient in Russia because it’s very important quality
in its _______64_______.
●While doing business in Russia, you should be on time, though
Russians are not strict with_______65______ in it.
【答案与解析】：
56.think / consider 57. Countries 58.valuable 59. Germans 60. unless
61.first 62.rude / impolite 63.nobody 64.culture 65.themselves
解析：
56.think / consider 根据文中第一段第三句的 have different opinions 转换得
57. Countries 根据表格第一列都是各国家名可得答案 country，注意首字母大写
58.valuable 根据文中第一段第二句的 value 转换可得
59. Germans 根据文中第二段的 in Germany 可得
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60. unless 根据文中第三段第一句句意可得
61.first 根据文中第四段第二句可得
62.impolite 或 rude 根据文中第四段倒数第二句 bad manners 可得
63.nobody 根据文中第五段第二句 no one 转换可得
64.culture 根据最后一段第一句可得
65.themselves 根据最后一段倒数第二句可得
3. (2019 凉山州)
完成表格。阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并将其答案的完整
形式写在答题卡上相应的位置。每空一词。
When l was a teenager growing up in a town, I felt studying very boring, I wanted
to leave school and have my own life. There were only two ways for me to do
this—working in the toy factory in my town, or getting married. I chose the first
one. I was nervous when I told my
father that I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “No! You are going
to college.” Instead, he surprised me when he said, “OK. We’ll go to the toy
factory.”
Two days later, he took me to the factory. I had a very romantic idea of working
in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having
fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I guess I had watched too
many movies as a teenager.
When we arrived at the factory gates, my father spoke to the guard and one minute
later we went inside. My father said, “Take your time. Look around.” I walked around
the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It
was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home.”
He asked me, “What do you think of the factory?”
“It’s terrible.” I replied.
“You have the other choice if you don’t want to go back to school. But I think
getting married is even worse!” he said.
I went back to school the next day. From then on, I studied as hard as I could.
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Finally I got into a good college. I enjoyed studying English, so I decided to major
in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, now I
work in a company which is a big one in a city. And my father takes pride in me.
I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working
in the factory!
A 96 to a factory with my father
I felt bored to 97 .
I didn’t choose to get 99 . I have 98 choices if I
leave school. I choose to work in a toy factory.
At school
I told my father about the decision and he 100 .
The workers would have 102 working
together.
The factory I 101
There would be music and singing.
In the factory
The factory I walk around It’s terrible to have much 103 .
At 104 I majored in languages because I like English.
I have a good family.In a big company
My father is 105 of my.
【答案与解析】
作者感到学习很无聊．她的爸爸带她去了一家玩具工厂，看到工厂的情况以后，她决
定回到学校努力学习．后来考上了一所好大学，主修语言，现在在城里的一个大公司工
作．
（1）visit．考查名词．根据文章介绍可知，作者的爸爸带着她去了工厂，
he took me to the factory．看到了工厂工人的工作状态和，工作环境．因此我们
可以看出这个句子的意思是"和爸爸去工厂的一次参观"，所以填写名词 visit．故答案为
visit．
（2）study．考查动词．根据句子 I felt studying very boring，"我感到学习很无
聊"，可以确定此处应该填写 study，这和原文的句子意思相同，在动词不定式符号 to 的后
面用原形．故答案为 study．
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（3）two．考查数词．根据文中的句子 There were only
two ways for me to do this，"我有两条路可走"，可以看出，如果作者不上学只有
两个选择：到玩具厂工作或者结婚．故答案为 two．
（4）married．考查形容词．根据文中的句子 I chose the first one，"我选择了第
一个"．作者不上学只有两箱条路可走，一是 working in the toy factory ，另一个
是 getting married．"第一个"也就是 working in the toy factory．所以她没有选
择结婚，应该填写 married．句子的意思是"她没有选择结婚"．故答案为 married．
（5）agreed．考查动词．根据第一段最后的句子 I thought he would say，
"No! Youare going to college．" Instead，
he surprised me when he said， "OK．We'll go to the toy factory，"
我认为他会说……相反，好吧，我们就去玩具工厂"．说明作者的父亲同意了她的要求．因
此要填写"同意"，agreed， 和前面的句子在时态上保持一致，因此也用过去式的形式．故
答案 agreed．
（6）imagined．考查动词．根据表格右侧内容，作者想象当中工厂的"工人在一起工作是很
开心的，还有音乐和歌声"．再结合原文的句子 I had jmagined everyone…确定这是作者原
来想象的情况，所以这个短语应该是 the factory I imagined．I imagined 是定语从句，修
饰 the factory．意思是"我想象中的工厂"．此处填写 imagined，和原文的大部分句子时态
一致，用过去式的形式．故答案为 imagined．
（7）fun．考查名词．根据原文的句子 I had imagined everyone to be friendly
working together and having fun． "我想象在一起工作，每个人都很友好，而且
很开心"．所以应该填名词 fun，"有趣的事情"，have fun doing sth 意思是"做某事很开心
"．故答案为 fun．
（8）noise．考查名词．根据文中 and listeing to the noise，知道这是作者在工厂看到
的现象，所以应该填写不可数名词 noise，"噪音"．故答案为 noise．
（9）last．考查副词．文中说
Finally I gotinto a good college． I enjoyed studying English，
so I decided to major in languages at college，"最后我上了一所好大学，
我喜欢学习英语，所以决定在大学主修语言"．句首的 Finally 意思是"最后"，相当于 at
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last．因此此题应该填写 last． 故答案为 last．
（10）proud．考查形容词．原文说 Andmy father takes pride in me，"我的爸爸
为我感到自豪"．短语 take pride in 的意思是"为……感到自豪"，相当于 be proud of． 根
据横线前边的 is 和后边的 of 确定，这里应该填写形容词 proud，构成短语 be proud of． 故
答案为 proud．
4. (2019 天津)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子．
Friends are an important part of our lives．We spend time with them，have fun
together．and share our opinions， feelings and even secrets．Life would be boring
without friends．
Friends influence who we are．help us learn， support（支持）us in good and
bad times．and care for us even when we are not happy．
Often．we have many happy moments with our friends．We need someone to share
things with to make them more enjoyable．Being lonely for long periods of time
is not a great feeling．
That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing（维
持），a close group of friends．
It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether（不论） it is about a
sad or happy subject．
In good times， it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone．It is
also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant
experience．Friends arc important pillars（中心人物）of support．
Friends teach us important lessons． No two persons are the same． As time
goes by， we learn to respect one another's differences．This acceptance of others'
differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives， such as
new family members，neighbours and new friends．
（1）Life without friends．
（2）Being lonely for long periods of time ．
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（ 3 ） It is important to have a friend to talk to ，
whether ．
（ 4 ） You need someone to support you
if ．
（ 5 ） No two persons are the same ， so we
should ．
【答案与解析】
本文介绍的是朋友的重要性，以及如何与朋友相处．
（1）would be boring．细节理解题．根据第一段最后的句子 Life would be boring without
friends，"没有朋友，生活将是很无聊的"，可确定此处要填写 would be boring．故答案为
would be boring．
（2）is not a great feeling．细节理解题．第三段最后的句子 Being lonely for long
periods of time is not a great feeling，意思是"长时间的寂寞不是一种好的感觉"．根
据这个句子判定此处应该填写 is not a great feeling．答案为 is not a great feeling．
（3）it is about a sad or happy subject．细节理解题．根据文中的句子 It is important
to have a friend to talk to，whether it is about a sad or happy subject，"有一个朋友
去聊天儿是很重要的，不管你谈的是难过的还是快乐的话题"．因此应该填写 it is about
a sad or happy subject．故答案为 it is about a sad or happy subject．
（4）you have just had an unpleasant experience．细节理解题．根据文中的句子 It
is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant
experience 可以确定此题答案是 you have just had an unpleasant experience．这话
的意思是"如果你刚刚有一个不愉快的经历，你需要有人来支持你"．故答案为 you have
just had an unpleasant experience．
（5）learn to respect one another's differences．细节理解题．文章说 No two persons
are the same ． As time goes by ， we learn to respect one another's
differences，"没有两个人是相同的．随着时间的流逝，我们学会尊重别人的差别"，因
此看出此处要填写 learn to respect one another's differences．故答案为 learn to
respect one another's differences．
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5. (2019 德州)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子
It is a great thing to help others. First, you can learn new things. Second,
it can also make you feel good.
How can you do it? Helping through charities (慈善团体) is a good idea. Charities
are organizations (组织) that help others. September 5 is the International Day of
Charity.
You can help charities by giving your time, giving money or giving things that
you own.
●Volunteering
Volunteering is to give time to help others without pay.
Some ways of volunteering are:
☆visiting old people to talk to them or help them
☆walking dogs at an animal shelter (收容所)
☆cleaning up a park
☆helping some children. You can teach the children without life skills
how to take care of themselves.
● Fundraising
Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity
to help others. Some ways of fundraising are:
☆making cakes or biscuits to sell
☆ doing sponsored (有赞助的) activities. For example, families and friends give
you money if you finish a long walk.
● Donating
Donating is to give your things to a charity to help others.
Some ways of donating are:
☆giving your old toys or clothes to a charity that helps
sick children or poor people
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☆giving your old books to a library.
So, what can you do to help others?
71. Why is it a great thing to help others? (at least one)
______________________________________________________________
72. Which day is the International Day of Charity?
_____________________________________________________________
73. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________
74. Mary makes some money by drawing pictures. She gives the money to a charity.
It is a way of ______________. (填写序号 A 或 B 或 C)
A. volunteering B. fundraising C.
donating
75. Give a proper title to the passage.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案与解析】
本篇讲述了帮助他人是一样对自己有益的事情。同时，介绍了几种帮助他人的方式。
71. 根据文章第一段，帮助他人的好处有两条“First, you can learn new things. Second,
it can also make you feel good.”所以可以回答“Because you can learn new things.”或
者“Because it can make you feel good.”
72. 根据文章第二段“September 5 is the International Day of Charity.”，所以可回
答“It is September 5.”
73. 翻译题，“你可以教没有生活技能的孩子们如何照顾自己。”
74. 根据文章中“Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity to help
others. ”可知这种方式是通过筹钱或者赚钱的方式把钱给慈善组织来帮助他人，可知选择
B。
75. 根据文章第一二段可将最佳标题归纳为“How to help others”。
5. （2019 重庆 A 卷）
阅读下文并回答问题。
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In Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, there is a group of people who are busy drawing
maps around. They are not workers on geography, but dispatchers( 调 度 员 ) on
Emergency(急救) Center of the city.
Since 2007, the dispatchers in the center have been drawing maps of the local
areas.
“A dispatcher’s job is counted in seconds,” says Liang Ruimei, a dispatcher
in the center. She has been working in ther center since it started in 2007. “We
must answer the phone in 3 seconds, get clear information about the patient in 60
seconds and dispatch(调度) emergency medical workers in 3 minutes at most. If we
save one second, the patient may have a better chance to live.”
Although nowadays the center has electronic maps, the dispatchers still walk
through the streets to draw maps by hand.
After many years’ hard work, the dispatchers keep every building and street
of the city in mind. They even know whether or not a car can enter the gate of a
building. Sometimes the caller can’t tell clearly where he is, but it doesn’t
matter. As long as he describes the buildings around, the dispatcher can dispatch
emergency medical workers to him.
“We are trying to be quicker than Death,” says Liang.
65. Is Liang Ruimei a dispatcher in Emergency Center of Jinzhong?
66. When did Emergency Center of Jinzhong start?
67. To be quicker than Death, what do the dispatchers in Emergency Center of Jinzhong
do?
68. Do you think it necessary for dispatchers to draw maps by hand when they have
electronic maps? Why or why not?
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【答案与解析】
65. Yes, she is.
解析：由第三段第一句可知答案。
66. In 2007.
解析：由第三段第二句可知答案。
67. They remember every corner of the city through hand-made maps, and dispatch
emergency medical workers to the right place as soon as possible.
解析：通读全文可推知，这些调度员通过手绘地图来记住城市的每一个角落，以求做到以最
快的速度把进行急救的医务人员送到正确的地方，争分夺秒，挽救生命。
68. Yes. Because maps by hand show small facts of the city more correctly and
electronic maps may not work sometimes.
No. Because electronic maps are easier to use and can show the latest road situation.
解析：此题为开放性试题。
7.(2019 枣庄)
读下面有关一个学生 问题的文章，在每个题目下做简短的笔记
Dear Mr．Hunt，
My problem is that I can't get on with my family． Relations between my parents
have become difficult． They fight a lot， and I really don't like it． It's the
only communication they have． I dont know if I should say anything to them about
this． When they argue， it's like a big， black cloud hanging over our
home． Also，my elder brother is not very nice to me． He always refuses to let me
watch my favorite TV show． Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at
night． I don't think this is fair， At home I always feel lonely and nervous． Is
that normal？ What can I do？
Sad and Thirteen
Dear Sad and Thirteen，
It's not easy being your age， and it's nor these feelings． Why don't you talk
about these feelings with your family？ If your parents are having problems， you
的
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should offer to help． Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they
have more time for proper communication． Secondly， why don't you sit down and
communicate with your brother？ You should explain that you don't mind him watching
TV all the time． However，he should let you watch your favorite show， I hope things
will be better for you soon．
Mr．Hunt
11. ①The writer's main problem：___
②The writer's problem about his/her parents：___
12. ①The writer's problem about his/her brother：___
②The writer's problem about himself/herself：___
13. The advice that Mr．Hunt gives about his/ her problem with his/her brother：
___
14. Please find the sentence in the passage that has the same meaning as"He doesn't
always allow me to watch the TV program I like best．"（请在本文中找与划线句子意
思相同的句子）___
15. The language goals（语言目标） of this passage：___
【答案与解析】
11. (1). He can't get on with his family． (2). Relations between his parents
have become difficult．They fight a lot．
12. (1). His elder brother is not very nice to him． (2). Talk about problems
and give advice．
13. Sit down and communicate with his brother．
14. He always refuses to let me watcch my favorite TV show．
15. Talk about problems and give advice．
本文是一篇综合型阅读，主要介绍了一个男孩写给 Mr. Hunt 的一封信，以及 Mr. Hunt 给他
回复的相关建议。
【11 题】
细节理解题。根据原文 My problem is that I can't get on with my family，我的问题就
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是我不能和我的家人相处好．Relations between my parents have become difficult． They
fight a lot，我父母之间的关系变得很艰难，他们经常吵架．故答案为：(1). He can't get
on with his family． (2). Relations between his parents have become difficult．They
fight a lot．
【12 题】
细节理解题。根据原文 my elder brother is not very nice to me 我的哥哥对我不友好。At
home I always feel lonely and nervous 在家我总是感到孤独和紧张。故答案为：(1). His
elder brother is not very nice to him ． (2). Talk about problems and give
advice．
【13 题】
细节理解题。根据原文 why don't you sit down and communicate with your brother？为
什么不坐下来和你哥哥沟通下？故答案为：Sit down and communicate with his brother．
【14 题】
细节理解题。根据题目 He doesn't always allow me to watch the TV program I like
best，他总是不让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。即文中的 He always refuses to let me watch
my favorite TV show．故答案为：He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV
show．
【15 题】
语言目标题。根据原文，Sad and Thirteen 提出了自己的问题，与父母，与哥哥的问题，而
Mr．Hunt 针对问题给出了相应的建议。所以语言目标就是谈论问题和给建议。故答案为：Talk
about problems and give advice．
8. (2019 枣庄)
读下面关于大象的文章，然后回答文章后的问题．
Hello．We are students from Thailand，and we want to save the elephants．The
elephant is one of Thailand's symbols．Our first flag had a white elephant on
it．This is a symbol of good luck．
Elephants are smart animals． They can play soccer or music．They can also draw
very well．People say that "an elephant never forgets"．Elephants can walk for a
16
long time and never get lost．They can also remember places with food and water．This
helps them to live．
But elephants are in great danger．People cut down many trees so elephants are
losing their homes．People also kill elephants for their ivory．Today there are only
about 3，000 elephants（over 100，000 before），We must save the trees and not buy
things made of ivory． Remember that March 13th is Thai Elephant Day．
1. What's the topic of this passage？___
2. Why are elephants important in Thailand？___
3. What can the elephant do？（Two examples）___
4. Why are elephants in danger？___
5. What can people do to save the elephants？___
【答案与解析】
1. It's elephants．
2. Because the elephant is one of Thailand's symbols， their first flag had a white
elephant on it and this is a symbol of good luck．
3. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost．They can also remember
places with food and water．
4. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes and they also kill
elephants for their ivory．
5. They must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory．
【解析】这是一篇阅读表达，主要介绍了大象的故事。
【1 题】
主旨大意题。题目问这篇文章的主题是什么。根据 We are students from Thailand，and we
want to save the elephants.我们是来自泰国的学生，我们想拯救大象。本文是围绕大象展
开的。因此主题就是大象。故答案为:It's elephants.
【2 题】
细节理解题。题目问为什么大象在泰国很重要。根据 The elephant is one of Thailand's
symbols. Our first flag had a white elephant on it. This is a symbol of good luck.大象是
17
泰国的标志之一。我们的国旗上有一个白色的大象。这是好运的象征。故答案为：Because the
elephant is one of Thailand's symbols, their first flag had a white elephant on it
and this is a symbol of good luck.
【3 题】
细节理解题。题目问大象能做什么。根据 They can play soccer or music．They can also
draw very well．Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost．They can also
remember places with food and water．他们会踢足球或玩音乐。他们也可以很好地画画。
大象可以走很久的路并且不会迷路。他们能记得有食物和水的地方。四个句子选择其中两个
回答即可。故答案为：Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost．They can
also remember places with food and water．
【4 题】
细节理解题。题目问为什么大象濒临灭绝。根据 But elephants are in great danger．People
cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes．People also kill elephants
for their ivory．但是大象濒临灭绝。人们砍了许多树因此大象正在失去家园。人们也杀大
象取象牙。故答案为：People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes
and they also kill elephants for their ivory．
【5 题】
细节理解题。题目问人们可以怎么做去拯救大象。根据 We must save the trees and not buy
things made of ivory. 我们必须保护树木并且不购买象牙制品。故答案为：They must save
the trees and not buy things made of ivory.
9. (2019 山东临沂)
读下面关于大象的文章，然后回答文章后的问题．
The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the
population is falling.
This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe. In Russia, the
population is going down by about 100 people EVERY HOUR! Russia's population could
fall by ONE THIRD by the year 2050! And in Poland (波兰) the population is also going
down because people are leaving to work in other countries.
18
One of the main reasons is a change of lifestyle. All over Europe people,
especially educated women, have a different attitude(态度) to children than their
parents. "I have one child and she is enough for me," said Galina Tereschkova, a
doctor from Moscow. "My husband and I both work full-time. We can't imagine having
more than one child." Many women decide to have children later in life or not to
have children at all. "I don't want to have any children until I have worked for
at least 10 years," said 19-year-old student Hana Markova from Prague. Her opinion
is typical of 18-24 year old women everywhere in Europe.
In Poland, the population is going down for a different reason. A lot of people,
usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad. Poland joined
the European Union in 2005 and since then more than half a million people have moved
to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy. Even so, the population of those four countries
and many other countries in West Europe is also going down.
Many governments are now encouraging people to have larger families. In France,
women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child. Austrian
women receive $700 a month for three years when they have their first child.
76. Where in the world is the population getting smaller?
___________________________________________________________________
77. How many children does Galina Tereschkova want to have?
___________________________________________________________________
78. What does Hana Markova want to do before she has children?
___________________________________________________________________
79. Why is the population in Poland going down?
___________________________________________________________________
80. How does the French government encourage people to have larger families now?
___________________________________________________________________
【答案与解析】
本文介绍了尽管世界人口在增长，但在一些国家里，尤其一些欧洲一些国家，特别在俄
19
罗斯、英国、德国、西班牙和意大利等国家里，随着生育观和生活方式的变化，人口在减少，
这些国家正采取措施，鼓励生育。
76. This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe.细节理解题。根据第二
段第一句 This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe.可知，在欧洲特别是在
东欧，人口在减少。
77.One/Only one. 根据第三段中 “I have one child and she is enough for me," said
Galina Tereschkova 可知，她只想拥有一个孩子。
78. She wanted to work for at least 10 years.根据第三段中 Hana Markova 的观点 I don't
want to have any children until I have worked for at least 10 years 可知，在我工
作至少 10 年之前，我不想要孩子。
79.Because a lot of people are leaving the country to work abroad.根据第四段第二
句 A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work
abroad.可知，在波兰，许多人，通常年龄在 20 到 30 岁之间，正离开这个国家到国外工作。
80. In France, women will receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a
third child. 根据最后一段 In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for
a year if they have a third child 可知，法国，如果女性生第三个孩子，她们每年每月
可获得近 1000 美元。
10.(2019 宁夏)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在每小题句子空白处填入适当词语，使其意思与短文内
容一致（每空词数不限）。
Confidence（自信）is very important in daily life.It can help you to develop
a healthy attitude（态度）.A study shows that the people who are more confident are
much happier.They can have more chances to make themselves successful.But how to
be more confident?Here are some suggestions:
Speak loudly When you are not confident，you can't do well what you want to do.You
speak in a voice so low that other people can harlly hear you.Tty to speak loud enough
so that people can understand you clearly.The high voice can help you become more
confident.
20
Play sports Playing sports makes you tired but completely relaxed.When you do
sports，you will be full of confidence.
Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the day and see
how many things you have done well.Did you finish your homework?Did you tell a joke
that made everyone laugh? Give yourself praise for the good things you've done.
Get rid of（消除）fear Fear comes along with failure（失败）.But it's easy to
get over（克服）if you know that failure is part of your life.Don't hide your head
just because you said something stupid last time.Try to start again and believe you
can do better.
Pick up what you like to do If you like singing，sing as much as you can.In some
ways，a hobby can make you excellent.And it will make you happy and confident.
76.A study shows if you are more confident，you will be .
77.In order to make people hear you clearly，you should .
78.You'd better yourself for the good things you've done.
79.In some ways，your an make you excellent，happy and confident.
80.It's known that failure is the mother of .
【答案与解析】
一 项 研 究 表 明 ，自 信 的 人 更 快 乐 ．他 们 有 更 多 的 机 会 让 自 己 成 功 ．但 是 如 何
变 得 自 信 呢 ？ 下 面 是 一 些 建 议 ．
（ 76） （ much） happier/（ much） more successful． 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据
A study shows that the people who are more confident are mu
ch happier． They can have
more chances to make themselves successful． 可 知 ， 一 项 研 究 表 明 ，
自 信 的 人 更 快 乐 ．他们 有 更 多 的 机 会 让 自 己 成 功 ．由此 可 以 推 测 ，一项 研 究 表 明 ，
如 果 你 更 自 信 ， 你 会 更 快 乐 或 者 更 成 功 ． ． 故 答 案 为 ： （ much） happier/
（ much） more successful．
（ 77）speak loudly/speak loud enough /speak louder．细 节 理 解 题 ．根
据 Try to speak loud enough so that people can understand you clearly．
21
可 知 ， 尽 量 大 声 说 话 ， 让 别 人 能 清 楚 地 理 解 你 ． 由 此 可 以 推 测 ， 为 了 让 人 们 听
清 楚 你 说 的 话 ， 你 应 该 大 声 说 话 ． 故 答 案 为 ：
speak loudly/speak loud enough /speak louder．
（ 78） praise 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 Give yourself praise for the good things
you've done． 可 知 ， 对 你 自 己 所 做 的 好 事 要 表 扬 自 己 ． 由 此 可 以 推 测 ， 你 应 该
对 你 自 己 所 做 的 好 事 要 表 扬 自 己 ． 故 答 案 为 ： praise．
（ 79） hobby /hobbies 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 In some ways， a hobby can make you
excellent． And it will make you happy and confident． 可知 ， 在某 些 方 面 ，
业 余 爱 好 可 以 让 你 变 得 优 秀 ．而 且 它 会 让 你 快 乐 和 自 信 ．由 此 可 以 推 测 ，业 余 爱
好 可 以 让 你 变 得 优 秀 ， 你 快 乐 和 自 信 ． 故 答 案 为 ： hobby /hobbies．
（ 80） success 推 理 判 断 题 ． 根 据 Don't hide your head just because you said
something stupid last time． Try to start again and believe you can do
better． 可 知 ， 不 要 因 为 上 次 说 了 一 些 愚 蠢 的 话 而 隐 藏 你 的 头 脑 ． 试 着 重 新 开
始 ， 相 信 你 能 做 得 更 好 ． 由 此 可 以 推 测 ， 故 答 案 为 ： success．
11.(2019 赤峰市)
根据短文内容，完成空格，每空一词。请将正确答案填写在答题卡指定的横线上。
NAO is a 58cm- tall robot. He is small, cute and round. You can' t help but
love him! NAO is
created to be a friendly partner around the house. He moves, recognizes(识别) you.
bears you and
even talk to you.
Since his birth in 2006, he has been better and better at pleasing, understanding
and loving you.
Maybe one day he will become your friend. His cute look and wonderful communication
skills make him really lovely and popular.
He can be a good helper. Ask him to do something and he does. For example, ask
NAO to wake
you up in the morning, to watch your home during the day or to teach you new things
whenever you want. You no longer need a keyboard, a computer or a mouse to communicate
with technology. All you have to do is to talk to him.
22
He can be a sweet family member. He can learn to read your moods, so that he
always knows the
right thing to say. He can recognize your family members and call them by their first
names. You can
teach him how to choose the music, food and film you like best.
【答案与解析】
（71）height．细节理解题．根据 NAO is a 58cm-tall robot．NAO 是一个 58 厘
米高的机器人．可知是身高 58 厘米．故答案是 height．
（72）years．细节理解题．根据 Since his birth in 2006 自 2006 年出生以来，
今年 2019 年，可知他 13 岁了．故答案是 years．
（ 73 ） communication ． 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 His cute lok and wonderful
communication skills make him really lovely and popular．他可爱的外表和
出 色 的 沟 通 技 巧 使 他 非 常 可 爱 和 受 欢 迎 ． 可 知 是 交 流 技 能 ， 故 答 案 是
communication．
（74）when．细节理解题．根据 to teach you new things whenever you want．随
时随地教你新东西． whenever =no matter when．故答案是 when．
（ 75 ） favorite ． 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 You can teach him how to choose the
music， food and film you like best．你可以教他如何选择你最喜欢的音乐、
食物和电影．like best =favorite．故答案是 favorite．
12.(2019 赤峰市)
根揖短文内容回答问题。请将正确答案填写在答题卡指定的位置上。
23
One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy（发霉的）food. But before you
can throw it
away，your mother stops you. She doesn' t want to waste food. She cuts off the moldy
pan and eats the rest. Is it safe to do this?
Mold（霉菌）can grow on almost all kinds of food. Mold is usually green, white,
black or gray.
Mold makes food ®oft and changes it’s color. Moldy food tastes quite bad—and it's
not safe to eat.
If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Bread, tomatoes and hot dogs
are soft food. This
kind of food allows mold to easily grow below its surface.
But it's easy to remove mold from hard food. The mold can't grow very deeply
inside this kind of
food. According to the BBC, you should cut about 2.5 cm around and below the mold
and remove it.
It' s OK to cut the moldy parts out of hard food and eat the rest. But if the
food is completely covered with mold, you should still throw it away.
Most kinds of mold are bad for us. But some kinds of mold can be used to make
food. For example, peniciliium （青霉菌）can be used to make many types of cheeses,
such as blue cheese. These cheeses are safe to eat and they' re quite delicious as
well：
76. What color is mold?
77. How does moldy food taste?
78. How should you deal with the soft food when you find mold in it?
79. Is it easy or difficult to remove mold from hard food?
80. What can some kinds of mold be used to do?
【答案与解析】
（76）Green ， white ， black or gray ． 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 第 二 段
Mold is usually green， white，
black or gray．霉菌通常是绿色的，白色的，黑色的或灰色的可知．故答案
为：Green， white，
black or gray．
24
（77）Quite bad．细节理解题．根据第二段 Moldy food tastes quite bad
发霉的食物尝起来很糟糕．故答案为： Quite bad．
（ 78 ） Just throw it away ． 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 第 三 段
If you find mold in soft food， just throw
it away ． 如 果 你 发 现 软 的 食 物 上 面 有 霉 菌 ， 就 扔 掉 吧 可 知 ． 故 答 案 为 ：
Just throw it away．
（ 79 ） Yes ， it is easy ． 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 第 四 段
But it's easy to remove mold from hard food． 但 是 很 容 易 除 掉 除 掉
硬食物上的霉菌．故答案为：Yes，it is easy．
（ 80 ） To make food ． 细 节 理 解 题 ． 根 据 第 五 段
But some kinds of mold can be used to make food．
但是有些霉菌能用来制作食物可知．故答案为：To make food．
13.(2019 广东)
请阅读一篇有关 2019 洲文明对话大会之亚美食节广州站(The Asian Cuisine Festival
Guangzhou)的短文,根据所提供的信息完成信息卡,把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。
Information Card
The purpose of the Asian Cuisine Festival
Guangzhou
81.
The number of the top restaurants on the visit 82.
The thing that the hand-painted picture was 83.
25
about
They way to make traditional food in this
festival
84.
The things that Guangzhou is well-known for 85.
【答案与解析】
81．Encouraging/To encourage communication among Asian countries.
解析：由第一段最后一句可知答案。
82．24/Twenty-four.
解析：由第二段第二句可知答案。
83. The cuisine choices along the Pearl River.
解析：由第三段第三句可知答案。
84. By using modern technology.
解析：由第三段第四句可知答案。
85. Rich food and culture
解析：由最后一段第二句可知答案。
15. (2019 哈尔滨市)
Leonardo da Vinci(莱奥纳多·达芬奇) was a famous artist who was born in Italy.
He was also a great inventor. Many of his inventions have become important in modern
life. Although Leonardo hated war. he invented many different machines used for war.
His most special invention was the machine gun, which was produced and used in war.
Besides , Leonardo spent days thinking about how to save time. He developed ideas
for something like cutting machines.
Leonardo was a strange man. He never ate meat. That was very unusual in those
times(时代). He never published(发表) scientific discoveries. He usually used
mirror writing, which looks like usual writing in a mirror, starting from the right
side of the page and moving to the left side。
Only a few of his paintings are left today. Many paintings were not finished
because he thought they were not perfect。
Leonardo was talented and creative. He was regarded as one of the most
intelligent men in the world.
26
Leonardo da Vinci
His status(身份) Not only an artist but also an __76__
His inventions and ideas •The machine __77__
•Ideas for something like machines used to __78__
His strange behaviors •He never ate meat.
•He never published discoveries connected with __79__
•He used mirror writing
__80__ only a few of his paintings are
left today
Because many paintings were not finished
任务 1:阅读短文(A),用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空,使文章通顺、连贯、合理。(每
空只能填一个单词或一个短语,每个单词或短语限用一次)
61. ____ 62. ____ 63. ____ 64. ____ 65. ___ 66. ____ 67. ____
68. ____
任务 2:阅读短文(B),根据英文释义及首字母提示拼写单词。
69. e____ as many or as much as necessary
70. l____ to produce eggs from the bodies of birds, insects and so on
任务 3:阅读短文(B),完成同义句转换,每空一词。
Dinosaurs’ babies also came from eggs.
Dinosaurs’ babies came from eggs 71. ____ 72. ____.
任务 4:根据短文(B)内容回答问题。
When did dinosaurs suddenly disappear?
73. __________________________________________.
What decides the sex of the baby crocodile?
74. __________________________________________.
Are the baby crocodiles only boys when it’s 35℃?
75. __________________________________________.
【答案与解析】
69. enough
解析：由单词释义可以确定为形容词 enough(足够的)。
70. lay
解析：由单词释义可以确定为动词 lay(下蛋)。
71—72 as well
27
解析：also 和 as well 都意为“也”，also 位于句中，as well 位于句末。
73. Millions of years ago./They suddenly disappeared millions of years ago.
解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。
74. The local temperature./The local temperature decides the
sex of the baby crocodile.
解析：由第三段第二句可知答案。
75. Yes./Yes, they are.
由第三段中的“when it is 34℃ to 36℃, only boys are born”可知答案。
任务 5:根据短文(C)内容完成表格,每空一词。
76. ____ 77. ____ 78. ____ 79. ____ 80. ____
答案：76. inventor 解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。
77. gun 解析：由第一段第四、五句可知答案。
78. cut 解析：由第一段最后一句可知答案。
79. science 解析：由第二段第二句可推知，他从不发表与科学相关的东西。scientific
discoveries 属于 science 范畴。
80. Why 解析：根据答语“Because many paintings were not finished”可推知，此处是
对原因进行提问，且位于句首，故用 why。
16.(2019湖南湘西州)
根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺信息，每空不超过三个单词，
Mo Yan，Nobel Prize winner in literature（文学）in 2012，believes his success
comes from a large amount of reading.
Mo was born into a farming family in a village in Shandong Province.Mo left
school at the age of 12 and started to work in the fields.Mo was tired after his
daily hard work，but he was always hungry for books.However，there were very few
books in the village，he never gave C919 carries passengers by 2020.
What's more, China is working on the new high-speed trains with the highest
speed of 400km/h. It will be ready by 2020. Many countries,
especially the ones in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle
East and Eastern Europe, are planning to build high-speed rail
28
lines or to improve their railways with the help of China.
China has made great progress in both science and technology.And it makes a
great contribution（贡献）to humans，too.All of these are changing the daily life
of Chinese people，even of the people around the world.
81.When did the C919 take off successfully for the first time？
82.How long has it taken the scientists and researchers to make the C919？
83.How many companies have already ordered 570 C919 planes from China？
84.Are many countries planning to improve their railways with the help of China？
85.What fields has China made great progress in according to the passage？
【答案与解析】
1．On May 5th，2017． 细节理解题，根据第一段第一句On May 5th，2017， at Shanghai
Pudong International Airport ，China's first large homemade jet airliner ，the
C919， took off successfully for the first time，可知2017年5月5日，在上海浦东国际机
场，中国第一架国产大型客机C919首次成功起飞． 故答案为 On May 5th，2017．
2．Ten years．细节理解题，根据第一段第二句
It has taken about ten years for the scientists and researchers to
make this Chinese dream come true，可知科学家和研究人员花了大约十年的时间才
实现这个中国梦．故答案为 Ten years．
3 ． More than 23 companies ． 细 节 理 解 题 ， 根 据 第 一 段 第 三 句 So far ，
more than 23 companies have
already ordered 570 C919 planes from China，可知到目前为止，已有超过23家公
司从中国订购了570架C919飞机．故答案为 More than 23 companies．
4．Yes，they are 细节理解题，根据第二段第三句
Many countries ， especially the ones in Central Asia ，
Southeast Asia ， the Middle East and Eastern Europe ，
are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their ra
ilways with the help of China，可知许多国家，特别是中亚、东南亚、中东和东欧
国家，正计划在中国的帮助下修建高速铁路或改善其铁路． 故答案为 Yes， they are．
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5． Both science and technology． 细节理解
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