六年级下英语小升初语法点(总结及练习)

1 小升初英语语法总结及练习 小升初语法名词 ...............................................................................................................................2 名词练习题 ...............................................................................................................................3 能力测试卷 （名词） .............................................................................................................4 小升初语法代词 ...............................................................................................................................5 代词练习题 ...............................................................................................................................7 能力测试卷 （代词） .............................................................................................................8 小升初语法数词和冠词 ...................................................................................................................9 冠词和数词专项练习 .............................................................................................................11 能力测试卷（冠词和数词） .................................................................................................12 小升初语法形容词和副词 .............................................................................................................13 形容词副词专项练习（形容词和副词） .............................................................................14 小升初语法介词 .............................................................................................................................16 介词专项练习（介词） .........................................................................................................18 小升初语法动词 .............................................................................................................................20 动词练习题 .............................................................................................................................21 能力测试题（动词） .............................................................................................................22 小升初语法一般将来时 .................................................................................................................23 一般将来时练习题 .................................................................................................................24 能力测试题（一般将来时） .................................................................................................25 小升初语法一般过去时 .................................................................................................................26 一般过去时练习题 .................................................................................................................27 能力测试（一般过去时） .....................................................................................................28 小升初语法一般现在时态 .............................................................................................................29 一、一般现在时的定义 .................................................................................................................29 二、一般现在时的结构 .................................................................................................................29 一般现在时态专项练习 .........................................................................................................31 能力测试卷 （一般现在时） ...............................................................................................32 小升初语法现在进行时态 .............................................................................................................33 能力测试卷（现在进行时态） .............................................................................................37 小升初语法句型之肯定句和否定句 .............................................................................................38 疑问句专项练习 .....................................................................................................................41 小升初语法句型之祈使句 .............................................................................................................42 小升初语法句型 there be 与 have\has 句型 .................................................................................44 句型专项练习题 .....................................................................................................................45 小学阶段不规则动词全表 .............................................................................................................51 动词四种形式变化规则汇总表 .....................................................................................................522 小升初语法名词 一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2 ． 以 s. x. sh. ch 结 尾 ， 加 -es ， 如 ： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加 s，如：boy - boys ，day - days 4. 以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.以 o 结尾的单词：a, 有生命的+es b, 无生命+s 如：potato--potatoes ； hero--heroes；mango--mangoes photo--photos ; radio -- radios ; video -- videos 6. 不规则名词复数： man-men woman-women policeman-policemen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese deer - deer sheep-sheep policewoman-policewomen 二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如: This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾 s ,则仅加一个’ . 如: the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室 the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒 3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以 s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。 如： the children’s palace 少年宫 men’s room 男厕所 *名词所有格口诀： 名词所有格，s 前面加一撇’，复数 s 放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个， 后面只加一个撇。3 名词练习题 一、 写出下列名词的复数形式 1.computer ____________ 2.apple ____________ 3.city ______________ 4.house _____________ 5.sheep _____________ 6.watch ______________ 7.tomato _____________ 8.child _____________ 9.tooth ________ 10.foot ______________ 11.wife _____________ 12.potato ____________ 13.play _____________ 14.day ____________ 15.glass ______________ 16.radio ______________ 17.zoo ______________ 18. life ______________ 19. story _____________ 20.leaf _____________ 21. baby _____________ 22.dress _____________ 23.butterfly _____________ 24. deer _____________ 25.class _____________ 26.brush _____________ 27.key _____________ 28. English ____________29.mouse ____________ 30. man _____________ 二、汉译英 1．Tom 的足球 _________________ 2. 老师们的自行车_________________ 3．学生们的课桌 _________________ 4.哥哥的文具盒_________________ 5．姑姑的卡片 _________________ 6.猴子们的香蕉_________________ 7．蚂蚁们的早餐 _________________ 8.妈妈的包_________________ 9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________ 10 女孩们的苹果_________________ 三、把下列句子翻译成英文 1．这些是 Peter 的篮球吗？ ________________________________________ 2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？ ___________________________________________ 3．有一些书在 Sam 的课桌上。________________________________________ 4．有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________ 四、改错 （圈出错处,在横线上改正过来） 1.There are some butterflys on the table. ________________________ 2.This is Alice dress. ______________________ 3.I like tomato very much. __________________ 五、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1．This dog is brown. ___________________________________________________ 2. There is a book and a pen on the table. ___________________________________________________ 3.That woman is a teacher. ___________________________________________________4 能力测试卷 （名词） 一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。 1. plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3. knife life leaf Wife thief 4. day boy monkey baby country story 5. photo radio piano tomato hero 6. child tooth man Sheep English Chinese 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ √ ” 1．The house is my brother. ________________________ 2. He has visited many country. ______________________ 3. They are Englishs. ______________________________ 4. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________ 三、选择填空 1．There are two ______ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have ___________ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore. A. Children’s books B. Children books 4. Some friends of _________ will come here. A. John’s B. John 5. Can you give me ______________? A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are ______________ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1．This sheep is white __________________________________ 2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._____________________________ 3.That man is a doctor. ________________________________5 小升初语法代词 一、人称代词 人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词， 它的人称、数和格的变化见下表： 数 人称 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me 第二人称 you you 单数 第三人称 he she it him her it 第一人称 We us 第二人称 you you 复数 第三人称 they them 主格与宾格： 人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作 宾语。 人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。 人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。I saw her yesterday.我昨天看到她了。 二、物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 类别 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 形容词性 my our your your his,her,its their 名词性 mine our yours yours his,hers,its theirs 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣? It’s hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat *关于物主代词的口诀： 物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“.....的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误， my your his her its our their 不放过。 形容词性是基础，除了我的 “mine”外，其他词尾“s”性 形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。6 三、反身代词 反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“**自己”。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself, herself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。 *反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀： 反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves 替-f 四、指示代词 This (这个)------- these (这些) 指近处的事物 That (那个)------- these (那些) 指远处的事物 例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。 That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。7 代词练习题 一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Mary is a friend of ______________. ( I ) 2. This is ________ ( she ) ruler. ________ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _________ ( he ) 4. This is _________ ( I ) book. This book is _________ ( I ). 5. These pens are _________ ( we ). 二、填写下列表格。 人称代词 我 我们 你，你们 他 她 它 他们 主 格 宾 格 形容词物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 三、改写下列句子 Eg, This is my book. ------ The book is mine. 1. That is her ruler. ____________________________________ 2. These are their footballs. _____________________________________ 3. This is my backpack . _____________________________________ 4. Those are your boxes. _____________________________________ 四、把下列句子改写成复数。 1. This is a butterfly. ______________________________________ 2. That is a bus. ______________________________________ 3. It is a mouse. ______________________________________ 五、改错。 1.This is mine lamp. ______________________________________ 2.These are ours books. _______________________________________ 3. That are their teacher. ______________________________________ 4.The house is my brother. _______________________________________ 5. He has visited many country. _______________________________________ 6. They are Chineses. _______________________________________ 7. This is Tom red bike. _______________________________________8 能力测试卷 （代词） 一、 帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线） I 她 its 我们 her 他（她，它）们 we 我 they 你的 their 他（她，它）们 your 她的 she 它的 二、填空 1．She’s a teacher . This is _________ bag. 2. He’s a driver. This is ___________ taxi. 3. I am a boy . __________ name is Peter. 4. --What’s __________ name? -- My name is Tony. 5. It’s my puppy. ______ name is Mimi. 三、选择 ( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _________. A. him B. he C. his D. she ( ) 2. _____ book is it ? It’s ________. A. Whose…her B. Whose… hers C. Who…hers D. Whom… her ( ) 3. He is a friend of ________. A. our B. us C. my D. mine 四、改错 1. I, you and he are all teachers. ______________________________________________________ 2. This is mine teddy bear. ______________________________________________________ 3. These are ours bags. ______________________________________________________ 4. These is their teachers.9 小升初语法数词和冠词 一、数词 表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序 数词表示顺序。 1． 最基本的基数词如下表所示： 1~10 11~19 20~100 1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty 2 two 12 twelve 30 thirty 3 three 13 thirteen 40 forty 4 four 14 fourteen 50 fifty 5 five 15 fifteen 60 sixty 6 six 16 sixteen 70 seventy 7 seven 17 seventeen 80 eighty 8 eight 18 eighteen 90 ninety 9 nine 19 nineteen 100 one hundred 10 ten *基数词的写法 ：21~99 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。 例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上 and。 例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight 2．序数词的构成 1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾 th 构成。例， four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例， one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth 3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词 y 变成 i，然后在加 eth.例， twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth 1）两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例， twenty –one ------ twenty- first thirty-five ------thirty-fifth10 a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀： 基变序，有规律；词尾加上 th（fourth, sixth） 一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母 t, d, d；（first，second，third） 八去 t,九去 e,（eighth，ninth）；ve 要用 f 替；（fifth，twelfth） 整十基数变序数，ty 将 y 变成 i ; th 前面有个 e； 要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。 二、冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a 或 an 是不定冠词，the 是定冠词。a 用在 辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book. 1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。 She is a teacher. That’s an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知 道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。 This is a bus. The bus is big. 3. 不用冠词的情况： 1）专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim 等。 2）名词前已经有 this, that, my, your 等词时，就不再用冠词了。如， that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上学 *定冠词 the 的用法记忆口诀： 特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾； 海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山； 方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关； 船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊； 姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠 the 加在前。 *零冠词用法口诀： 月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前； 三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。11 冠词和数词专项练习 一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。 1) at ____home 2) go to_____ bed 3) go to _____school 4) catch ____ bad cold 5) have _____ good time 6) ______red apple 7)_____ English book 8) ______ spoon 9)_____ orange 10) ______melon 11) _______ eraser 二、选择填空 1.There is _____ “m” in the word “primary” A. an B.a C.the D./ 2.This is ____ orange bike . A.a B.an C.the D/ 3.It always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is ____ useful language in ____ world . A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _____ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.He’s standing on _____ other side of _____ river . A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._____ potato is a vegetable , not ____ fruit . A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _____ first to come . A.The B.a C.the D./ 9.Do you see ____ book on _____ table ? A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Where’s _____ desk ? It’s in ____ middle of the room . A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _____ friend of mine . A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is ____ university near the farm . A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in ____ autumn of 1989 . A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have ____ book . I t’ s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much . A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _____ Children’s Day . A.a B.an C.the D/ 四、用代词填空: 1._____ , _____ and ____ are all good friends . A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2.____ classroom is big , but ____ is much bigger than _____ . A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost ____ pen . Will you lend her ____ ? A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _____ in the mirror ?” A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 12 能力测试卷（冠词和数词） 一、 写出相邻的数词 1. twenty 2. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy 7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one thousand 10. one 二、选择正确答案 1.There are days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2.There are students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.My brother is in . A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4.He was doing some washing . A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 5.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6.Sunday is the day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7.Autumn is season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.Tom was to get to school and I was . A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth 9.What’s the date today? It’s . A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th 10.Monday is the second day, and . A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday13 小升初语法形容词和副词 A、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般 带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代 词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。 2．形容词加 er 的规则： ⑴一般在词尾加 er ； ⑵以字母 e 结尾，加 r ； ⑶以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除 ow 结尾)，应双写末尾的辅音 字母，再加 er ； ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把 y 变 i，再加 er 。 (5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加 more 如：beautiful-more beautiful 3．不规则形容词比较级： good-better B、副词的比较级 1．形容词与副词的区别 (有 be 用形，有形用 be；有动用副，有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther) ☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…. 如： Lily ran as slow as an old woman.(莉莉跑得像老太太一样慢) They picked as many apples as the farmers.(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多) ☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…. 如： Lily did not run as slow as an old woman. (莉莉跑得不像老太太那样慢) They didn’t pick as many apples as the farmers. (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)14 形容词和副词专项练习 一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old____________ young____________ tall___________ long____________ short____________ strong____________ big____________ small___________ fat_____________ thin______________ heavy__________ light___________ nice_____________ good_____________ beautiful______________________ low______________ high_____________ slow___________ fast_____________ late______________ early_____________ far___ __________ well_________ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式： 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary's hair is as __________(long) as Lucy's. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn't______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三、翻译句子： 1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你。 ________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are 2、谁比 David 更强壮？是 Gao Shan. ________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。 _________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ ___________. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.15 6、他和他的朋友 Jim 一样年轻。 He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。 ________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him. 8.Yang Ling 每天睡得比 SuYang 晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和 Mike 一样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike. 10.Tom 比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 ____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____. 11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 ________ more exercise,you'll ________ _________ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don't _________ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。 ____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_____ _____ up _____than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 ____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn't ____ _____ in PE. But I don't ______ _____than_____. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。 ___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me. 19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_____ _____ ______than my ______. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 _____sweater_____ as_______as_____. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。 My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one. 22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .16 小升初语法介词 1、介词的主要用法： 介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的 其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构 成的短语介词,如：out of(从…中出来), away from(距离…), next to(在…隔壁), in front of(在…前方)等。 2、介词的分类表： (见下表) 地点(位置、范围)介词： after 在…后面, at 在…处, before 在...前, behind 在...后, beside 在...旁边, between 在...之间, from 来自..., in 在...里面, near 靠近..., on 在...上面, outside 在....外面, under 在...下方, in front of 在...前, in the middle of 在...的中间, at the back of 在...的后部,等等。 方向(目标趋向)介词： along 沿着..., around 绕着..., at 朝着..., down 向…下, for 向..., from 从/离..., in 进入..., into 进入..., near 接近..., off 脱离/除..., out of 向...外, outside 向....外, to 向/朝..., up 向...上, away from 远离... 时间介词：about 大约..., after 在…以后, at 在… (时刻), before 在…以前, for 有… (之久), from 从…(时)起, in 在(上/下午); on 在(某日), past 过了…(时), to 到(下一时 刻), 方式介词：as 作为/当作..., by 用/由/乘坐/被..., in 用…(语言), like 与…一样, on 骑(车)/徒(步), with 用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), 涉及介词: about 关于..., in 在…(方面), of…的,有关..., to 对…而言, with 就…而言 其它介词: 【目的介词】 for 为了..., to 为了… 【比较介词】 as 与…一样,like 象…一样,than 比...,to 与…相比少, 【伴随/状态介词】 at 在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in 穿着…(衣服/颜色), on 在(值日), with 与…一起,有/带着/长着... 3、介词短语的句法作用： 介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来)/The woman is from the countryside.( 定 )( 头 上 戴 花 的 妇 女 来 自 乡 下 )/The teacher is now with the students.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起) 4、介词短语在句子中的位置： 介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/ 伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后； 介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room 17 for the thief.( 他们在房间里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.( 表语)( 信是给你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿 的猫了吗？) 5、重要注释： ⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each 等词构成的时间短语,前面不用 任何介词。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外 的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒) ⑵ 记住一些固定词组： on foot(步行), at night(在晚上), play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看), with one’s help(在…的帮助下),look after(照料…),look for(寻 找…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…)等等。 6、某些介词的用法辨析： ⑴ 时间或地点介词 in、on、at 的用法区别：表示时间时, in 表示在一段时间里(在 将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on 表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at 表示在某个时刻或者瞬间； 表示地点时, in 表示在某个范围之内, on 表示在某个 平面上或与一个面相接触,at 则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就 架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院) ⑵ after 与 in 表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后” 常用于一般时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来) ⑶ by、in 与 with 表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是 by 主要表 示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”, in 表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with 表 示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我 们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写 那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) ⑸ in front of 与 in the front of： in front of“在…的前面”, 与 in the front of“在… 的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台) 18 介词专项练习 用适当的介词填空: 1. Tom is the boy _______ glasses. 2. Please read some books ________ Chinese medicine. 3. She works in the day and has a rest ______ night. 4. My uncle works _______ a farm. 5. Mr Black and Yang Ling are talking _________ a party. 6. She wants _____ buy a sweater ______ her daughter. 7. It’s a map ____ China. 8. Let’s have a look _____ the picture. 9. What’s that _____ Chinese? 10. I’m _____ Class One. 11. There is a clock ______ the wall ______ the classroom. 12. Can you see an apple _______ the tree? No, But I can see a bird _______ the tree. 13. There is a purse ______ here. 14. There is a boat ______ the lake. 15. There are many kites ____ the sky. 16. What clothes is she wearing? She is _______ red. 17. Can you see the boy _______ the bike? 18. The woman ______ a yellow dress is my mother. 19. Who can you see ______ the picture? 20. Who’s the man __________ your mother and father? 21. Gao Shan gets up ______ 6:00 _______ the morning. 22. We don’t have classes _______ Sunday morning. 23. What do you often do ______ Saturday? 24. Can you help me ______ my maths? 25. What’s wrong ______ you? 26. Who’s _____ duty? 27. It’s time _____ supper. 28. She can’t find the way. So she asks the policeman _____ help. 29. A man ______ Shanghai goes to the park _______ his daughter. 30. Your socks are _____ the desk. Put them away. You must look _______ your things. 31. My sister is drawing a picture ________ crayons. 32. I’m thirsty. What _____ you? 33. What would you like _______ breakfast? 34. He is American. He is _______ the USA.19 35. He is _______ home. He isn’t ______ school. 36. The lunch ______ our school is good. 37. He is playing _______ a you-you. 38. I am good _____ running. Tom does well _____ jumping. 39. The girls play cards _______ class. 40. Take ______ the old coat. Put ______ the new one. 41. I’m looking _____ my dog. I can’t find it. 42. They are talking ______ Mr. Green. They are talk ______ the film. 43. The cat is running _______ the mouse. 44. Peter looks ______ his father. 45. He is learning French _________ the tape. 46. Frenchmen come ________ France. 47. Please write _____ me soon. 48. Jack goes to school ______ foot. Jim goes to school ______ bike. 49. The farm is not far ________ his home. 50. Don’t be late ______ school. 51. She’s ill. She stays ______ bed all day. 52. There are a lot of people ________ Red Apple Hotel. 53. The supermarket is open _______ 9:00 a.m. ________ 9:00 p.m.. 54. They are getting ______ the bus. 55. We are playing football ________ the playground. 56. _______ weekends, when do you get up? 57. The bookshop is not _____ Shanghai Street, it is ________ Beijing Road. 58. Don’t laugh _____ anyone. 59. He looks ________, there is no one nearby. 60. The thief is running ________ ______ the shop. 61. The hospital is 5 kilometers _______ ________ the shopping center. 62. Class One is _______ _______ Class Two. 63. There is a river _____ ______ _____ my house. 64. They are walking ______ the lake.20 小升初语法动词 定义：动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。 动词可分为以下四类 分类 例子 否定形式 实义动词 run, look, cook, eat.... don’t +动词原形 doesn’t + 动词原形 系动词 be 动词（am, is ,are,was,were） be + not 助动词 do / does / did 用于一般疑问句和否定句 情态动词 can，will, should ,could ,may... 直接加 not 变否定 　　 1) 动词的基本形式： 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在 分词、过去式和过去分词。（小学阶段主要见四种形式） 原形 中文 三单 现在分词 过去式 go 去，走 goes going went eat 吃 eats eating ate have 有，吃 has having had cook 煮，做 cooks cooking cooked 等等21 动词练习题 一．写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。 如：look - looks - looking- looked drink_______ ________ _________ stay ________ ________ ________ make ________ ________ _______ teach________ ________ ________ ride ________ ________ ________ have________ ________ ________ pass________ ________ _________ carry _______ ________ ________ come________ ________ ________ watch_______ ________ ________ plant________ _________ _______ fly_______ ________ ___________ study________ ________ ________ brush________ ________ ________ read_________ ________ ________ run ________ ________ _________ write________ ________ ________ swim________ ________ ________ get_________ ________ _________ say________ ________ _________ take _______ ________ _________ see________ ________ _________ begin________ ________ ________ dance_______ ________ ________ 二.用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse. 2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day? 3. I like __________( make) kites. 4. He can________ (skate) better than ME. 5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class. 6. They enjoy________(play) basketball. 7. She wants________(watch) cartoons. 三，选择题 1. _________Alice often play the piano. No, she __________. A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Does; doesn’t 2. Danny _______ breakfast five times last week. A. ate B. eat C. eated 3. I’m going to ________ some chopsticks ________ Sunday afternoon. A. bought; on B. buy; on C. buy; in 4. Is he _________ TV？Yes, he is. A. watch B. watching C. not 5. Sandy often ________ his homework on Sundays . A. do B. does C. did 6. What do you usually do on your holiday? A. Sing and dance B. Saw elephants C.Took picture 7. It’s 10 o’clock. Ben ___ TV in the bedroom. A. is watching B. watch C. watches 8. I can’t find my pen. Let me _______. A. go and ask her B. go and ask hers C. go and ask she 9. Lily is a good student. She ___maths. A. does good at B. well do it C. is good at22 能力测试题（动词） 一. 用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________. 2.They __________ in the classroom． 3.Where __________ my books﹖ 4.These ___________her pears. 5.How much _________the T-shirt? 6.How much __________ the socks? 7.Someone __________ in the room. 8.You can _________ in our school music club. 9.Let's ___________friends. 10.He and I _________friends. 二．划出每句中正确的词 1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa? 2.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock? 3.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie? 4.(Is/Can)she play the violin? 5.Why does Alice (likes/like)music? 6.Who (am/is) your father? 7.(What/What's) her favorite subject? 8.How much (are/is) her socks? 9. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday. 10. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month. 三，选择题。 1. What did he ________ yesterday? He ________ his homework. A. did; did B. do; did C. do; do 2. I ________ visit my friends this weekend. A. go to B. am going to C. going to 3. Last summer. I ________ in the lake and played on the beach. A. swim B. swam C. will swim 4. Tom and Mike _______ very excited, they will take a trip. A. is B. are C. am 5. I’m going to_______ homework tomorrow. A. does B. do C. did 6. Look! The kite _______ in the sky. A. fly B. flies C. is flying 7. We _________ a play tomorrow. Will you please join us? A. are going to see B. saw C. sees 8. Summer _________ spring. A. comes after B. comes in C.comes before 9. Listen! The birds ________. A. is singing B. are sing C. are singing 23 小升初语法一般将来时 定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 一般将来时的基本结构：①be going to + do；②will+ do. 一般将来时常用的时间词：tomorrow, next week , the day after tomorrow 等 例句： 1，我将要和朋友一起去游泳。 I am going to go swimming with my friends. --(否定) I am not going to go swimming with my friends. I will go swimming with my friends. --(否定) I will not go swimming with my friends. 2, 你将要和朋友一起去游泳吗？ Are you going to go swimming with your friends ? --> Yes, I am ;No , I’m not. Will you go swimming with your friends ? --> Yes, I will./ No ,I won’t 注意：be going to 和 will 后面都是加动词原型。 例如： I am going to swimming tomorrow.( x ) I will going swimming tomorrow .( x ) I am going to go swimming tomorrow.(√) I will go swimming tomorrow.(√) 24 　一般将来时练习题 　 一. 填空。 　　1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 　　I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. 　　I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 　　2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我将去打篮球。 What _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ next Monday? -->I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 　　3.你们打算什么时候见面。 　　What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 　 二. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 　1.Today is a sunny day. We___________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 　2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 　3.Tom often______________(go) to school on foot. 　But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 4.What do you usually do on weekends? --> I usually ________ (watch) TV and _________(catch) insects? 　5.It's Friday today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend? 　-->She ___________ (watch) TV and __________ (catch) insects. 　6. What ______ you______ (do) next Sunday? I _______ (milk) cows. 　7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 　8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 　9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now 三．按要求变化句子。 1．Lucy is going to collect stamps with us.(特殊疑问句) _________________________________________________________ 2. It will be fine tomorrow.(否定句) ________________________________________________________ 3. They will have a holiday next week. (一般疑问句) _________________________________________________________ 4．His brother is going to be a doctor in the future.(特殊疑问句) _________________________________________________________ 25 能力测试题（一般将来时） 一．选择正确的选项。 （ ） 1. I ___ the housework tomorrow. A. do B. am doing C. am going to do （ ） 2. He often ___________ to school with his friend. A. go B. goes C. going （ ） 3. Will you ___ noodles for breakfast tomorrow morning? ->No, I won’t. A. have B. has C. having （ ） 4. Is she going to work? Yes, _____.A. she will. B. she is. C. she does. （ ） 5. Tomorrow is Sunday, we ___________ a picnic. A. have B. is having C. will have （ ） 6. Look, the girl ___________. A. dance B. is dancing C. will dance （ ） 7. My friends ___________ in the pool this afternoon. A. are going to swim B. will swims C. are swimming （ ） 8. We are going to ___________. A. skate B. go skate C. going skating （ ） 9. Tom and Jimmy ___________ together tonight. A. are going to play B. is going to play C. am going to play （ ） 10. The students usually ___________ books in the morning. A. reading B. read C. will read 二．根据问句选答语。 （ ）1. Are the children having sports now? A. Yes, I am. B. Yes, we are. C. Yes, they are. （ ）2. What are you going to do in the evening? A. I’m doing my homework. B. I will do my homework. C. They do housework. （ ）3. What would you like to have for dinner? A. I’d like some bread. B. I would like to have a drink. C. I will like to have dinner. （ ）4. When are you going to the library? A. Tomorrow morning. B. Today. C. Yesterday. （ ）5. Are you going to school tomorrow? A. No, I wasn’t. B. No, I’m not. C. Yes, we aren’t. 三．按要求变化句子。 1. John is going to see the animals there. (特殊疑问句) ________________________________________________________ 2. Li Ming is going to see the animals there. (特殊疑问句) ________________________________________________________ 3. Monday is the first day of the school holiday. (一般疑问句) ________________________________________________________26 4．They are going hiking tomorrow morning. (一般疑问) 小升初语法一般过去时 定义：过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 动词过去式结构： 内容 例词 直接加 ed work-worked ; plant -planted 以不发音的 e 结尾，直接加 d name -named, loved, liked 辅音字母+y 结尾，改 y 为 i，再加 ed study-studied , cried, worried, flied 重读闭音节，双写辅音，再加 ed Stopped, planned 不规则变化 go-went ; eat-ate ; have-had 过去的时间标志词：yesterday， day before yesterday, last week ... 时态结构： 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 其他 肯定句 否定句 I went swimming yesterday. I didn’t went swimming yesterday. I was at home last night. I wasn’t at home last night. She had a picnic last Sunday. She didn’t have a picnic last Sunday. We were good friends last year. We were not good friends last year. 肯定句 一般疑问句 I went swimming yesterday. Did you go swimming yesterday ? I was at home last night. Were you at home last night ? She had a picnic last Sunday. Did she have a picnic last Sunday? We were good friends last year. Were you good friends last year ? 特殊疑问句 What did you do yesterday ? Where were you yesterday ?27 一般过去时练习题 一，用 was 或者 were 完成以下内容。 主语 I you he she it we you they be 动词 1. I _______tired yesterday. 2. It _______ cold yesterday. 3.You _______ late yesterday. 4. He _______ sick at that time. 5. We_______ busy last time. 6. They_______ in their office yesterday. 二，写出下列单词的过去式： 1. look 2. live 3. stop 4. play 5. hope 6. trip 7. wash 8. want 9. watch 10. plan 11. clean 12. study 13. dance 14. cry 15. visit 三、选择题 ( )1． My father＿＿＿ill yesterday． A．isn't B．aren't C．wasn't D.weren't ( )2． ＿your parents at home last week﹖ A．Is B．Was C．Are D．Were ( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿here now． A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was ( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day ＿＿＿＿ yesterday(前天）﹖ A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after ( )5． ---—Who was on duty last Friday﹖ ---—＿＿＿＿＿＿． A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't ( ) 6. I cleaned my classroom ___________. A．with three hours B. three hours ago C. in three hours D .three hours before ( ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back ( ) 8. ---What did you do last Sunday? --- I ___ some shopping with my friends. A. Do B. did C. does D. doing ( ) 9. Laura ____ to school yesterday. A. doesn’t go B. didn’t goes C. doesn’t went D. didn’t go ( ) 10. I __ free last Sunday. A. am B. is C. was D. were ( ) 11. He ___ a book yesterday. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. buyed ( ) 12. I ___ a beautiful girl on the street yesterday afternoon. A. see B. sees C. saw D. seed ( ) 13. ___________? He did some reading at home. A. What does your father do yesterday evening B. What does your brother do in the school C. What did your brother do over the weekend D. Where did your brother go last Sunday28 ( ) 14. What did you do ________ ? I went to the movies. A. next morning B. over the weekend C. in the weekend D. next Monday 能力测试（一般过去时） 一．写出以下动词的过去式 look are visit make go wash buy row leave hope see read 　 cook have do get live come watch trip take study clean put sing hear stop say want cry call 二、填空题 1. My father ________ (read) a newspaper last night. 2. He ________ （eat) two eggs and some bread for breakfast this morning. 3. I ________ (sweep)my room yesterday afternoon. 4. They________ (play)basketball yesterday morning. 5. I _______ (make)a mistake in the class yesterday evening. 6. She _______ (get) up early this morning. 7. I ______ (clean) my bedroom yesterday evening. 8. Lucy _______(write) a story last night. 9. I ______ (do) my homework at seven o’clock yesterday evening. 10. My sister ______ (draw) a picture for me yesterday afternoon. 三， 单项选择。 ( ).1 She lived there before he ____to China. 　　A. came B. comes C. come D. coming ( ).2 I _____but _____ nothing. 　　A. was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard 　　C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of ( ).3 When did you ____here? 　　A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach ( ).4 I ____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening. 　　A.did B. would do C. was doing D. do ( ).5 -He went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______. 　A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did. II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago. 2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night. 3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now. 4 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday. 5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.29 6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year. 7 Did he____(have) lunch at home? 8 I _____(eat) the bread before I went to school. 小升初语法一般现在时态 一、一般现在时的定义 一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。 二、一般现在时的结构 一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。现在以连系动词 be 和行为动词 read 为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、 否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明： 动词 肯定句 否定句 I am … I am not … You/We/They are … You/We/They are not …be He/She/It is ... He/She/It is not … I/We/You/They read… I/We/You/They/ do not read …read He/She/It reads … He/She/It does not read … 动词 疑问句 简略答语（肯定） 简略答语（否定） Am I …? Yes , you are. No, you are not. Are you …? Yes, I am/we are. No, I am/we are not. Are we …? Yes, we/you are. No, we/ you are not. Are they …? Yes, they are. No, they are not. Is he…? Yes, he is. No, he is not. Is she …? Yes, she is. No, she is not. be Is it …? Yes, it is. No, it is not. Do I / we / they read …? Yes, you / we / they do. No, you / we / they do not.read Does he / she / it read … ? Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it does not.30 连系动词 be 的各种形式常与代词或 not 缩写成一个词。助动词 do，does 一般只有与 not 缩写。联系动词 be 缩写形式如下 肯定 缩写 否定 缩写 I am I’m I am not I’m not You are You’re You are not You’re not /You aren’t He is He’s He is not He’s not /He isn’t She is She’s She is not She’s not /She isn’t It is It’s It is not It’s not / It isn’t We are We’re We are not We’re not / We aren’t They are They’re They are not They’re not / They aren’t 动词 do not 的缩写形式为 don’t，does not 的缩写形式为 doesn’t。 二、 动词加-s 或-es （动词第三人称单数） 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es 1．一般在词尾加 –s 例：work—works leave --- leaves swim --- swims 2．以字母 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的词加-es 例：pass--- passes fix ---fixes teach --- teaches do--- does 3．以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i 再加-es 例：study --- studies carry --- carries fly --- flies cry --- cries 三、 一般现在时的用法 1．表 示 经 常 或 习 惯 性 的 动 作 。 常 与 often （ 经 常 ） , always （ 总 是 ） , sometimes（有时）, every day（每天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度 的时间状语连用。 一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year,…) , this year, once a week ( month, year,…) 一周 （月，年）一次 例句：I get up at 6 o’clock every day. He often goes to school by bike.31 2．表示客观事实，普遍真理。 例句：Two and two is four.二加二等于四。 The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时态专项练习 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式 post eat stop jump go like visit pass rise read ride have give write swim study watch fly teach do 二、单项选择 ( )1._____ you have a book ? A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have ( )2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV? ______________. A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesn’t. C. Yes, he’d like. D. No, he likes. ( )3.She doesn’t ______ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do ( )4.How ____ Mr. Smith ______ to England? A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes ( )5. _____ she ______ home at six every day? A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left 三、用下列动词的适当形式填空 1.I ______ ( get ) up at 6 o’clock every day. 2.My father ______ (have) a lovely dog. 3.He ______ (go ) to school on foot. 4.She ______ (do ) not like watching TV. 5.They ______ (play) football every Sunday afternoon. 四、按要求完成下列各题 1.Tomorrow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句) _________ ________ Saturday ? 2.Does he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答) Yes, ______ _______. 3.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句) _____ she ______ like her sister ? 4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句) ______ they _____ the same ? 5.Do they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ? (否定回答) No, _______ _______. 五、英汉互译 1. Tom 经常放学后（after school）踢足球。 __________________________________ 2. 我喜欢唱歌。 __________________________________ 3. He often goes to school on foot.32 __________________________________ 4. Children like to play this game. __________________________________ 5. 今天是星期日。 __________________________________ 能力测试卷 （一般现在时） 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式 go have swim study rise stop do ride cry go write fly play read come buy give watch work carry 二、用动词的适当形式填空 1. He _______ (go) to school on foot. 2. She _______ not like watching TV. (do) 3. My father _______ (have) a lovely dog. 4. I often ______ ( get ) up at six every morning. 5. My mother _______ ( work) in a school. 三、英汉互译 1. 他经常在周六的时候读英语。 _____________________________ 2. Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。 ______________________________ 3. Tom always plays football after school. ______________________________ 4．I get up at six o’clock every day.33 _______________________________ 5. The coat fits (适合) me very well. _______________________________ 小升初语法现在进行时态 一、 现在进行时的定义 现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。 二、 现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由“系动词（am，is，are） + 现在分词（动词加-ing 形式）” 构成。现在以动词 work 为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及 简略答语列表说明： 肯 定 句 否 定 句 I am working. I am not working. You are working. You are not working. He/She/It is working. He/She/It is not working. We/You/They are working. We/You/They are not working. 疑 问 句 简 略 答 语 Yes, you are.Am I working? No, you are not. Yes, we/ you are.Are we working? No, we/ you aren’t. Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, we are. Are you working? No, we are not. Yes, he/she/it is.Is he/she it working ? No, he/she/it is not.34 Yes, they are.Are they working? No, they are not. 三、 现在分词的构成 1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。 stay --- staying do --- doing listen --- listening 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加-ing。 make --- making ride --- riding give --- giving 3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。 put --- putting sit --- sitting run --- running 4. 以 ie 为重读音节结尾的单词，先去掉 e，把 i 变为 y，再加 –ing。 lie --- lying die --- dying 四、 现在进行时的用法 1. 表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now, at this moment, at present, these days (years), this term … 有时也与 look , listen 等 连用。 例句：Look, what are the monkeys eating? 看，那些猴子在吃什么？ 2. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。 例句：They are running and jumping all the time. 他们一直在跑啊跳啊。35 现在进行时态专项练习 一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式 stay __________ do __________ listen __________ suffer __________ refuse __________ close __________ operate _________ die _________ work ________ spend _________ look _________ make __________ put __________ sit __________ run __________ tie __________ take _________ give _________ ride _________ please _________ win _________ begin _________ open _________ lie _________ 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Mary and Lucy are ________ (dance) now. 2. Listen! Someone is _______ (play) the piano in the next room. 3. He is __________ (sweep) the floor at the moment. 4. Look ! The cat ________ ________ (eat) the fish on the table. 5. A: ______ you _______ (study) French ?B: Yes , I am. 6. She often ____________ (dance) after school. 7. My father and mother ______ ______ (swim) in the pond. 8. My sister is ________ (fly) a kite in the garden. 9. We are __________ (watch) TV now. 10. Be quiet ! The baby _____ ______ (sleep) now. 三、改错 1. We are cleanning our classroom. ______________________________ 2. She is sing in the next room. ______________________________ 3. What am you doing? ______________________________ 4. Mary is comeing back from Beijing.______________________________ 5. He often flying kites on Sundays. ______________________________36 6. They is reading books now. ______________________________ 7. My brother is plays the guitar now. _______________________________ 8. Sally is danceing in the room. _______________________________ 9. I watching TV at home now. ________________________________ 10. Do you listening the radio now? ________________________________ 四、英汉互译 1. 他正在教室里做作业。 ______________________________________________ 2. We are reading English now. ______________________________________________ 3. Peter 和 Billy 正在操场上（in the playground）打篮球。 ______________________________________________ 4. Look ! A bird is flying in the sky. ______________________________________________ 5. 公共汽车来了。 ______________________________________________ 6. 刘先生经常在周日的时候（on Sundays）看英语书。 ______________________________________________ 7. He isn’t playing games. He is studying. ______________________________________________ 8. 孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。 ______________________________________________ 9. That son of yours is always making troubles (捣乱). ______________________________________________ 10.你们正在做什么? ____________________________________________________37 能力测试卷（现在进行时态） 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式及现在分词形式 play ________ ________ sit ________ ________ do ________ ________ stop ________ ________ put ________ ________ swim ________ ________ skate ________ ________ dance ________ ________ fly ________ ________ lie ________ ________ 二、用动词的适当形式填空 1. I am __________(watch) TV now. 2. He ______ ________ (play) in the classroom now. 3. She often __________ (dance) after school. 4. My sister is ________ (fly) a kite in the park. 5. My parents(父母) ________ (swim) in the pond. 三、改错 1. I watching TV at home now. ____________________________ 2. My father is plays the piano. ____________________________ 3．He often flying kites on Sundays. ____________________________ 4．They is reading books. _____________________________ 5．She is dancing in the room. _____________________________ 四、英汉互译 1．Billy 正在教室里做作业。 ________________________________________ 2．My mother always cleans the house on Saturdays. _________________________________________ 3. 你正在做什么？ _________________________________________ 4. 他们没有踢足球，他们在打篮球。38 _________________________________________ 5. The bus is coming. ________________________________________ 小升初语法句型之肯定句和否定句 一、陈述句 定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述 句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。 肯定句变否定句 肯定句变否定句就是加 not no 或表示否定的词 英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中 的位置不同。 陈述句练习 把下列陈述句变成否定句。 1.My father watches TV every day . My father _____ ____ TV every day . 2.Kate often does her homework at six . Kate __ often ___ her homework at six. 3.I go to school at seven . I ___ ____ to school at seven . 4.She usually goes home by bus . She ____ usually ____ home by bus . 5.They are good students . They ____ ____ good students . 6.He is clever . He ____ ____ clever . 7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning . He ____ ____ ____ bread for breakfast every morning . 时态 具体句型 句子构成 动词做谓语 主语+be (am/is / are )+not+其他+. 实意动词做谓语 主语+don’t/doesn’t +其他+.一般现在时 情态动词+实义动词 主语+情态动词+not +动词原形+其他+. 现在进行时 动词做谓语 主语+be 动词(am /is /are)+现在分词+其他+.39 8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon . I ___ often ____ ____ tea in the afternoon . 9.He has some eggs . He ____ ____ ____ eggs . 10.Kim likes his new bike . Kim ____ ____ his new bike . 小升初语法之疑问句 疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑 问句和选择疑问句。 一、一般疑问句： 1.一般疑问句又可以叫做 yes/no 句型，需要用 yes 或 no 来回答。 2.一般疑问句的基本结构： be 动词（am, is, are）+主语+表语？ 情态动词（can, may, must…）+主语+行为动词（或 be）? 助动词(do, does)+主语+行为动词？ 助动词（shall, will, have, has…）+主语+行为动词（或 be）? 3.变一般疑问句的方法：（一调，二变，三问号） Be 动词型一般疑问句： 原句 问句 回答 I am a girl. Are you a girl ? Yes,I am / No, I’m not She is my friend. Is she your friend ? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t He is a student. Is he a student ? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t We are home. Are you home ? Yes, we are / No, we aren’t This is my book. Is this your book ? Yes, it is / No, it isn’t They are good friends. Are they your good friends ? Yes, they are / No, they aren’t 情态动词型一般疑问句： 原句 问句 回答 I can draw. Can you draw ? Yes,I can / No, I can’t. She can swim. Can she swim ? Yes, she can / No, she can’t He can ride a bike. Can he ride a bike ? Yes, he can / No, he can’t We will get there. Will you get here ? Yes, we will / No, we won’t It can talk. Can it talk ? Yes, it can / No , it can’t40 助动词型一般疑问句： 原句 问句 回答 I like swimming. Do you like swimming ? Yes,I do / No, I don’t She dances well. Does she dance well ? Yes, she does/No,she doesn’t He has a sister. Does he have a sister ? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t We cook dinner. Do you cook dinner? Yes, we do / No, we don’t It works well. Does it work ? Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t They become good friends Do they become good friends? Yes, they do / No, they don’t 其它在句中要变换的词有 some→any, am→are 二、特殊疑问句： 以疑问代词 what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词 when, where, how, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问 副词来回答，不用 yes 或 no。 1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句 （疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。 What do you want? 你要什么？ When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？ Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？ How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？ Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？ Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？ Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？ 2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词 （+名词） +谓语。 Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？ What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？ Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？ *疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。 whose: 用来提问“谁的”。 which: 用来提问“哪一个/位”。 what: 提问表示“干什么”等意思 *疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。 where: 提问在何地41 why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子 how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语 *由疑问词 how 构成的短语引导的问句 how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长 , how many + 复数名词 表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词 表示多少 , how far （表示距离）多远 疑问句专项练习 按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。 1. It’s a large room.(改为复数形式) ______ _______ large rooms. 2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句) He _______ _______ to buy a dictionary for his daughter. 3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句) Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things. 4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句) ______ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?. 5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问) ________ _______ is the hospital ? 6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问) _______ _______ students are there in your class? 7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问) ______ ______ do you write to your mother ? 8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问) _______ _______ pens does he have ? 9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问) ________ _______ is she? 10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句) They _______ _______ a class meeting every other week. 11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she _______ dinner with her grandparents once a week? 12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.（改为一般疑问句） _______ this kind of cold ______ and ______ very quickly? 13.He spent a whole morning cleaning the room.（就划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ he ______ cleaning the room. 14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.（改为一般疑问句） ________ your brother ________ lunch at the school every day? 15.Put the book on the desk.（否定句） ______ ______ the book on the desk. 16.His bike was bought yesterday. （就划线部分提问） _______ ______ was bought yesterday?42 17.She does morning exercises every day. (否定句) She _______ _______ morning exercises every day. 18.My mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问) _______ is your mother? 19.She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句) _______ she _______ to stay at home. 20.Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句) 小升初语法句型之祈使句 一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象 通常是第二人称 you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否 定句一般用 don’t, never 开始。 1．肯定祈使句 句型 1 ：动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + V. 例句：Let’s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 Let me try. 让我试一试。 Let him come upstairs. 让他上楼吧。 句型 2：动词 + 其他部分 例句：Please open the door . 请开门。 Turn to page two. 请将书翻到第二页。 Listen to me. 请听我讲。 Stop talking. 别说话。 二、否定祈使句 （一般在句首加 Don’t.） 1．Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。 （肯定句） Don’t climb the tree! 不要爬树。 （否定句） 2．Open the door. 打开门。 （肯定句）43 Don’t open the door. 不要开门。 （否定句） 三、陈述句变祈使句 1．You can’t make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。 Don’t make faces in class. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。 2．You can’t read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。 Don’t read in bed. 不要在床上看书。 祈使句专项训练 一、连词成句并改写成否定句。 1．on \ walk \ the \ grass ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. ride \ a \ here \ bike ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 二、 按要求改写下列句子 1．She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句) _________________________________________________ 2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句) _________________________________________________ 3.Tom wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句) _________________________________________________ 4.My mother can make kites. (一般疑问句) _________________________________________________ 5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句) ______________________________________________44 小升初语法句型 there be 与 have\has 句型 一. “There be” 句型 “There be +某 （些）人或物 + 某地（或某时）”是指“某地（时）存在某人 （或 某物）”。谓语 be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数， be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。 （一）结构 There be (is \ are ) +某…… 1) There is + ① 可数名词单数 ② 不可数名词 2）There are + 可数名词复数 （二）用法 1. 肯定句： There is \ are + _________. 2. 否定句：There is \ are + not ____________ 3. 一般疑问句：Is\Are + there … ? Yes, there is \are. No, there is \ are not. （三）There be 句型中的 be 与离它最近的名词有关。 例， There is an apple and two pears on the table. There are two pears and an apple on the table. 二、have \has 句型 是指某人有某物 (表示所有、拥有关系) I \ We \You \ They \ 人名（复数）\事物（复数）+ have … He \She\ It \ 人名（单数）\ 事物（单数） + has … 45 句型专项练习题 一、用“have , there be ” 的适当形式填空 1. He _________ a lot of friends. 2. _________ _________ four seasons in a year. 3. She _________ seven sons. 4. _________ _________ any milk in the cup? 5. Beijing ________ many universities. 6. We _______ a lot of work to do. 7. _________ _________ a book and two pens on the table. 8. They ______ many beautiful flowers. 9. _________ _________ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box. 10. My father ________ a red car. 二、用适当的词填空 1. He often _______ up ________ six o’clock _______ the morning. 2. What’s wrong ________ your mother? 3. Mary can ________ a kite. 4. There _______ an apple and three bananas in the bag. 三、选择填空 1.There _____ two knives in the pencil – box . A.are B.is C.be D.am 2.How many counties _____ in Europe ? A. is it B.is there C.are they D.are there 3.Look ! There ____ some apples in that tree . A. is B.are C.be D.am 4.There ____ some children playing on the playground . A. is B.are C.has D.have 5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ? -No . ____ any water in it in winter . A. There isn’t B.There aren’t C.It isn’t D.They aren’ t 46 6.There ____ an apple tree near the river . A. Am B.are C.is D.be 7._____ there any good news in today’s newspaper ? A. Are B.Is C.Have D.Has 8.There _____ a banana and ten pears in the basket . A. Are B.is C.has D.have 9.There _____ some oranges on the table . A. are B.is C.am D.be 语法综合练习题(一) 一、写出下列单词的复数形式 1.butterfly 7.watch 13. tomato 2.sheep 8.tooth 14. child 3.mouse 9.man 15. potato 4.deer 10.goose 16.knife 5.monkey 11.leaf 17. radio 6.box 12.story 18.dress 二、汉译英 1.Tony 的手表 ______________ 2.教师节____________________ 3.同学们的教室_______________ 4.弟弟的球___________________ 三、用适当的人称代词填空 1. This is _______ (I) book, that is ___________ (she). 2. These are ___________ (they) flowers. 3. ________ (she) brother is six, but ______ (I) is seven. 4. There are many apples in __________ (you) bag. 四、用 a, an 填空 1. _________ orange pencil 2. ________ old woman 3. ________baseball 4. ________ hour 五、写出下列动词的单三及现在分词形式 1.get ________ ________ 2.read ________ ________ 3.skip ________ ________ 4. listen ________ ________ 5. draw ________ ________ 6. close ________ ________ 六、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 1.fat 4.good47 2.nice 5.happy 3.long 6.old 七、用适当介词填空 1. There are many pears _________ the tree. 2. He often plays football ________ school. 3. He goes _______ school ________ Sundays. 4. The birds are ________ the tree. 5. There are two pictures _______ the wall. 八、用动词的适当形式填空 1. My sister often _______ her homework at home. ( do) 2. You must _______ to bed now. (go ) 3. He is _________ in the room. (sing) 4. Is she ________ the window now? (clean) 5. May I ________ the door ?(open) 6. She is ________ in Room Two. (dance) 7. He often _________ up late on Sundays. (get) 8. My father usually ________ TV at night. (watch) 9. Mary can __________ books by herself. (read) 10. Sam _________ in the pool. (swim) 九、按要求改写句子 1. This is a basketball. (改为复数句) 2. She is my mother. (就划线部分提问) 3. There is an orange and four rulers on the table. (同义句) 4. Tom plays soccer every day. (否定句) 5. Can you swim? (否定句) ___________________________ 6. He is reading a book. He is in the classroom. (改写成一句话)48 十、改错。 1．He writing a letter in the room. _____________________ 2．She can swims in the river. ________________________ 3．He and I am good friends. _________________________ 4．Her father is plays the piano. ______________________ 5．There are three windows on the wall. ________________ 6． The book is mine sister’s. _________________________ 语法综合练习题(二) 一、用 am, is ,are 填空 1. This ________ an interesting book. 2.I ________ a clever boy. 3. You _______ a good teacher. 4.She _______ a policeman. 5. These ________ their books. 6.He and I ________ good friends. 二、用 have, there be 的适当形式填空 1. I ________ a computer, and my brother ________ a TV. 2. ________ ________ an apple and two books on the desk. 3. ________ ________ any milk in the glass? 4. ________ ________ any sheep on the farm? 5. She doesn’t _______ a sister. 6.He ________ a red bag, but his brother doesn’t ________ one. 三、根据要求转换句型 1.That is a red car. （变复数句子） __________________________________________________________ 2.She likes reading English books. （变否定句） ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Mike has lunch at school. （变一般疑问句） ___________________________________________________________________ 4. The dress is very beautiful. (变感叹句) ___________________________________________________________________ 5. There are fifteen books on the desk. (划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________________________ 6. You can’t make faces in class. （变祈使句） ___________________________________________________________________ 7. Put the book on the floor. （变否定句） ___________________________________________________________________ 8. He has a beautiful bike. （变一般疑问句） ___________________________________________________________________ 9. She is a good girl. (变感叹句)49 ___________________________________________________________________ 10. 他正在屋里唱歌。 （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 11. He wrote a letter yesterday. （变一般疑问句） ___________________________________________________________________ 12. She often watches TV after school. （变否定句） ___________________________________________________________________ 13. 他的钢笔比她的漂亮。（汉译英） 语法综合练习题 （三） 一、写出下列单词的复数形式 （9 分） 1.city 4. key 7. mouse 2.bus 5. English 8. sheep 3.tomato 6. brush 9. knife 二、写出下列单词的单数形式 （9 分） 1.children 4.butterflies 7.men 2. leaves 5. potatoes 8.feet 3.babies 6.glasses 9.monkeys 三、写出下列动词的单数第三人称、过去式和现在分词形式 （10 分） 动词 单数第三人称 现在分词 1. go 2. write 3.do 4.leave 5.buy 6.stop 7.have 8.swim 9.sing 10.know 四、写出下列短语 （10 分） 1．回家 6．在家 2．进来 7．去上学 3．做作业 8．放风筝 4．步行 9．准时 5．起床 10．及时 五、用适当的介词填空（10 分）50 1. What’s wrong __________ your father? 2. Look! There are many birds ________ the tree. 3. Which is the best sport ___________ summer? 4.Do you know where she comes __________________? 5. How many people are there ________ your family? 6. Don’t read ________ the sun. 7. It’s time ________ lunch. 8. It’s time _________ go to school. 9. I often get up ________ six ________ the morning . 七、选择填空 （10 分） ( ) 1. ________ book on the desk is ________ useful one. A. The , an B. A , a C. The, a ( ) 2. “Where is Mike ?” “I think he is in __________.” A. Second room B. Room Two C. room second ( ) 3. Who runs __________ in your class? A. fast B. faster C. fastest ( ) 4.Does he speak English __________ his brother? A. as good as B. as well as C. best than ( ) 5. He _________ at 6:30 every morning. Or LU A. often get up B. often gets up C. gets up often ( ) 6. Who is running ______,Lily or Lucy? A. very slowly B. more slowly C. most slowly ( ) 7. _______ exciting the TV play is ! A. How B. What C. How an D. What an ( ) 8. “Oh, dear! ________ expensive it is!” A. How B. What C. How a D. What a ( ) 9. There _______ a film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be ( ) 10. ________ he playing football now? A. am B. Is C. Dose D. Are 八、用动词的适当形式填空。（10 分） 1. He is ________ (read) a book now. 2. My sister often _________ (go ) to school at 7: 00. 3. Mary can _________ (ride) a bike. 4. Did you _________ (swim) in a pool yesterday? 5. She _________ (sing) now. 6. What _______ you _______ (do) next Saturday? 7. Tom ___________ (not do ) his homework yesterday. 8. Look. She _______________ (dance) over there. 9. In China, spring___________ (begin) in February. 10. May I __________ (ride ) the bike? 九、改错 （5 分） 1. There are some monkeies in the zoo. ____________________ 2. The book is my. __________________ 3. This is hers ruler. That is mine. __________________ 4. She don’t like reading English. _______________ 5. Mary have a blue skirt. _________________________ 十、句型转换 （15 分） 1. Mary often watches TV after school. (否定句)51 2. He wrote a letter yesterday evening. ( 一般疑问句) 3. “What is he doing?” “ He ______________ (fly ) a kite.” 4. Tom has four bikes. (划线部分提问) 5. My father is very well. (划线部分提问) 6. There are some apples in the bag. (否定句) 小学阶段不规则动词全表 原型 过去形式 原型 过去形式 1. am, is was 2. keep kept 3. are were 4. let let 5. become became 6. make made 7. begin began 8. meet met 9. bite bit 10. put put 11. blow blew 12. read read 13. buy bought 14. ride rode 15. catch caught 16. run ran 17. come came 18. say said 19. cost cost 20. see saw 21. cut cut 22. sing sang 23.dig dug 24. sit sat 25.do did 26. sleep slept 27. draw drew 28. speak spoke 29. drink drank 30. sweep swept 31. eat ate 32. take took 33. fall fell 34.teach taught 35. feed fed 36. tell told 37.feel felt 38.think thought 39. fly flew 40. throw threw 41.forget forgot 42.understand understood 43. get got 44. give gave 45. wake woke 46. go went 52 47. wear wore 48. grow grew 49. win won 50. have/has had 51. write wrote 52. know knew 动词四种形式变化规则汇总表 一般现在时第三人称单数后动词的变化 内容 例词 直接加 s get--gets ;work--works; run--runs 末尾字母是 s, x, o, ch, sh Wash --washes ; watch -- watches , fix -- fixes 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，改 y 为 i, 再加 es Study -- studies 动词 have 在第三人称单数后，改为 has 现在分词 内容 例词 直接加 ing work -- working 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 再加 ing wake -- waking 重读闭音节 run -- running 动词过去式 内容 例词 直接加 ed work -- worked 以不发音的 e 结尾，直接加 d skate -- skated 辅音字母+y 结尾，改 y 为 i，再加 ed study -- studied 重读闭音节 Stop -- stopped 不规则变化 go -- went ; have -- had53 顺 序 单词 中文词 意 一般现在时 （第三人称 单数） 现在进行时 一般过去时 answer 回答 answers answering answered appear 出现 appears appeareda ask 问 asks asking asked be(am,is) 是 is being was be(are) 是 being were become 成为 becomes became begin 开始 begins began bite 咬 bites biting bit blow 吹 blows blowing blew borrow 借 borrows borrowed bring 带来 brings bringing brought brush 刷 brushes brushing brushed b buy 买 buys bought call 叫；打电 话 calls calling called carry 运 carries carrying carried catch 捉住 catches catching caught change 改变 changes changing changed chat 聊天 chats chatting chatted check 检查 checks checking checked c clean 清洁 cleans cleaning cleaned54 climb 爬 climbs climbing climbed come 来 comes came cook 煮 cooks cooking cooked cost 花费 costs cost count 数数 counts counting counted cut 切 cuts cutting cut dance 跳舞 dances dancing danced die 死 dies died dig 挖 digs digging dug do 做 does doing did draw 画 draws drawing drew dream 梦想 dreams dreaming dreamed drink 喝 drinks drinking drank d drive 驾驶 drives driving drove eat 吃 eats eating ate end 结束 ends ended e-mail 发电子 邮件 e-mails e-mailing e-mailede enjoy 欣赏 enjoys enjoying enjoyed fall 跌倒 falls falling fell feed 喂 feeds feeding fed feel 感觉 feels felt fill 填 fills filling filled finish 完成 finishes finished fish 鱼，钓鱼 fishes fishing fished fly 飞 flies flying flew f forget 忘记 forgets forgot get 得到 gets got give 给 gives giving gaveg go 去 goes going went55 grow 成长 grows growing grew happen 发生 happens happened have 有 has having had hear 听到 hears heard help 帮助 helps helping helped hike 远足 hikes hiking hiked h hope 希望 hopes hoped i invite 邀请 invites inviting invited j jump 跳 jumps jumping jumped keep 记，保存 keeps kept kill 杀 kills killing killedk know 知道 knows knew laugh 大笑 laughs laughing laughed learn 学习 learns learning learnt,learned leave 留下 leaves leaving left lend 借 lends lent like 喜欢 likes liked listen 听 listens listening listened litter 乱扔垃 圾 litters littering littered live 生活，住 lives living lived look 看起来 looks looked lose 迷路 loses losing lost l love 爱，喜爱 loves loved make 做 makes making made mark 打分 marks marking markedm mean 意思是 means meant56 meet 遇见 meets meeting met move 迁移 moves moving moved n need 需要 needs needed o open 打开 opens opened pack 停车 packs packing packed paint 画 paints painting painted phone 打电话 phones phoning phoned pick 摘 picks picking picked plant 种植 plants planting planted play 玩 plays playing played practice 练习 practices practicing practiced prefer 愿意，更 喜欢 prefers preferred prepare 准备 prepares preparing prepared p put 放 puts putting put race 比赛 races racing raced rain 下雨 rains raining rained raise 举起 raises raised read 读 reads reading read renew 更新 renews renewing renewed rest 休息 rests rested return 归还 returns returned ride 骑 rides riding rode r run 跑 runs running ran save 救 saves saving saved say 说 says saying said see 看见 sees seeing saws serve 服务 serves serving served57 show 展示 shows showing showed sing 唱歌 sings singing sang sit 坐 sits sitting sat skate 滑冰 skates skating skated ski 滑雪 skis skiing skied sleep 睡觉 sleeps sleeping slept speak 说 speaks speaking spoke start 开始 starts started stay 停留 stays stayed study 学习 studies studying studied surf 冲浪 surfs surfing surfed sweep 扫 sweeps sweeping swept swim 游泳 swims swimming swam take 带去 takes taking took talk 谈话 talks talking talked teach 教 teaches teaching taught tell 告诉 tells telling told thank 谢谢 thanks thanked think 想 thinks thinking thought throw 扔 throws throwing threw touch 摸 touches touching touched travel 旅游 travels traveling traveled try 试 tries trying tried t turn 翻、转动 turns turning turned understan d 明白，理 解 understands understanding understoodu use 使用 uses using used v visit 参观，拜 访 visits visiting visited wait 等待 waits waiting waitedw wake 醒来 wakes waking woke58 walk 走路 walks walking walked want 想 wants wanted wash 洗 washes washing washed watch 看 watches watching watched water 浇水 waters watering watered wear 穿 wears wearing wore weigh 称重 weighs weighing weighed win 赢 wins won wish 希望 wishes wished work 工作 works working worked worry 担心 worries worrying worried write 写 writes writing wrote