英语练习题（二）
一、阅读理解 A.
My daughter and I collected the empty cans and bottles in our home this morning. We
had 6 full garbage bags later so I knew we would be spending a bit more of time at the recycling
center. When we got there, a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were
using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans. Luckily, we were able to use the 2
remaining machines.
Of course, there were others that came, but when they saw the two families with garbage
bags full of recycled things, they quickly left. However, one woman came in with just 5 cans and
looked as if she was in a hurry. So I stopped what I was doing and let her in to recycle her cans.
Of course, she was grateful, and it felt good to let her go ahead of me. But that was not the whole
story.
My daughter and I continued to work through the bags, but the plastic recycling machine
stopped working because it was full, My daughter was left with nothing to do. The other family
was still using the other two plastic recycling machines, but it seemed that they were almost done.
I just told my daughter we would have to wait until they were done. But the man of the other
family came through with another act of kindness. He offered to let us go ahead of him. I was
really surprised, because we had more than 5 bottles, but he didn't seem to mind. I happily
accepted it.
It was great to give and then to get an act of kindness in turn. It was small, I didn't expect it,
but it surely brightened up my day.
1．From Paragraph 1 we can learn that _____________.
A．the author did collecting every morning
B．the author usually had 6 bags of cans to recycle
C．most people did recycling in the morning
D．there were four recycling machines in all
2．The author let the woman recycle her cans first because ___________.
A．there were many other families there B．the woman seemed to be in a hurry
C．the author wanted to hear a story D．the woman was very grateful
3．Why couldn't the author finish her recycling in time?
A．Because her daughter's machine stopped working.
B．Because the other family was still using the machines.
C．Because she let the other family use her machine first.
D．Because she helped recycle the other family's bags first.4．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The kindness. B．The offer. C．The machine. D．The 5 bottles.
B.
Basically, without the possibility of failure, there is little possibility of success.
Education is in danger of becoming a branch of the entertainment industry. Although education
should indeed be entertaining where possible, it cannot always be fun. Often, it needs the "hard
yards".
Some educationalists feel that if something causes worry it should be avoided at all costs, I
would disagree. Facing up to challenges helps develop children. Avoiding challenges can severely
limit their potential. Tougher children are able to try and fail. The less tough may simply fail to try
anything new.
I’m not advocating putting children under pressure. The real debate is perhaps what pressures
are unavoidable. It's not about "throwing children into the deep end", but rather encouraging them
to put their foot in the water and giving them the skills to float.
This latter approach is basically the work I and my team do at the University of Hull. We
measure mental toughness and then provide interventions to improve this. These interventions
include psychological skills such as goal setting, relaxation and thought control. So, for example,
many children will say: "What happens if it goes wrong?" We work hard to change this so that the
sentence reads: "What happens if it goes right?" One word difference, but a world away when
thinking about challenges.
We try to help children deal more effectively with life using a three-step approach. Firstly, it
is important to set realistic and achievable goals. Then it is a matter of finding out what factors (因
素) are helping children to achieve these goals and what factors are working against this. The final
step is to discover which of these factors can be controlled, or at least influenced, and what factors
the child is in reality stuck with. Redirecting children's energies to movable obstacles (障碍) can
produce huge life changes.
However, I think that for most of us we have become stress averse (反对的) and overreact to
it. It has always been there, and it has always been the case that some people enjoy it, some need
help to deal with it and some people's lives are ruined by it.
Showing our children that stress can be faced with and beaten offers them a way forward.
The more a fear is avoided, the bigger it gets.
5．From the passage, we know the writer believes ____________.
A．education needs challenges
B．education should always be fun
C．children should avoid facing challenges
D．the more challenges, the better for the children6．The writer disagreed with some educationalists because ________________.
A．some children are less tough
B．some pressures are avoidable
C．some challenges do good to children
D．some children are unaware of their potential
7．What do the writer and his team do at the University of Hull?
A．Record what the children do in stressful situations.
B．Make the children tougher mentally and physically.
C．Put the children under pressure by giving them challenges.
D．Give the children challenges and suggest suitable approaches.
8．What is the correct attitude towards stress according to the writer?
A．We should try our best to avoid stress.
B．We should love stress because stress is unavoidable.
C．We should put ourselves to the test in stressful situations.
D．We should experience stress and learn skills to deal with it.
C.
Every time you use a tea bag, you could be absorbing billions of microplastic and
nanoplastic particles (纳米塑料颗粒). That's the conclusion of researchers at McGill University in
Montreal.
The research centred on four different types of tea bags, of the kind recently preferred by
some premium (优质的) brands. Having been emptied of the tea itself, the bags were placed in
water heated to 95℃.
Researchers were surprised to find each bag released around 11.6 billion microplastics and a
further 3.1 billion even smaller nanoplastics. These levels were, says the report, “thousands of
times higher than plastic amounts previously reported in other foods.”
The researchers believe that the tea bags send so many microplastics because they are heated
close to boiling point. And the researchers exposed water fleas (水蚤) to water containing varying
concentrations of microplatics. While the animals did not die, they did display some abnormalities
(畸形) that could suggest the microplastics were having a toxic (毒的) effect on them.
“To date, the health effects of consuming microplastics to humans are still unknown, while
the effects observed in the present study and in other animals gave an early warning,” the
researchers conclude in their study. “One of the main potential human exposure pathways of
microplastics is likely via ingestion, and particle uptake may occur in the digestive tract. Once inside the digestive tract, cellular uptake (细胞吞噬) and subcellular translocation (亚细胞移位)
or localization of the ingested particles may occur.”
9．What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A．Drinking tea is unhealthy for you.
B．Using tea bags probably takes in plastic grains.
C．People should often change the tea bags.
D．A tea bag is made up of microplastics and nanoplastic particles.
10．What do we know about the report in the passage?
A．The hot water can reduce more plastic particles.
B．The tea bags contain higher amount of plastics than everything.
C．The plastic particles exist in many other foods too.
D．The food industry has been greatly polluted now.
11．Why did the water fleas display some abnormalities?
A．They were poisoned by plastics.
B．They were not used to being exposed to hot water.
C．The water was heated close to boiling point.
D．They were put into different teas.
12．What's the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the study of microplastic and nanoplastic.
B．To tell us the contents of tea bags.
C．To explain the latest findings in plastic.
D．To inform us of the potential danger of using tea bags.
D.
Mars on Earth
Devon Island has always been a cold and uninhabited(无人居住的) place in the Canadian
Arctic. Day after day there are high winds and the temperature is below freezing. But for the first
time, despite the terrible weather conditions, Devon Island is the new home for a group of
explorers from NASA．They are living here for a few months in order to train and learn how to
live and work on Mars. The group's members come from various backgrounds and nationalities,
but they all have the same purpose: to find out how people can live on Mars in the future.They have chosen Devon Island because the environment and landscape is similar in many
ways to Mars. The surface is freezing cold and the ground is rough. However, there are some
differences on Mars, where the atmosphere is poisonous to breathe. Devon Island is easier to
travel to and it has its own dangers that you won't find on Mars. For example, you might meet a
hungry polar bear on Devon Island!
One thing the team wants to develop is suitable clothing for Mars. This includes a space suit.
The suit they are testing at the moment is strong enough but it's too difficult to put on and take off.
It's very big and bulky, which means that just walking around is very difficult and tiring. In
addition, people will need to do experiments on Mars while wearing the suit so they have to be
able to move around easily. One team member, Andy Overbeeke, specializes in space suit
engineering. He explains, "You have to think about what they're really going to operate in."
Another part of daily life on Mars will be meals and food. Creating a new home on Mars
requires a lot of food. So the big question is: can you grow plants in order to survive? Scientists
believe that growing plants on Mars might be possible. Mars and Earth have many similarities.
They both have about the same amount of dry land and a 24-hour day. However, the atmosphere
on Mars is totally different, so Canadian scientist Alain Berinstain is attempting to grow plants in
a special greenhouse that you could also build on Mars. The greenhouse needs to run 365 days a
year, so it uses a combination of solar energy and wind power.
People living on Mars will also want their own transportation. For this, the team on Devon
Island have built the "Martian Rover". It's a huge heavy vehicle that can travel over rocks and
rough terrain. This kind of testing takes many days but so far the work has been valuable and
effective. As a result, the whole team now believes their work is crucial and that it's possible for
humans to land on the planet Mars and create a home there. Addy Overbeeke adds: "We know that
it's man's destiny to go out and do space exploration. It's always time to think about what you want
to do in the future."
13．The explorers are living on Devon Island to _________.
A．receive a training in astronomy
B．set up an advanced research lab
C．learn how to live and work on Mars
D．make a living in an uninhabited land
14．To keep food supply on Mars, people should _____.
A．create a new home
B．improve the atmosphere
C．build special greenhouses
D．reduce the area of dry land
15．According to the passage, we know that __________.A．man may live on Mars in the future
B．Martian Rover has failed to stand the test
C．Mars and Devon Island have the same soil condition
D．scientists have mastered the method to grow plants on Mars
二、七选五
Apathy
Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. 16．They may also exhibit
unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as a lack of love and devotion to God and His
works.
17． Also meaning "absence of passion" in Greek, the term "apatheia" was used by the Stoics
(禁欲主义者) to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside
one's control.
The modern concept of apathy became well known after World War I, when it was called
“shell shock. " Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the
battlefields filled with dead and wounded companions.18．In 1950, US novelist Passos wrote
"Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to
something too tense or too complicated to deal with. " US philosopher Robert M. Hutchins
summarizes the concerns about political indifference. He claims that the death of democracy is not
likely to be a sudden murder from ambush (埋伏)．19．
There may be other things contributing to a person's political apathy. Activist Dave Meslin
argues that apathy is often the result of social systems actively blocking engagement and
involvement. He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they
might get involved in something,20．These include: political media that make it difficult for
potentially interested individuals to find relevant information, and media descriptions of heroes as
"chosen" by outside forces rather than self-motivated. He suggests that we redefine social apathy
not as a population that is stupid or lazy, but as a result of poorly designed systems that fail to
invite others to participate.
A．It will be a slow process of fading away from apathy and indifference.
B．Apathetic people may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life.
C．The word "dispassion" is used for "apatheia", so as not to confuse it with apathy.
D．He focuses on design choices that unintentionally or intentionally exclude people.
E. So they gradually developed a sense of disconnected numbness to normal social interaction.
F. Although the word "apathy" originates from "apatheia", it is important not to confuse the two
terms.
G. Author John McManamy argues apathy is a psychological problem for some depressed people,
in which they get a sense that "nothing matters".三、完形填空（选做）
A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a
few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak 21 and I practise hard. How is this
happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to 22 the
outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.
I study and write about resilience (复原力), and I’m noticing a(n) 23 increase in
students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of
what they imagine they should 24 , however, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected
them from 25 . But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in
particular: a 26 promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research,
which has found that praising children for 27 will increase academic performance.
Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across
classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may
benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not 28 help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year
that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a 29 of motivation and
perseverance that is the big problem. 30 , it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with
backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can
31 physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined
that adolescent girls who refused to give up the 32 goals showed elevated levels of CRP,
a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease
and other medical conditions.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge
comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and
inequality teaches them to 33 what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change.
Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing
our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way，we should all question a culture
that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what 34
inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We
should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least 35
it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
21．A．coolness B．fitness C．goodness D．readiness
22．A．control B．change C．adjust D．celebrate
23．A．amusing B．inspiring C．troubling D．touching
24．A．apply B．approve C．appreciate D．accomplish
25．A．disbelief B．disagreement C．discovery D．discomfort26．A．bright B．false C．general D．flexible
27．A．virtue B．ability C．effort D．status
28．A．originally B．obviously C．necessarily D．regularly
29．A．choice B．command C．display D．lack
30．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．However
31．A．result from B．apply for C．associate with D．lead to
32．A．Immoral B．impersonal C．impossible D．impolite
33．A．challenge B．accept C．assess D．inquire
34．A．plainly B．probably C．immediately D．actually
35．A．exhibit B．expect C．establish D．recognize
第 II 卷（非选择题)
四、语法填空
Every country shares things36．common: we value family and laughter, cherish food and health,
and celebrate large37．(festival) and traditions. Yet within the similar things we share, there are
unique parts of each country. One characteristic that is famous of British people38．(be) their
sense of humor, particularly self-mockery (自嘲). This is a type of humor that criticizes and
undervalues oneself. For example, a fat person may joke: “I am on a new sea food diet. If I see
food, I eat it.” This is39．well-known self-mockery joke. It’s difficult why self-mockery40．(tie) to
the British people. But every nation’s sense of humor comes from its culture and history. It could
come from another British characteristic, modesty,41．(mean) not talking openly about your
skills. This seems to be something that is similar with people in China,42．modesty plays a big part
in daily life. It also acts as a defense of our self-respect by playing down our skills, this
can43．(less) the chance of people criticizing us. Another possible reason is44．the British people
do not take themselves too45．(serious).
36._________37._________38._________39.__________40._________
41._________42._________43._________44.__________45.__________
五、应用文写作
46．假定你是李华。你收到了美国朋友彼得寄来的最新英文小说。请给他回信，要点如下：
1.收到小说,表达谢意；
2.回赠礼物及其意义；
3.邀请来华。
注意：1. 词数 80 左右;2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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六、读后续写
47．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
“If mum finds out that I'm going to the beach, I'll be in big trouble.” I said to myself softly
in a low voice.
I went downstairs slowly and tried to walk casually into the kitchen. As I was walking
towards the back door, mum asked without looking up from her “dish-washing”, “Where are you
going?” I answered back without hesitation,“ I am going to the garden to play.” After I got out of
the kitchen, I breathed a sign of relief. My plan had worked out fine so far. I climbed the fence and
jumped onto the muddy field next to my house and started running towards the bus stop at top
speed,
After half an hour I was at the beach scanning the crowd for my friends, Jimmy and Bobby.
Two young men were racing in the canoes (独木舟). After a while, I saw them near a coconut tree.
I ran towards them and got into my swimming trunk (游泳裤). For about an hour, we played
volleyball happily.
Suddenly, Bobby hit the ball too hard and the ball fell into the sea. Just as Bobby was going
to pick up the ball, the tide came in and carried the ball further and further away from the shore. I
wanted to show off my swimming skills so I declared to help get the ball for them.
I dived into the water and started swimming at a steady pace. After swimming for about ten
minutes, I became tired but when I saw that the ball was only a few feet away from me, I put in
an extra burst of speed. However, just as I was going to get the ball, a very strong current swept
the ball further away from me. At that moment, a string of weed （海草）tangled (缠绕) up with
my feet and I could not swim properly.
I struggled to keep afloat but it was no use. “ If I had listened to my parents, this would never
have happened,” I thought silently.
Paragraph 1
Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled
underwater.______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________Paragraph 2When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a
bed.___________________________
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______________________英语答案
A 阅读
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲的是作者和女儿在废品回收站帮助一个妇女，然后在自己需要帮
助的时候，又得到别人的帮助，说明善有善报的道理。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的…a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were
using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans.(一名男子和他的孩子们也在做晨间
回收，他们用四台机器中的两台来回收塑料和易拉罐)可知，总共有 4 个回收机，故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的 However, one woman came in with just 5 cans and looked as if she
was in a hurry. So I stopped what I was doing and let her in to recycle her cans.(然而，一名妇女带着
5 个罐头走进来，看起来好像很着急。所以我停下手头的工作，让她进来回收她的罐子)可知，
作者让这个妇女先用这个回收机，因为她看起来很匆忙，故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段的 My daughter and I continued to work through the bags, but the plastic
recycling machine stopped working because it was full. (我和女儿继续清理这些袋子，但塑料回收
机停止了工作，因为它已经满了)可知，作者女儿的机器停止工作了，所以她们没能及时完成回
收，故选 A。
4．词义猜测题。根据上文 He offered to let us go ahead of him. I was really surprised, because we had
more than 5 bottles, but he didn't seem to mind.(他提出让我们走在他前面。我真的很惊讶，因为我
们有超过 5 个瓶子，但他似乎并不介意)可知，这个男子主动提出让作者她们先用回收机，所以
我高兴地接受了他的提议。故 it 指的是“这个提议”，故选 B。
【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的
对象，包括考查 it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件
的复数名词)，he/she 等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词 this，that，these，those 等在文章
中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同
学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理
清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。如第四小题，根据上文 He offered
to let us go ahead of him. I was really surprised, because we had more than 5 bottles, but he didn't
seem to mind.(他提出让我们走在他前面。我真的很惊讶，因为我们有超过 5 个瓶子，但他似乎
并不介意)可知，这个男子主动提出让作者她们先用回收机，所以我高兴地接受了他的提议。
故 it 指的是“这个提议”，故选 B。
B 阅读
5．A 6．C 7．D 8．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述教育现在面临很多的挑战，这些挑战既有好处又有弊端。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 Facing up to challenges helps develop children.可知，面对挑
战有利于使孩子们成长，即作者认为教育需要挑战。故选 A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Some educationalists feel that if something causes worry it
should be avoided at all costs, I would disagree.(一些教育学家认为，如果某件事引起了担忧，就应
该不惜一切代价避免，我不同意这种看法)以及第二段第三句 Facing up to challenges helps
develop children.(面对挑战有助于孩子的成长)可知，作者不同意一些教育专家的意见，因为他
认为面对挑战对孩子们的发展有好处，故选 C。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句…encouraging them to put their foot in the water and giving
them the skills to float 提到，作者的方法是鼓励孩子们踏入水中，然后教给他们漂浮的技巧，言
下之意是通过让他们去面临挑战来教给他们合适的应对挑战的方法。而第四段开头提到，这种方法正是基于在 Hull 大学的实验，随后具体介绍了实验的内容，故 D 选项“给孩子们挑战，并
建议适当的方法”符合文意。故选 D。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句 Showing our children that stress can be faced with and beaten
offers them a way forward.(让我们的孩子知道压力是可以面对和战胜的，这为他们提供了前进的
道路) 可推知，作者认为对待压力的正确态度是应该去经历压力然后学会解决方法，故选
D。
【点睛】
态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人
物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，
理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。
如第四小题，根据最后一段第一句 Showing our children that stress can be faced with and beaten
offers them a way forward.(让我们的孩子知道压力是可以面对和战胜的，这为他们提供了前进的
道路)可推知，作者认为对待压力的正确态度是应该去经历压力然后学会解决方法，故选 D。
C 阅读
9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，每次你使用一个茶包，你可能会吸收数十亿微塑料和纳米塑
料颗粒。这项研究集中在四种不同类型的茶包上，文章说明了研究的过程，以及研究结果塑料
颗粒也存在于许多其他食物中。到目前为止，食用微塑料对人类健康的影响仍是未知的。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 Every time you use a tea bag, you could be absorbing billions of
microplastic and nanoplastic particles (纳米塑料颗粒).可知每次你使用一个茶包，你可能会吸收数
十亿微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒。由此可知，用茶包可能会吸收塑料颗粒。故选 B。10．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 These levels were, says the report, “thousands of times higher
than plastic amounts previously reported in other foods.”可知报告称，这些含量“比之前报道的其他
食品中塑料含量高出数千倍”。由此可推知，塑料颗粒也存在于许多其他食物中。故选 C。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中 While the animals did not die, they did display some abnormalities
(畸形) that could suggest the microplastics were having a toxic (毒的) effect on them.可知虽然这些
动物没有死亡，但它们确实表现出了一些异常，这可能表明微塑料对它们有毒性作用。由此可
知，水蚤会出现一些异常是因为他们被塑料毒害了。故选 A。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段 Every time you use a tea bag, you could be absorbing billions of
microplastic and nanoplastic particles. That's the conclusion of researchers at McGill University in
Montreal.可知每次你使用一个茶包，你可能会吸收数十亿微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒。这是蒙特利
尔麦吉尔大学研究人员的结论。
结合文章主要内容为说明研究人员发现，每次你使用一个茶包，你可能会吸收数十亿微塑料和
纳米塑料颗粒。这项研究集中在四种不同类型的茶包上，文章说明了研究的过程，以及研究结
果塑料颗粒也存在于许多其他食物中。到目前为止，食用微塑料对人类健康的影响仍是未知的。
由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是告知我们使用茶包的潜在危险。故选 D。
D 阅读
13．C 14．C 15．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了科学家们利用地球上气候温度非常恶劣，被称为“地球上的火
星”的 Devon Islande 来研究和学习如何在火星上居住和工作。研究内容包括开发适合火星的衣
服、如何在火星上种植的食物以及在火星上的交通工具。
13．细节理解题。结合第一段第四句 They are living here for a few months in order to train and learn
how to live and work on Mars.(为了训练和学习如何在火星上生活和工作，他们在这里住了几个
月)可知，探险家们住在 Devon Islande 上学习如何在火星上居住和工作。故选 C。14．细节理解题。结合第四段第二、三句 Creating a new home on Mars requires a lot of food. So the
big question is: can you grow plants in order to survive? (在火星上建造一个新家需要很多食物。所
以最大的问题是:为了生存你能种植植物吗?) 可知，在火星上的食物供应需要靠种植作物来解
决；以及该段倒数第二句 However, the atmosphere on Mars is totally different, so Canadian scientist
Alain Berinstain is attempting to grow plants in a special greenhouse that you could also build on
Mars.(然而，火星上的大气是完全不同的，所以加拿大科学家 Alain Berinstain 试图在一个特殊
的温室里种植植物，你也可以在火星上建造这样的温室)可知，科学家们靠建立特殊的温室来种
植作物，因此解决食物供给问题就要搭建特殊的温室。故选 C。
15．细节理解题。结合最后一段第五句 As a result, the whole team now believes their work is crucial
and that it's possible for humans to land on the planet Mars and create a home there.(因此，整个团队
现在相信他们的工作是至关重要的，人类有可能登陆火星并在那里建立家园)可知人们未来是可
能到火星上居住的，故选 A。
七选五：
16．B 17．F 18．E 19．A 20．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要向我们描述了冷淡和冷漠情绪的差别，以及冷漠这种情绪产
生的原因。
16．结合上文 Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern.(冷漠是一种缺乏兴趣、热
情或关心的状态)可知，此处是在描述冷漠的特点，本句承接上文继续说明冷漠的人具有在生活
中缺乏目标感或意义的特点，故 B 选项“冷漠的人可能在生活中缺乏目标感或意义”符合上下文
语境。故选 B。
17．根据下文 Also meaning "absence of passion" in Greek, the term "apatheia" was used by the Stoics
(禁欲主义者) to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside
one's control.(“apatheia”一词在希腊语中也有“缺乏激情”的意思，禁欲主义者用它来表示对无法
控制的事件和事物漠不关心的理想状态)可知，此处引入一个新词 apatheia，而且其后的文字都是围绕介绍 apathetic 展开，突出了 apatheia 这个词和 apathy 的区别。故 F 选项“虽然“apathy”一
词来源于“apatheia”，但是不要把这两个词混淆了”符合上下文语境。故选 F。
18．根据上文 Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the battlefields
filled with dead and wounded companions.(士兵们生活在爆炸和炮火的战壕里，看到战场上到处
都是死伤同伴)以及后文 In 1950, US novelist Passos wrote "Apathy is one of the characteristic
responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal
with. "( 1950 年，美国小说家帕索斯写道:“冷漠是任何活着的人面对太紧张或太复杂的事情时的
典型反应之一。”)可推知，战士们经历过战场上非常紧张的事情后，往往会逐渐对正常的社交
产生一种脱节的麻木感，且 E 选项中 they 可对应上文 soldiers。故 E 选项“因此，他们逐渐对正
常的社会交往产生了一种脱节的麻木感”符合上下文语境。故选 E。
19．根据上文 He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from
ambush.(他声称民主的死亡不太可能是一场突然的伏击谋杀)中 the death of democracy 与 A 选项
中 it 相对应，故 A 选项“这将是一个逐渐摆脱冷漠和冷漠的缓慢过程”符合上下文语境。故选
A。
20．根据上文 He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might
get involved in something(他描述了各种各样的障碍，这些障碍使人们不知道他们如何或为什么
会卷入某件事)及主语一致原则，句式一致原则可知，最后一段空格前后的两个相同主语 He，He
加动词的句式可对应到 D 选项中“He focuses on”，故 D 选项“他关注的是无意或有意将人排除在
外的设计选择”符合上下文语境。故选 D。
【点睛】
七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然
后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数
词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。如第五小题，根据上文 He describes various barriers that prevent
people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something(他描述了各种各样的障碍，
这些障碍使人们不知道他们如何或为什么会卷入某件事)及主语一致原则，句式一致原则可知，最后一段空格前后的两个相同主语 He，He 加动词的句式可对应到 D 选项中“He focuses on”，
故 D 选项“他关注的是无意或有意将人排除在外的设计选择”符合上下文语境。故选 D。
完型填空：
21．B22．A23．C24．D25．D26．B27．C28．C29．D30．A31．D32．C33．B34．D35．B
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，由一个明星运动员在比赛中犯错而自责不已的故事引出了这样一种现
象——现在很多孩子秉承一种不健康的完美主义，认为付出努力就应该得到好的结果，这使他
们对成就的追求超过了自己的极限并很难在应该放弃的时候放手，从而导致身体和精神上的双
重压力，我们需要提醒孩子生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我正处于最佳状态，我努力训练。这是怎么回事？A. coolness
冷静；B. fitness 健康、恰当；C. goodness 善良；D. readiness 愿意。空前说这个运动员是明星运
动员，因此她应该是处于最佳的状态，她不明白自己为何还会在比赛中犯错误，故 B 项正确。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个学生，和我教的很多学生一样，相信她应该能够通过努力
训练来控制生活的结果。A. control 控制；B. change 改变；C. adjust 调整；D. celebrate 庆祝。上
文说这个明星运动员处于最佳的状态，她对自己在比赛中犯错自责不已，言外之意，她认为自
己努力训练就应该会得到好的结果，因此她相信通过自己的努力训练，她能够控制生活的结果，
故 A 项正确。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我研究并撰写了关于适应力的文章，我注意到，像这位运动
员这样的学生人数出现了令人不安的增长。A. amusing 逗乐的；B. inspiring 鼓舞人心的；C.
troubling 令人不安的；D. touching 感人的。像这位运动员这样的学生人数的增长是令人不安的，
故 C 项正确。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当他们没有达到他们想象的目标时，他们就会自责。A. apply
应用；B. approve 批准；C. appreciate 欣赏；D. accomplish 实现、达到。空前说当他们赢了的时候，他们会觉得自己很强大，很聪明，此处与之形成对比，说的是没有实现目标的时候他们的
心态，故 D 项正确。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们经常谈论年轻人在失败中挣扎，因为他们的父母保护他们
免受不适。A. disbelief 怀疑；B. disagreement 不一致；C. discovery 发现；D. discomfort 不适、
不安。根据空前的“their parents have protected them from”可知，这些在失败中挣扎的年轻人的父
母保护他们免受不适，故 D 项正确。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在最有优势的人当中，还有一些事情在起作用：如果他们
愿意为之努力，他们就能实现任何目标的错误承诺。A. bright 明亮的；B. false 错误的、虚假的；
C. general 普遍的；D. flexible 灵活的。根据上文提到的那个明星运动员的例子可知，认为凭借
努力就能实现目标的想法是错误的，故 B 项正确。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家将这一现象归因于“思维定势”研究的误用，研究发现，
表扬孩子的努力会提高学习成绩。A. virtue 美德；B. ability 能力；C. effort 努力；D. status 地位。
上文说的那个明星运动员认为凭借努力就应该实现目标，因此此处指“表扬孩子的努力”，故 C
项正确。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但 2018 年的一项分析发现，虽然赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会
使经济条件差的学生受益，但不一定对每个人都有帮助。A. originally 最初；B. obviously 明显
地；C. necessarily 必要地、必定地；D. regularly 有规律地。根据空前表示让步的 while 可知，
赞扬努力学习胜过能力不一定对每个人都有帮助，故 C 项正确。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种可能的解释来自妮娜·库马尔，她在去年的一篇研究论文中
指出，对于生活在富裕高压社区的青少年来说，最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力。A. choice 选
择；B. command 命令；C. display 显示；D. lack 缺乏。根据空后的“of motivation and perseverance
that is the big problem”可知，对于富裕设区的青少年来说最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力，故 D
项正确。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，是一种不健康的完美主义，当对成就的强烈追求超过了
极限时，他们很难在应该放弃的时候放手。A. instead 相反；B. Otherwise 否则；C. Therefore 因此；D. However 然而。空前说对于富裕设区的青少年来说最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力，此
处指出真正的问题所在，用 instead 引出，故 A 项正确。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这会导致身体和精神上的压力。A. result from 起因于；B. apply
for 申请；C. associate with 与……联系在一起；D. lead to 导致、引起。上文说最大的问题是不
健康的完美主义，此处说的是它的危害，即：会导致身体和精神上的双重压力，故 D 项正确。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在 2007 年的一项研究中，心理学家格雷戈里·米勒发现，拒
绝放弃不可能实现的目标的少女体内 CRP 水平升高，CRP 是一种蛋白质，可以作为与糖尿病、
心脏病和其他疾病相关的全身炎症的标志。A. immoral 不道德的；B. impersonal 客观的；C.
impossible 不可能的；D. impolite 不礼貌的。上文说当对成就的强烈追求超过了极限时，不健康
的完美主义让人们很难在应该放弃的时候放手，这说明它让人拒绝放弃不可能实现的目标，故
C 项正确。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们遭受歧视和不平等的经历教会他们接受那些目前在很大程
度上超出他们控制范围的改变。A. challenge 挑战；B. accept 接受；C. assess 评定；D. inquire 询
问。根据空前的“experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them”可知，他们遭受
歧视和不平等的经历教会他们接受那些在很大程度上超出他们控制范围的改变，故 B 项正确。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种文化教会了他们在别人面前的表现如何实际上比真正激励
他们的东西更重要，他们在哪里上大学比他们是什么样的人更重要。A. plainly 坦率地；B.
probably 可能地；C. immediately 立即；D. actually 实际上。根据空前的“we should all question a
culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what”可知，我们
都应该质疑这样一种文化——成功总是在他们掌控之中，这种文化教会了他们在别人面前的表
现如何实际上比真正激励他们的东西更重要，故 D 项正确。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该明智地提醒我们的孩子，生活总是在我们最不经意的
时候让我们失望。A. exhibit 展览；B. expect 期望、预料；C. establish 建立；D. recognize 认
出。根据空前的“life has a way of disappointing us when we least”可知，我们应该提醒孩子生活总
是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望，故 B 项正确。【点睛】
在完形填空的解题过程中，空前上下文出现的表示转折、因果、让步关系的词语往往是重要线
索，例如本篇第 8 空，根据空前的“while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically
disadvantaged students”可知，赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，特别是
根据 while 表示让步关系可知，因此说的是虽然赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的
学生受益，但不一定对每个人都有帮助，故 C 项（necessarily）正确。
语法填空：
36．in37．festivals38．is39．a40．is tied41．meaning42．where43．lessen44．that45．seriously
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍英国人的著名性格：幽默和诚实。
36．考查介词。in common“共同，共有”为固定短语。故填 in。
37．考查名词复数。festival 为可数名词, and 并列连接 traditions 和 festivals。故填 festivals。
38．考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，One characteristic 为本句的主语，为单数形式且句子
为一般现在时，所以 be 动词为 is，故填 is。
39．考查冠词。joke 为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指，且 well-known 首字母的发音为辅音音素，
所以用冠词 a 表示泛指。故填 a。
40．考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，why 引导的表语从句，主语 self-mockery，与谓语 tie 为
被动关系，且句子为一般现在时，故填 is tied。
41．考查现在分词。分析句子可知，it 与 mean 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填
meaning。
42．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，China 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以
关系副词为 where。故填 where。
43．考查情态动词用法。情态动词后接动词原形 lessen。故填 lessen。44．考查连接词。分析句子可知，本句为表语从句，从句句意和句子成分完整，所以连接词为
that。故填 that。
45．考查副词。seriously 为副词,修饰动词填空。take …seriously 认真对待…...。故填 seriously。
应用文范文：
46．Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive the novel. Thank you for such a lovely gift as I have been expecting for a
long time. This novel gives me some insights into American society and daily life.
I know you’re interested in Chinese culture, and therefore I choose some paper cuts for you.
Paper cuts are a unique form of Chinese culture, which are often used as decorations for a joyous
atmosphere. I hope they will bring happiness and luck to your family as they always do in China.
Best wishes. Hope you will come to China one day and experience the rich culture in person.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】
第 1 步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封书信：假定你是李华。你收到了美国朋友彼得寄来的最新
英文小说。请给他回信，要点如下：1.收到小说,表达谢意；2.回赠礼物及其意义；3.邀请来华。
第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：such a lovely gift as I have been expecting for a long
time（我期待了很久的可爱礼物）；Paper cuts are a unique form of Chinese culture（剪纸是中国
文化的一种独特形式）；in person（亲自）；等。
第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了
很高的驾驭英语的能力。Thank you for such a lovely gift as I have been expecting for a long time.句
中使用 as 引导的定语从句，且使用现在完成时态；Paper cuts are a unique form of Chinese
culture, which are often used as decorations for a joyous atmosphere.句中 which 引导非限制性定语
从句。
47．续写范文：
Paragraph 1
Finally, after struggling For a minute or two, I still got putted underwater. I told myself I
should never give up. Then I pulled the weed again with great efforts. The weed finally broke. I swam
back to the surface to take a deep breath. I saw two young men in canoes, racing each other. I was
exhausted and shouted for help. The two men saw me and raced towards me. By the time they reached
me, I had been already unconscious.
Paragraph 2
When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed. It was not until a doctor came into the
room that I realized that I was in a hospital. Jimmy and Bobby told me the two young men brought me
to the shore and sent me to the hospital. After a few minutes, my parents with half angry and half
worried faces walked in. My parents scolded me for running out of the house secretly but were also
glad that I was not seriously injured. I will never forget that terrifying experience. Neither will I ever
want to show off again.
【分析】
这是一篇读后续写。【详解】
前文提要：作者想取回被打到海里的排球，同时想炫耀自己的游泳技巧，结果被困在海里。作
者努力地漂浮在水面上，但没有用。“如果我听了我父母的话，这是永远不会发生的，”作者默
默地想。（1）第一段所给首句：Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled
underwater.这是一句转折句，接下来应该是作者不放弃，勇敢地游出水面，求救，无论从何角
度拓展，需注意与续写第二段首句呼应。
（2）第二段首句：When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed.这一句应该是转折句，
既然作者醒来，说明他已经被救，接下来应该是作者躺在医院里，一定是通知了他的家人，父
母来后一定会生气的，父母会责备他偷偷地跑出了房子，但也很高兴他没有受到严重的伤害。
作者永远不会忘记那可怕的经历。他也不想再炫耀自己了。
【点睛】
这是一篇续写。续写内容与前文衔接紧密，前后呼应，层次分明，句中使用高级句子。续写第
一段中：I told myself I should never give up.句中使用省略 that 的宾语从句； I saw two young
men in canoes, racing each other.句中现在分词作伴随状语； By the time they reached me, I had
been already unconscious.句中使用时间状语从句。续写第二段中：When I woke up, I was in an
empty room lying on a bed.句中 when 引导时间状语从句； It was not until a doctor came into the
room that I realized that I was in a hospital. 部分倒装句； My parents scolded me for running out of
the house secretly but were also glad that I was not seriously injured. I will never forget that terrifying
experience. 句中使用宾语从句；Neither will I ever want to show off again.否定词位于句首句子用
部分倒装。
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