Module 3 Journey to space
重点短语：
1. What are you up to? 你在干什么？
2. the latest news 最新消息
3. get information 获得信息
4. search for 寻找，搜索
5. in order to 为了
6. much 比较级 ...得多
7. on earth 在世界上，在人间，究竟，到底
8. communicate with sb 与某人交流
9. hundreds of 数以百计的
10. go around 绕着......走
11. billions of 数十亿的
12. take photos 拍照
13. send...to... 把...送到...
14. no problem 没问题
15. be far away（from) 离...远
16. go online 上网
17. search for 搜索
18. more than 超过；多余
19. look for 寻找
20. look like 看起来像
21. finish doing sth 做完某事
语法总结：
1. What are you up to? 你在忙什么？
Be up to 忙于做某事，口语用法。
2. I haven’t started yet because I’m not sure how to make it.我还没开始因为我不确定如何做。
It has already arrived . 它已经到达了。already 已经，用于现在完成时肯定句的句中。
yet 还没，尚未。用于现在完成时疑问句或否定句的句末。
疑问词（what/ when/ where/which/why/ how）+不定式 to do
3. That’s why it’s on the news. 这就是为什么它在新闻上播出。
that’s why+结果 那是为什么
that’s because+原因 那是因为
On the news 在新闻上
4. discover 发现已经存在但未知的事物
5. No one has been to Mars yet. 没人去过火星。
None of them has an environment like that of the earth.
没有一个有像地球一样的环境。
no one 没有一个人， 后加谓语动词单数。No one likes me.
none 没有，常与 of 连用，后加谓语动词单数或复数。None of them like me.
6. Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.
in order to do sth 为了做某事（表目的）
in order not to do sth 为了不做某事
We study hard in order to get good marks.
We study hard in order not to get bad marks.
7. How can I get information on space travel?
get information on 获得关于…的信息
8. hundreds of millions of hundred（百）、thousand（千）、million（百万）、billion（十亿），当它们前有数字，后面不加 s，
当前面没有数字，后面则加 s 和 of.
two hundred/thousand/million/billion
hundreds / thousands/millions/ billions of
9. reach ＋地点
arrive at＋小地点/in＋大地点 到达某地
get to ＋地点
当后面遇到 here/there/home 时，介词去掉。
We have reached/arrived/get here for one year.
10. How large is the universe? 多大
How long 问时间
how much 问价格
how far 问多远
How often 问频率，回答用 once/twice/three times.
How many 问数量，回答用数字。How many students? 36.
11. It is impossible to imagine.
It is/was + adj+ for sb+ to do sth 做…事情怎么样。
常见形容词：
impossible（不可能） difficult/hard（困难的） necessary（必要的）
important（重要的） awful（极其讨厌的）humourous（幽默的）
12. No spaceship has traveled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.没有宇宙飞船已经飞得足够远去到达我们银河系的其他恒星上。
adj+enough+to do sth 足够…去做某事
I am old enough to travel by myself.
13. Why has no one communicated with us? 为什么没人和我们交流？
communicate with sb 与某人交流
补充知识清单
make sth for sb 为某人制作某物 no problem 没问题
the latest news 最新消息 several months 几个月
in the space 在太空中 on the earth 在地球上
far away 遥远 go online 上网
search for information 寻找消息 any other planets 其他任何行星 go around 围绕...转 a small part
of 一小部分
the Milky Way 银河系 take photos 照相
大语法：
现在完成时（二）
1. 当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用 just, already
或 yet 加以强调或说明。例如：
I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。
Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。He has just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。
可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”， already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于 have
/ has 之后。在否定句中则可用 yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。
例如：
The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。
Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。
2. 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示
该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则
表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：
I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。
I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成
的。
3. 在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该
行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：
A: Where have you put my book? I can’t find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。
B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。
该对话中，当 A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但
是 B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：
A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？
B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。
对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。
习题
I. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
1．There are s______ books on the shelf．
2．There is the earth，the sun，the moon and many other stars in the u______．3．We are a______ on the island，but we don't feel lonely．
4．She's j______ eaten her lunch．
5．How do you change our e______?
6．We sent the i______ to the earth.
7．He's g______ to Beijing，so you can’t see him now．
II. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．We all know the earth ______(go)around the sun．
2．There are ______(billion)of stars in our galaxy．
3．My mother isn't at home．She ______(go)to Shanghai．So my father and I should take care of my old
grandma．
4．How large is the universe? No one ______(know)．
5．I have finished ______(read)the book.
III. 选择方框中的单词填空。
yet ever already for never
1. Have you______ been to New York?
2．I haven't been to New York______．But I'll go there this summer.
3．I don't believe your family has owned a truck ______ over 90 years.
4．My parents are _______ late for work. They always get up early.
5．He’s ______ told his parents about his plans．
IV. 句型转换。
1．He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese．(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) __________________________________________________
2. Mary has already visited the Summer Palace．(改为否定句)
_________________________________________________
3．I have learned hundreds of new words．(改为同义句)
I have learned ______ ______ new words．
4．I can’t run as quickly as my sister．(改为同义句)
My sister can run ______ ______ ______me．
5．They haven’t seen each other for years．(就划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______they seen each other?
V. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．很多航天员已经去过太空站。
A lot of ______ have ______ ______ ______ the space station.
2．他们都不知道保护环境。
______ of them know ______ ______ the ________.
3．我不可能同陌生人交谈。
It’s ______ for me ______ ______ ______ strangers．
4．宇宙飞船已经到达月球。
The ______ has ______ _______ the moon．
5．科学家们在月球上发现水了吗？
Have the ______ ______ water on the moon?
VI. 用 have／has been 或 have／has gone 填空1．—Where’s Jim?
—He ______ to Guilin．
2．I _____ to the West Lake．Look! I have taken many photos on it．
3．She _______ to the park；she will be back in two hours．
4．We _______ to the bookshop and bought many books．
5．I ______ to Hong Kong twice．
6．I _______ never _______ to the beach in Sanya．
7．The Blacks ______ just _______ to Chongqing．
I’m afraid you can’t see them．
VII. 单项选择。
1．______ he ______ to New York? If so, he can choose another city．
A．Did；travel B．Does；travel
C．Has；traveled D．Is；traveling
2．The two astronauts have ______ returned from the space station．
A．just B．just now C．yet D．still
3．What languages use the names of the planets ______ the days of the week?
A．of B．about C．for D．with
4．Have you finished ______ the novel?
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
5．He speaks English as ______ as I．
A．well B．good C．better D．best6．He asked me ______ it secret．
A．keeping B．to keep C．kept D．keeps
7．They have tried ______ water on the Mars．
A to find B．find C．found D．finds
8．______ Earth turns around ______ Sun．
A．An；a B．A；a C．The；the D．The；a
9．No one ______ told him to do so．
A．is B．was C．have D．has
10．My father ______ to Qingdao many times．
A has been B．has gone C．have D．goes
11．The old man lives ______，but he doesn't feel ______．
A．lonely；lonely B．alone；alone
C．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely
12．Kate couldn't ______ her bag anywhere.
A．discover B．find C．saw D．look for
13．Zhang Feng is a League member．He _______ the League since 3 years ago．
A．joined． B．joined in C．has been in D．has joined in
14．—Look at the sign．It says“No Parking”．
—________．
A. Sorry，I don’t see it B．That’s all right
C．That’s OK D．Sorry，I didn’t see it15．Hurry up! The film _______ for ten minutes．
A．was on B．started C．has been on D．has started
【真题链接】
1. —A nice car! Is it yours?
—No, it isn’t. I it from a friend of mine two days ago.
A. borrow B. have borrowed
C. will borrow D. borrowed
2. Next month we’re going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday .
A. will begin B. has begun
C. begins D. is beginning
3. —Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they?
—No. They _____to London on business.
A. have gone B. go C. have been D. will go
VIII. 补全对话。
A. Oh, here it comes.
B. It doesn’t matter.
C. I’m sorry for that.
D. What can I do for you?
David: Excuse me.
Waitress: Yes? 1
David: I ordered my dish half an hour ago, but I haven’t got it yet. Waitress: 2 I’m going to see if it’s ready.
(The waitress comes back from the kitchen. )
David: Sir, I’ve just checked with the kitchen and your food will come up next. 3 .
David: Thank you.
Waitress: Please enjoy your food. Again, I’m sorry that I have kept you waiting so long.
David: 4
1．_______ 2．_______ 3．_______ 4．_______
参考答案
I. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
1．several 2．universe 3．alone 4．just
5．environment 6．information 7．gone
II. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1.goes 2．billions 3．has gone 4．knows 5．reading
III. 选择方框中的单词填空。
1. ever 2. yet 3. for 4. never 5.already
IV. 句型转换。
1．Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese? Yes，he has．
2．Mary hasn’t visited the Summer Palace yet．
3．several hundred 4．more quickly than 5．How long haven't
V. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．Astronauts; already been to2．None; to protect, environment
3．impossible; to communicate with
4．spaceship; arrived on
5．scientists discovered
VI. 用 have/has been 或 have/has gone 填空。
1. has gone 2．have been 3．has gone 4．have been 5．have been 6. have; been 7. have; gone
VII. 单项选择。
1．C 【解析】根据下句的“choose another city ”可知上一句是问：他是否去纽约旅行过。
2．A 【解析】因为句子用了现在完成时，故只能选 A。yet 用于否定句及疑问句中；just now 一般
用于过去时中；still 不符合句意。
3．C 【解析】for 表示“为……”。
4．D 【解析】finish 后要跟动名词形式。
5．A 【解析】as...as 中间的形容词或副词要用原级，又因为修饰 speak，故填副词 well。
6．B 【解析】ask sb．to do sth．意为“叫某人做某事”。
7．A 【解析】try to do sth．意为“尽力做某事”。
8．C 【解析】世界上独一无二的事物前要加 the。
9．D 【解析】no one 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，又因为句子意义表主动，故选 D。
10．A 【解析】many times“很多次”，指动作反复发生过，故用 have been to。
11．D 【解析】alone 表示“单独”，而 lonely 含有不愉快之意，表示“孤独，寂寞”。
12．B 【解析】couldn’t 后跟动词原形，排除 C 项；此处强调找的结果，故用 find。
13．C 【解析】since 3 years ago 表示持续的状态，是现在完成时的标志；而 join，join in 都是瞬间
性动词，不可与时间段连用。故选 C。14．D 【解析】I didn’t see it 意为我刚才没看见。故选 D。
15．C 【解析】for ten minutes 表示持续的状态，是现在完成时的标志；而 start 是瞬间性动词，不可
与时间段连用。故选 C。
【真题链接】
1. D 【解析】borrow是动词原形，用于一般现在时；have borrowed是现在完成时的结构；will borrow
是一般将来时的结构；borrowed是过去式，用于一般过去时。句中two days ago“两天前”是一
般过去时的时间状语，故本句用一般过去时，选D。
2.C 【解析】由题干可知，本句是含有as soon as 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句，如果主句表
示将来，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。故选C。
3. A 【解析】句意：——本和苏不在家，是不是？——是的，他们去伦敦出差了。have gone 去了，
没有回来； go（经常）去；have been 去过，回来了；will go 要去。从句意可知：他们去伦
敦出差未回，故用 have gone to。选 A。
VIII. 补全对话。
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
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