江苏省南京市鼓楼区南师附中2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

2018--2019 学年度第二学期南京师大附中高一年级 期中考试英语试卷 第二部分：带向选择（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A,B,C,D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 1.The cash the company has recently received from the government is not enough to cover the debt ______. A. remained to pay B. remaining to be paid C. remaining to pay D. remained to be paid 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词作后置定语和动词不定式作表语。句意：该公司最近从政府获得的现金不足以支付 剩余的债务。此处 debt 和 remain 之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语，且 remain 是连系动词，意思是 “保持，使处于某种状态”，这里 debt 和 pay 之间是被动关系，是动词不定式一般式的被动式作表语，“仍然 处于被做的状态”。故选 B。 2.As long as there are still flames inside the museum, no one but member of the fire department ______ to go inside. A. is allowed B. has been allowed C. are allowed D. have been allowed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致和一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：只要博物馆里还有火焰，除了消防部门的人员 外，任何人都不准进入。此处是 as long as 引导的条件状语从句，从句用的是一般现在时态，主句指的是目 前的状况，且主句主语 no one 和 allow 之间是 be 被动关系，所以主句用一般现在时态的被动语态，再根据 主句主语要和 no one 保持一致，谓语动词是单数第三人称，故选 A。 3.—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A. no doubt B. no surprise C no way D. no need 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词组辨析。句意：——到了春天，母鸡又开始下蛋了，这给它们带来了蛋白质。——许 . 多文化都以鸡蛋来庆祝春天，这并不奇怪。A.no doubt 毫无疑问； B.no surprise 不惊讶；C. no way 没门；D. no need 不需要。固定句型：It is no doubt that…“毫无疑问……”；It is no surprise that…“不足为 奇……”；It is no way that…“那是不可能的……”；It is no need that…“没必要……”。结合句意，故选 B。 4.Good-looking women are ______ to be turned down for a job interview as unattractive ones, claims a study. A. twice as likely as B. as likely twice C. more than likely as D. more than twice as likely 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查倍数的表达。句意：一项研究表明，长得好看的女性在求职面试中被拒绝的可能性是长得不 好看的女性的两倍以上。固定搭配：be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”；倍数的表达：倍数+as +形容词或副 词+as……。所以排除 B，C 两项。句子中有 as unattractive ones，所以 A 选项被排除。故选 D。 5.The winds of the freedom were so powerful as to cause the citizens to _____ the king and bring him down. A. watch out for B. look down on C. put up with D. rise up against 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：自由之风如此强大，以致于公民起来反抗国王，把他打倒。A. watch out for 小心提防；B. look down on 轻视；C. put up with 忍受；D. rise up against 奋起反抗。此处指“反抗”国王。 故选 D。 6.Man had used metals for centuries in _____ increasing quantities but they did not come to be employed in vast quantities until the Industrial Revolution. A. extremely B. completely C. naturally D. gradually 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直在逐渐增加金属的使用量，但直到工业命， 金属才被大量使用。A. extremely 极其，非常；B. completely 完全地； C. naturally 自然地；D. gradually 自然 地。此处指“渐渐地”增加。故选 D。 7.Overcrowding in some hospitals has led to patients _____ in hallways. A. treated B. to treat C. being treated D. treating 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词作宾语。句意：一些医院过于拥挤，导致病人只能在走廊里接受治疗。固定词组：lead to 导致，其中 to 是介词，后面用名词、代词宾格或动名词作宾语。此处 patients“病人”和 treat 之间是被动关 系，所以这里用动名词一般式的被动式作宾语。故选 C。 8.Don't you hate _____when somebody shows up at a party wearing the same dress as you? A. him B. that C. it D. them 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查 it 的用法。句意：你难道不讨厌有人穿着和你一样的衣服出现在派对上吗?此处 it 是形式宾语， 后面的 when 引导的从句是真正宾语。故选 C。 9.Voluntary teaching is a difficult and stressful job but one ____ you can really help children in rural areas. A. that B. where C. which D. who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：支教是一项困难而有压力的工作，但是你可以真正帮助农村地区的孩子。 此处 one 指 job，是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故选 B。 【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先 行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为 one，再分析先行词 one 在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词 one 带到从句中可知，只能作地点状语，故确定关系词 where。 10.—Did Peter fix the computer himself? —No. He______, because he does not know much about ocmputers. A. had it fixed B. has fixed it C. has it fixed D. fixed it 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：——彼得自己修的电脑吗?——不。他请人修好了，因 为他对电脑懂得不多。结合句意可知句子用一般过去时态，且固定结构 have +宾语+宾语补足语（过去分 词），句中 it 和 fix 之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语，故选 A。 11.If I don't laugh, I have to cry. Maybe this is _____at many funeral people share funny stories about the person who has just died. A. why B. how C. because D. when 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如果我不笑，我就得哭。也许这就是为什么在许多葬礼上人们会分享关于 刚死去的人的有趣故事。此处 be 动词后面是 why 引导的表语从句。故选 A。 12.Training of the employees was suggested as one _____ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency. A. method B. way C. approach D. means 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工培训被认为是解决效率低下问题的一种方法。A. method 方法；B. way 方法，道路；C. approach 方法，方式，接近；D. means 手段，方法。固定搭配：approach to…“.…..的方 法”。故选 C。 13.—I have studies gardening as one of my hobbies. Could I make some suggestions? —_____. A. Don't mention it B. Go right ahead C. Take it easy D. You will make it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我的爱好之一是研究园艺。我能提些建议吗?——请便。A. Don't mention it 不用谢；B. Go right ahead 一直往前走，说下去，请便；C. Take it easy 别紧张；D. You will make it 你一定 会成功的。结合句意，故选 B。 14.In developing countries, energy can be used wastefully by _______ has the money to use it, while poorer and less powerful go without. A. who B. which C. whoever D. whomever 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在发展中国家，谁有钱，谁就可以浪费能源，而穷人和弱势群体则得不到 能源。介词 by 后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，也没有主语，who 仅指单个人，whoever“无论谁”，范围 大。结合句意，故选 C。 15.—Will you go to Mary’s birthday party? —No. _____ invited, I cannot go to it. I will be very busy then. A Only if B. Now that C. As though D. Even though 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查从属连词辨析。句意：——你会去参加玛丽的生日聚会吗?——我那时将很忙，即使她邀请我， 我也不会去的。A. Only if 只要……就；B. Now that 既然； C. As though 好像；D. Even though 即使。此处是 Even though 引导的状语从句的省略，省略了相同的主语 I 和 am。故选 D。 第三部分：完形填空（共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项 A,B,C,D 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Whenever you are travelling and have the good fortune to arrive at your destination in one piece, I think that you have to tell people your trip was fine. I had a _____16_____ trip last week. I went an hour north to a speaking engagement. Fifteen minutes out of town my car began to shake. The ____17____ began flashing wildly. ___18___, I had several friends who lived not far from the next exit. I ____19____ one and asked if I could borrow her car. I went straight to my friend’s place and left my car ____20____, now shaking like a wild bull, then headed back. I was behind ____21____, which was why I may have ___22___ the speed limit passing a motorcycle. Once I had slowly driven through several miles of construction, traffic began to sail until we came the trucks with flashing lights _____23_____ traffic. Workers were removing a deer that was no longer ____24____ us. And a second. And a third. After a brief moment of _____25_____ for the deer, traffic got back to speed. Then dark clouds came. They were the kind of clouds that make tornadoes（龙卷风）. Rain fell heavily. Traffic slowed right down and came to a complete ____26____. . I was thinking how to ____27____ my apology for being late ____28____ the hail（冰雹）began. It was so dark I could _____29_____ see. Thank goodness for the _____30_____. It was killer hail, the kind that blows out windshields（挡风玻璃）. I could not decide whether to _____31_____ my eyes or look to see what was happening around me. Open eyes! No, close! Open! Close!Open! Close! The hail ended, the _____32_____ was still there, and the traffic started again. Then the cloud came back and dumped all five Great Lakes on us. Stopped again. Waiting for the second rain to _____33_____, I programmed my destination into Google maps. As they closed the ______34______ highway, I took my exit and headed to my destination. I arrived at my destination late, wide-eyed and in a mess, but in one _____35_____. ‘How was your trip?’ ‘Fine, thank you. Just fine.’ 16. A. fine B. pleasant C. wild D. hard 17. A. wheel B. light C. door D. window 18. A. However B. Thus C. Unluckily D. Fortunately 19. A. called B. attracted C. visited D. met 20. A. behind B. out C. alone D. off 21. A. meeting B. arrangement C. schedule D. plan 22. A. set B. broken C. increased D. reduced 23. A. blocking B. clearing C. guiding D. monitoring 24. A. beside B. against C. with D. for 25. A. terror B. surprise C. silence D. relief 26. A. stop B. mess C. pause D. end 27. A. defend B. argue C. explain D. word 28. A. as B. when C. while D. after 29. A. really B. probably C. seldom D. hardly 30. A. lightning B. hail C. thunder D. sun 31. A. open B. cover C. lower D. lift 32. A. vehicle B. brake C. windshield D. engine 33. A. arrive B. pass C. pour D. continue 34. A. flooded B. crowed C. buried D. frozen 35. A. sense B. part C. day D. piece 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。无论什么时候，当你旅行并且幸运地毫发无损地到达目的地时，我认为你必须告诉人们 你的旅行很好。文章叙述了作者的一次旅游经历。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我上周的旅行很愉快。A. fine 好的；B. pleasant 令人愉快的；C. wild 野生的， 狂热的；D. hard 努力的。根据第一段最后一句 I think that you have to tell people your trip was fine.可知，旅行 是“愉快的”。故选 A。 【17 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：灯光开始疯狂地闪烁。 A. wheel 车轮；B. light 光，光线；C. door 门；D. window 窗户。根据第 2 空后的 flashing wildly 可知，此处 指“灯光”闪烁。故选 B。 【18 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我有几个朋友就住在离下一个出口不远的地方。A. However 然而； B. Thus 因此；C. Unluckily 不幸地；D. Fortunately 幸运地。根据第 3 空后的 several friends who lived not far from the next exit 可知，这是“幸运地”。故选 D。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我给其中一个打电话，问她我能不能借她的车一用。A. called 叫喊，打电话； B. attracted 吸引；C. visited 访问；D. met 遇见。根据第 4 空后 asked if I could borrow her car.可知，给其中一 个朋友“打电话”。故选 A。 【20 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我径直去了朋友家，把车留在了那里，像一头野公牛一样不停地摇晃着，然后 往回走。A. behind 在……后面；B. out 从里面出去；C. alone 独自的；D. off 远离。根据第 5 空后的 now shaking like a wild bull, then headed back 可知，把车留在“后面”。故选 A。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的进度落后了，这就是我超过摩托车限速的原因。 A. meeting 会议；B. arrangement 安排；C. schedule 日程安排；D. plan 计划。根据第 7 空后的 the speed limit passing a motorcycle. 可知，作者按照原来的日程安排落后了。所以作者超速了。plan 指计划（非具体的），schedule 是日程安排。 故选 C。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的进度落后了，这就是我超过摩托车限速的原因。A. set 放置；B. broken 打破； C. increased 增长；D. reduced 减少。根据第 7 空后的 the speed limit passing a motorcycle.可知，作者超过了限 速。故选 B。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我慢慢地开过几英里的建筑工地后，交通开始顺畅起来，这时一辆闪着灯的 卡车挡住了交通。A. blocking 阻塞；B. clearing 清理；C. guiding 指导；D. monitoring 监视。根据第 8 空后的 traffic. Workers were removing a deer 可知，“阻挡”了交通。故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：工作人员正在驱赶阻碍我们交通的鹿。A. beside 在……旁边；B. against 反对； C. with 和……在一起；D. for 为了。此处指鹿不应该和我们一起出现在道路上，也就是它们阻碍了交通。故 选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在对鹿短暂的恐慌之后，交通恢复了正常。A. terror 恐慌；B. surprise 惊奇；C. silence 沉默；D. relief 安慰。由上文可知，鹿阻碍了交通，所以造成了恐慌。故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：交通马上慢了下来，完全停了下来。A. stop 停止；B. mess 混乱；C. pause 暂停； D. end 结束。根据第 11 空前的 Rain fell heavily. Traffic slowed right down and came to a complete 可知，交通停 了下来。故选 A。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在想因迟到该怎样道歉时这时候下起了冰雹。A. defend 保卫，辩护；B. argue 辩论；C. explain 解释；D. word 用言辞表达。根据第 12 空后的 my apology for being late 可知，此处表示“用 语言表达”。故选 D。 【28 题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：我在想因迟到该怎样道歉时这时候下起了冰雹。A. as 由于；B. when 那是；C. while 在……期间；D. after 在……之后。固定句型：sb was/were doing sth. when…，“正在做某事，这时候……”,该 句型中 when 是并列连词“这时候”，while 没有此意。故选 B。 【29 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：天太黑了，我几乎看不见。A. really 真正地；B. probably 很可能；C. seldom 很少， 难得；D. hardly 几乎不。根据第 14 空前的 It was so dark 可知，此处指“几乎”看不见。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地有闪电。A. lightning 闪电；B. hail 冰雹；C. thunder 雷；D. sun 太阳。 根据第 16 空后的 my eyes or look to see what was happening around me.可知，此处指在“打闪”。故选 A。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法决定是闭上眼睛还是看看周围发生了什么。A. open 打开；B. cover 覆盖； C. lower 减低；D. lift 举起。根据第 16 空后的 or look to see what was happening around me.可知，是否“闭上” 眼睛。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：冰雹停了，挡风玻璃还在，交通又恢复了正常。A. vehicle 车辆，工具；B. brake 刹车；C. windshield 挡风玻璃；D. engine 引擎，发动机。根据第 15 空后的 blows out windshields（挡风玻 璃）.可知，此处指“挡风玻璃”还在。故选 C。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：等着第二场雨过去，我把我的目的地设置成谷歌地图。A. arrive 到达；B. pass 通 过；C. pour 倾倒；D. continue 继续。根据第 18 空前的 Waiting for the second rain 可知，第二场雨“过后”。故 选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们关闭被洪水淹没的高速公路时，我选择了高速公路的其它出口，前往 目的地。A. flooded 被水淹没的；B. crowed 拥挤的；C. buried 埋葬的；D. frozen 冻结的。高速公路被洪水淹 没是由于上文的大雨和冰雹导致。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我到达目的地时已经很晚了，眼睛睁得大大的，一片混乱，但我安然无恙。A. sense 感知；B. part 部分；C. day 白天；D. piece 块，件。根据第一段 to arrive at your destination in one piece 可知， 此处指“安然无恙”。in piece“安然无恙”，故选 D。 第四部分：阅读理解（共 14 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 21 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A,B,C,D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。 A Revolutionary TV ears TV ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume and now it is better and more affordable then ever! With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners head the television at a volume level that is comfortable for them. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute（静音） if the situation calls for a quiet envireontment—maybe the baby is sleeping. Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame. TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset. This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. That is why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists（听觉学家）nationwide as well as world-famous doctors. Doctor Recommended TV Ears! “My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television. As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss. ” --Robert Forbes, M.D., CA “Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level. TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on! He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.” --Darlene & Jack B, CA Risk Free Trial! TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial. Special Offer—Now $59.95 If you are not satisfied, return it. Money-back guarantee! Call now! 800-123-7832 36. What do we know about TV Ears? A. Doctors treat deadness with it. B. Only people with hearing loss can use it. C. It has a new ear tip to reduce noise outside. D. People can get one for free from the company. 37. This advertisement makes itself more convincing by ________. A. providing the number of buyers. B. using people’s recommendations C. offering reasons for this invention D. showing the results of experiemtns 【答案】36. C 37. B 【解析】 本文是一个广告，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍的是一个全新的“电视耳机”的一些相关信息和它的功能 以及优点。 【36 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable.“这个耳塞可以减少外界噪音，使电视对话清晰易懂。”可知，TV Ears 有一个新的耳塞来减少 外部的噪音。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中方框中的 I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss. 我极力向听力正常和听力受损的人推荐电视耳机。以及 He can once again hear and understand the dialogue. 他可以再次听到和理解对白。可知，这个广告通过人们的推荐，使其更有说服力。 故选 B。 B One feature of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to push into new territory （领域）. Those with staying power, however, have mastered an often-ignored factor that allows them to focus on the future: empathy（共情）. While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others is the force that moves business forward. Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept a traditional workplace—competitive, the reality is that for business leaders to experience success, they need to not just see or hear the activity around them, but also relate to the people around. Some may think they can achieve their goals without much thought for other people. This attitude works for some, but at some point-often sooner rather than later—everyone needs to depend on their relationships and build personal and professional connections. Successful people do not operate alone; each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us forward our goals. Effectively understanding empathy involves regarding it as each person’s connection to the people and marketplace. A biological principle（原理） known as co-evolution （共同进化）explains that the adaptation of an organism （有机体）is caused by the change of a related object. Similarly, business and their leaders participate in co-evolution-type relationships. Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt, build on the strengths around them, and relate to their environment. When businesses fail, it is often because leaders have stopped focusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations. To develop an effective workforce, we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are. This can be uncomfortable, particularly when you feel like your position makes more sense or offers a better solution. A significant part of developing empathy, however, is learning to understand, respect and adopt another person’s point of view rather forcing your own. 38. The author thinks that to achieve success, a company must ________. A. frequently develop in new areas B. always stay powerful enough C. focus on its future development D. have thought for its employees 39. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Never giving up is the key to success B. Few business leaders experience success C. Support from others helps people achieve goals D. Competitive seldom exists in traditional workplaces. 40. Which of the following is the best example of co-evolution principle? A. The principal is good at judging teachers’ points of view. B. The CEO allows the engineers full freedom to choose their working hours. C. The boss ignores the fact that his employees’ salary is below the average. D. The manager refuses to reduce production despite the falling market demand. 【答案】38. D 39. C 40. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了共情与企业成功的关系。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第一句 I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others is the force that moves business forward.“我确信，与他人建立联系和联系的能力是推动业务向前发展的力量。”可知， 作者认为，一个公司要取得成功，就必须为员工着想。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 推理判断。根据文章第三段中 Successful people do not operate alone; each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us forward our goals.“成功人士不是孤军奋战;我们每个人都需要他人的支持才 能取得积极的成果，从而推动我们实现目标。”由此判断出，来自他人的支持帮助人们实现目标。故选 C。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了共情策略与企业发展的关系。根据文章第一段最后一句 While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others is the force that moves business forward.“虽然 这可能会让许多人感到惊讶，但我确信，与他人联系和建立关系的能力是推动业务向前发展的力量。”和最 后一段第一句 To develop an effective workforce, we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are.“为 了发展一支有效的劳动力队伍，我们必须愿意做出让步，满足人们的需求。”由此判断出，“首席执行官允 许工程师完全自由地选择工作时间”是是共同进化原则的最好例子。故选 B。 C The term "dark tourism" is far newer than the practice, which long existed before Pompeii became a dark attraction. Dr. Philip Stone, perhaps the world’s leading expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum as one of the first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18th century, the appeal was crueler still in central London, where people paid money to watch mass hangings. Pies would be sold at the site, which was where Marble Arch（大理石拱门）stands today. It was only in 1996 that "dark tourism"entered the scholarly vocabulary when two professors in Glasgow applied it while looking at sites related to the murder of John F. Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism give plenty of reasons for the growing phenomenon（现象）, including raised awareness of it as a recognizable thing. Access to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap air travel. It is hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memoir and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year without its nearness to Krakow’s international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a widely travelled dark tourist based in Vienna, also points to the sharp rise in off-the-beaten-track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks. "A lot of people don't want mainstream （主流） tourism and that often means visiting places that have a more recent history than, say, a Roman ruin." he says. You go to Sarajevo and most people remember the war being in the news, so it feels closer to one’s own biography(传记).’ Hohenhaus is also a fan of "beauty in decay(腐朽)," the current cultural movement in which urban ruins have become subject matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts. The combination with death is clear. "I have always been drawn to ruined thing," the 54-year-old says. But while, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is educational, the example of Grenfell Tower( a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths) suggests the unease felt at some sites. "I remember the Lonely Planet Bluelist book had a chapter about dark tourism a while ago and one of the rules was ‘don't go back to early."Hohenhaus says." I will be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close. I can see the attraction. But I would not stand in the street taking a selfie merrily." 41. "Dark tourism"is tourism involving travelling to places ______________. A. difficult to reach in ancient times B. with a history before human civilization C. historically related to death and sad events D. famous for cruel but exciting sports in Europe 42. Which is one of the reasons for the development of dark tourism? A. More scholars have begun to study it as a subject. B. People have become rich enough to afford to travel around. C. Lots of people are more satisfied with ordinary tourist destinations. D. People have realized the significance of environmentally-friendly tourism. 43. The underlined word "unease" in Paragraph 3 implies that tourist may feel _____ at dark tourism sites. A. uncomfortable B. relaxed C. dissatisfied D. happy 44. Which of the following best serves as the tile of this passage? A. Features of dark tourism B. Proper attitudes to dark tourism C. List of dark tourism sites D. Growing popularity of dark tourism 【答案】41. C 42. C 43. A 44. D 【解析】 本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了什么是“黑暗旅游”及其流行的原因。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中 The term “dark tourism” is far newer than the practice, which long existed before Pompeii became a dark attraction. Dr. Philip Stone, perhaps the world’s leading expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum as one of the first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport.“黑暗旅游”这个术语比庞贝古城成为黑暗景点之前的实践要新得多。菲利普·斯通博士或许是世界上黑 暗旅游领域的顶尖专家，他认为罗马斗兽场是最早的黑暗旅游景点之一。在那里，人们长途跋涉，将死亡 视为一种消遣。”可推知，“黑暗旅游”是到涉及到历史上与死亡和悲剧有关的地方参观的旅游。故选 C。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 A lot of people don't want mainstream tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history than, say, a Roman ruin.“很多人都不想要主流的旅游，这就意味着想要去 一些比罗马废墟历史更近的地方”，可知当人们不再满足于普通的旅游目的地时，黑色旅游就出现了。故选 C。 【43 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的 I'll be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close. I can see the attraction. But I would not stand in the street taking a selfie(自拍)merrily.“我很想近距离看看格伦费尔塔。我能看到它的吸引力。 但我不会高兴地站在街上自拍。”可推知，划线词的意思是“不舒服，不自在”。故选 A。 【44 题详解】 标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍“黑暗旅游”是到涉及到历史上与死亡和悲剧有关的地方参观的旅 游及其流行的原因。因此，D 项 Growing popularity of dark tourism“黑色旅游越来越流行”适合做本文最佳标 题。故选 D。 D One sunny afternoon in the autumn of the year 1861, a soldier lay in bushes by the side of a road in western Virginia, America. He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head upon his left forearm. His right hand loosely grasped his gun. But for the slight rhythmic movement of his back, he might have been thought to be dead. He was asleep at his post of duty. But if found, he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the legal punishment for his crime. The sleeping soldier was a young Virginian named Carter Druse. He was the son of wealthy parents, an old child. His home was but a few miles from where he now lay. One morning he rose from the breakfast table and said seriously:’ Father, the Union army has arrived at Graton. I am going to join it. ‘ The father lifted his head, looked at his son a moment in silence, and replied,’ Go Carter, and whatever may occur, do what you consider to be your duty. Virginia, which you betray, must get on without you. If we both live to the end of the war, we will speak further of the matter.’ So Carter Druse, bowed to his father and left the home of his childhood. His bravery won him his selection for his present duty at the extreme post. Nevertheless, he fell asleep, exhausted. What good or bad angel came in a dream to awake him from his state of crime, who shall say? He quietly raised his forehead from his arm and looked between the bushes. His first feeling was a great artistic delight. On the cliff(悬崖) was a man sitting on a horse, straight and soldierly. The face of the rider turned slightly away; he was looking downward to the bottom of the valley. Fully awake and keenly alive now, Druse cautiously (谨慎地) pushed the gun forward through the bushes and covered a spot of horseman’s breast. A touch upon the trigger(扳机) and all would have bene well with Druse. At that moment, the horseman turned and looked in his direction—seemed to look into his very face, into his eyes, into his brave heart. Druse grew pale; his whole body shook. His hand fell away from his weapon, and his head slowly dropped until his face rested on the leaves. The duty of the soldier was clear—the man must be shot dead. But no –there is a hope; he may have discovered nothing—perhaps he is but admiring the beauty of the landscape. Druse looked downward. He saw some foolish soldiers watering their horses in the open! Druse fixed his eyes again upon the group of man and horse in the sky, and again it was through the sights of his gun. But this time his aim was at the horse. In his memory rang the words of his father,’ Whatever may occur, do what you consider to be your duty.’ He fired. Ten minutes had passed when a Federal officer came to him cautiously. ‘Did you fire?’ the officer whispered. ‘ Yes.’ ‘ At what?’ ‘A horse. It was standing on the rock. You see it is no longer there. It went over the cliff.’ ‘ The soldier’s face was white but he showed no other sign of emotion. Having answered, he turned away his eyes and said no more. The officer did not understand. ‘See here, Druse,’ he said, ‘ It is no use making a mystery. I order you to report. Was there anybody on the horse?’ ‘Yes.’ ‘Well?’ ‘My father.’ 45. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. The soldier was thought to be dead. B. The soldier was watching attentively. C. The soldier was punished for his crime. D. The soldier was sleeping on his duty. 46. What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. The father discouraged the son. B. The son decided to fight for his belief. C. Both the son and the father survived the war. D. The son was sent abroad to fight for the country. , 47. Which of the following best shows the struggle in the soldier’s mind? A. His first feeling was a great artistic delight. B. His head slowly dropped until his face rested on the leaves. C. He saw some foolish soldiers watering their horses in the open! D. Having answered, he turned away his eyes and said no more. 48. Why did Carter Druse fire in the end? A. He did hit duty. B. He was cold-blooded. C. He recognized the horse rider. D. He pulled the trigger by accident. 49. The writer wrote this story mainly to show ____. A. the greatness of a father B. the growth of a soldier C. the cruelty of the war D. the wisdom of an officer 【答案】45. D 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. C 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了富家子弟 Carter Druse 在父亲的同意下参加了联邦军队并忠于职守的故事。 【45 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 He was asleep at his post of duty.“他在工作岗位上睡着了。”可知，这位士兵执 勤时睡着了。故选 D。 【46 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 Father, the Union army has arrived at Graton. I am going to join it. “父亲，联邦军 队已经到达格拉顿了。我要加入它。”可知，儿子要参加联邦军队；再结合第三段中的 Go Carter, and whatever may occur, do what you consider to be your duty. Virginia, which you betray, must get on without you.“去卡特，不 管发生什么事，做你认为是你的职责。维吉尼亚，你背叛了她，没有你也得活下去。”可知，父亲鼓励儿子 为信念而战斗。由此可知判断，儿子决定为自己的信念而战斗。故选 B。 【47 题详解】 细节理解题。根据句第七段中 His hand fell away from his weapon, and his head slowly dropped until his face rested on the leaves.“他的手离开了他的武器，他的头慢慢地垂下来，直到他的脸落在树叶上。”由此可知，“他 的头慢慢地垂下来，直到他的脸落在树叶上。” 最能反映士兵内心的挣扎。故选 B。 【48 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第九段最后一句 In his memory rang the words of his father,“Whatever may occur, do what you consider to be your duty.” 在他的记忆中响起了他父亲的话:“无论发生什么事，做你认为是你的职责。”可知， 在他犹豫着是否扣动扳机时，他想起了父亲的话：无论发生什么事情，都要履行自己的职责。据此可知， 儿子最终开枪的原因是履行自己的职责。故选 A。 【49 题详解】 写作意图题。阅读全文可知，文章描写了战争中儿子在杀死父亲的这个过程中的痛苦与挣扎；儿子为尽士 兵的职责不得不向父亲开枪，亲手杀死了自己的父亲。由此判断出，作者想要通过这个故事告诉读者战争 的残酷。故选 C。 第五部分：七选五阅读（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。E=A+B（同时涂 A 和 B）;F=A+C；G=A+D A strong vocabulary helps develop understanding, communication, and reading ability. ___50___ Consider the following tips on helping your child develop an impressive vocabulary. Let Your Child Tell the Story Perhaps you read nightly to your child or take turns doing so. Of course, this is an excellent way to expand reading and vocabulary skills. ___51___. Then, let your child charge the end of the rope of his imagination wherever his imagination leads. ____52____ You need to take active role. If you want your children’s language skills to improve, take their vocabulary questions seriously. When they express curiosity about a word, be sure to teach the correct definition and pronunciation. Correct Mistakes with Care ___53___ However, it is essential not to scold them when they make such mistakes. Rather, point out what they got right, and then review the proper way to use then speak the word. The more fun and positive an experience, the more interested and able your children will be in expanding their vocabulary. Do Be Patient You may need to repeat words and meanings many times before your child fully grasps the concept. This is completely normal. ___54___ Children develop at their own paces. The most important thing is to honor and balance their needs so that learning does not become a struggle. While you want them to get ahead, you do not want them to develop pressure with trying to do so. A. Try Your Best to Correct Them B. Pay More Attention to Your Kid’s Vocabulary C. It is natural for children to mispronounce or misuse new words. D. It is important for children to mispronounce new words while learning. E. That is why parents should do what they can do help kids learn new words. F. Further, if your neighbor’s child has twice the vocabulary yours does, it is not worth stressing over. G. However, on occasion, feel free to put the book down and ask your child to create a story to tell you. 【答案】50. E 51. G 52. B 53. C 54. F 【解析】 本文属于教育类短文，主要介绍了对增加孩子词汇量的几点建议：1、让你的孩子讲故事；2、你要多多注 意孩子的词汇量；3、小心纠正错误；4、对孩子耐心点。 【50 题详解】 根据上文 A strong vocabulary helps develop understanding, communication, and reading ability.．“丰富的词汇有 助于提高理解、交流和阅读能力”。E 项，That's why parents should do what they can to help kids learn new words．（这就是为什么父母应该尽其所能帮助孩子学习新单词。）切题。是对上文的解释。故选 E。 【51 题详解】 根据下文 Then，let your child charge the end of the rope of his imagination wherever his imagination leads．“然后， 让你的孩子把想象力的绳索的一端拴在他的想象力所通向的任何地方。”可知是让你的孩子运用自己的想 象力来创造自己的故事。G 项，However，on occasion，feel free to put the book down and ask your child to create a story to tell you．（然而有时，可以把书放下，叫你的孩子创造一个故事来讲给你听。）切题。承接下文。故 选 G。 【52 题详解】 根据下文 If you want your children's language skills to improve，take their vocabulary questions seriously．“如果 你想提高你孩子的语言技能，请认真对待他们的词汇问题。”可知如果你希望你孩子的语言技能有所提高， 就应认真对待他们词汇问题。B 项，Pay More Attention to Your Kid’s Vocabulary.（多注意孩子的词汇量）切 题。为段落的小标题。故选 B。 【53 题详解】 根据下文 it's essential not to scold them when they make such mistakes．“当他们犯这样的错误时，不要责骂他们 是很重要的。”可知，当他们犯这样的错误时，不要责备他们。C 项，It's natural for children to mispronounce or misuse new words．（孩子发错音或误用新词是很正常的。）切题。承接下文。故选 C。 【54 题详解】 根据下文 Children develop at their own paces．可知孩子有自己发展的速度，不应该因为别的孩子发展的较快 而有压力，F 项，Further，if your neighbor's child has twice the vocabulary yours does，it's not worth stressing over．（此外，如果你邻居的孩子掌握的词汇量是你孩子的两倍，那就不值得为之烦恼了。）切题。承接下文。 故选 F。 第二卷（共 29 分） 第一部分 阅读下列句子并根据所给的首字母用适当的单词填空。 55. With parents a_______ importance to art education, the museum has decided to provide free admission to all the students in the city. 56. It is true what they say: once b____, twice shy; centuries of fear has led us to be not as open-minded as we might be. 57. The Titanic turned just in time, n_____ missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. 58. Biologists have been p____ for years about why flowers suddenly burst out everywhere on the same day, as if they were in tune with one another. 59. U_____ people, who always mix love and hate, dogs love their friends and bite their enemies. 60. Three years after the t____, new evidence proved he was innocent and he was later set free from prison. 61. In some areas, owning how many cows and sheep determines whether a family is w____ or poor. 62. F_____ in 1694, the Bank of England was the world’s first central bank. 63. During the Second World War, over three million people f______ their villages to safer areas. 64. Such mental poisons as violent video games have been seriously c_____ adolescents’’ minds and leading them to break laws. 65. It is important for readers to make a d_______ between facts and opinions. 66. The foreign teacher usually s______ his language so that his students can understand him better. 67. The campus c________ store is a place where many students enjoy a snack and chat. However, it will soon become a thing of the past. 68. She felt that most of what she learned at college was of no p_____ use, so she improved herself by participating in social activities. 69. She stood there, h_____ over whether or not to tell him the truth. 70. The flavor（风味）in food is in fact a m____of taste and smell, which is why food seems to lose its taste when the nose is blocked during a cold. 71. Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the l______ is due to the former. 72. R______ some of the fats in your diet with vegetables can provide a balanced diet. 73. Harry found himself at the c_____ of his career when he had to decide between staying in business and entering politics. 74. Progress so far has been very good. We are, t_____, confident that the work will be completed on time. 【答案】55. attaching 56. bitten 57. narrowly 58. puzzled 59. Unlike 60. trial 61. wealthy 62. Founded 63. fled 64. corrupting 65. distinction 66. simplifies 67. convenience 68. practical 69. hesitating 70. mixture 71. latter 72. Replacing 73. crossroads 74. therefore 【解析】 【55 题详解】 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意：随着家长对艺术教育的重视，博物馆决定向全市所有学生免费开放。 这里是 with 的独立主格结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，固定搭配 attach importance to“重视”，句中 parents 和 attach 之间是主动关系，是现在分词作宾语补足语，再结合句意和首字母可知此处填 attaching。 【56 题详解】 考查过去分词作状语。句意：俗话说得好:一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳;几个世纪的恐惧让我们变得不那么开放。 这里是一条谚语 once bitten , twice shy“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”。该谚语中是过去分词作状语。再结合句 意和首字母可知此处填 bitten。 【57 题详解】 考查副词。句意：“泰坦尼克”号及时掉头，紧贴着高出海面 100 多英尺的巨大冰墙擦过去。该句中 missing 是现在分词，由副词修饰，结合句意和首字母此处应该用副词 narrowly“勉强地，狭窄地”。故填 narrowly。 【58 题详解】 考查现在完成时态的被动语态。句意：多年来，生物学家们一直困惑不解，为什么在同一天鲜花会突然遍 地开花，仿佛它们彼此协调一致。此处是现在完成时态的被动语态，结合句意和首字母此处应该用 puzzle“困 惑”的过去分词。故填 puzzled。 【59 题详解】 考查介词。句意：与爱恨交加的人不同，狗爱护它们的朋友，咬他们的敌人。结合句意和首字母可知此处 用介词 unlike“和……不同，不像”。故填 Unlike。 【60 题详解】 考查名词。句意：审判三年后，新的证据证明他是无辜的，他后来被释放出狱。定冠词 the 用在名词前面， 再结合句意和首字母可知此处用 trial“试验”。故填 trial。 【61 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在一些地区，拥有多少牛羊决定了一个家庭是富裕还是贫穷。此处 be 动词后面用形容 词词作表语，再结合句意和首字母可知此处用形容词 wealthy“富有的”。故填 wealthy。 【62 题详解】 考查过去分词作状语。句意：英国银行成立于 1694 年，是世界上第一个中央银行。银行和成立之间是一种 被动关系，结合句意和首字母可知此处用 found 的过去分词作状语。故填 Founded。 【63 题详解】 考查一般过去时态。句意：在第二次世界大战期间，300 多万人逃离他们的村庄到比较安全的地区。根据 During the Second World War 可知句子用一般过去时态，再结合句意和首字母此处用动词 flee“逃跑”的过去 式 fled。故填 fled。 【64 题详解】 考查现在完成进行时态。句意：暴力电子游戏等精神毒害已严重腐蚀青少年的思想，导致他们违法。此处 表示“一直在”腐蚀青少年的思想，强调动作的进行，所以句子用现在完成进行时态。结合句意和首字母可知 此处用 corrupt“使腐烂”的现在分词 corrupting。故填 corrupting。 【65 题详解】 考查名词。句意：对读者来说，分清事实和观点是很重要的。不定冠词 a 用在名词前面，结合句意和首字 母可知此处用名词 distinction“区别，差别”。故填 distinction。 【66 题详解】 考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意：那位外籍教师通常简化他的语言，以便他的学生能更好地理解他。 根据 usually 可知句子用一般现在时态，且句子主语是 teacher，单数第三人称，再根据经句意和首字母此处 应该用 simplify 的第三人称单数形式。故填 simplifies。 【67 题详解】 考查名词。句意：校园便利店是许多学生享受小吃和聊天的地方。然而，它很快就会成为历史。此处是名 词作定语修饰名词，再结合句意和首字母应该填名词 convenience“方便”。故填 convenience。 【68 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她觉得自己在大学所学的大部分知识都没有什么实际用处，所以她通过参加社会活动 来提高自己。此处 use 是名词，由形容词修饰，再结合句意和首字母可知此处用形容词 practical“切合实际 的”。故填 practical。 【69 题详解】 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：她站在那里，犹豫着要不要告诉他真相。此处句子主语 she 和 hesitate 之 间是一种主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语，再结合句意和所字母可知此处用 hesitate 的现在分词 hesitating，故填 hesitating。 【70 题详解】 考查名词。句意：食物的味道实际上是味觉和嗅觉的混合，这就是为什么当鼻子在感冒时被堵住时，食物 就会失去味道。不定冠词 a 用在名词前面，结合句意和首字母可知此处用名词 mixture“混合”。故填 mixture。 【71 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，可以认为后者是前者造成的。固定搭配：the latter 后者； the former 前者。再根据句意和首字母可知此处用形容词 latter“后者的”。故填 latter。 【72 题详解】 考查动词名词作主语。句意：用蔬菜代替你饮食中的一些脂肪可以提供一个平衡的饮食。此处是动名词作 主语，再结合句意和首字母可知此处用 replace“代替”的动名词 Replacing。故填 Replacing。 【73 题详解】 考查名词。句意：Harry 发现自己正处在事业的十字路口，他必须在从商和从政之间做出选择。此处定冠词 the 用在名词前面，结合句意和首字母可知此处用名词 crossroads“十字路口”。故填 crossroads。 【74 题详解】 考查副词。句意：到目前为止，进展非常好。因此，我们相信这项工作将按时完成。结合句意和首字母可 知此处用副词 therefore“因此”。故填 therefore。 第二部分 根据所给中文用适当的词组填空。 75. After the young couple went aboard, the grandparents ______(接管) parental responsibility for the child. 76. In that society, you were given food if you obeyed orders, but when that system _______ ______(崩溃), people no longer took orders. 77. I would like to design a set of bookmarks _____ _____ (由……组成) four different patterns. 78. ______ ______ (除了) the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels also can cause mountain sickness. 79. The city of Baltimore has a well-known university and hospital that are both _____ _____(以……命名) Johns Hopkins. 80. The drop in birth rate is expected because China over the years has been _____ _____(经历) huge social and economic changes. 81. Mona Lisa in the Grand Louvre ______ _____(代表，象征) the enduring(不朽的) force of art. 82. That cruel crime reminded everyone that international terrorism had _____ _____ _____(对……宣战) the international community. 83. He knew many other firefighters who _____ _____ _____ (罹患……)various illnesses because of the chemicals they were exposed to. 84. I felt sympathetic for the people in the villages who have ______ _____ ____(受够……)fighting and are keen to embrace their future. 【答案】75. took over 76. (1). broke (2). down 77. (1). consisting (2). of 78. (1). Aside (2). from 79. (1). named (2). after 80. (1). going (2). through 81. (1). stands (2). for 82. (1). declared (2). war (3). against 83. (1). came (2). down (3). with 84. (1). had (2). enough (3). of 【解析】 【75 题详解】 考查一般过去时态。句意：这对年轻夫妇出国后，祖父母接管了孩子的监护权。固定词组：take over“接 管”。此处是 after 引导的时间状语从句，从句用的是一般过去时态，则主句也用一般过去时态，结合句意和 所给汉语可知此处用动词词组 took over。故填 took over。 【76 题详解】 考查一般过去时态。句意：在那个社会，如果你服从命令，你就会得到食物，但当这个制度崩溃时，人们 不再接受命令。固定词组：break down“毁掉，崩溃”。此处是 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般过去 时态，则从句也用一般过去时态。故填（1）broke (2). down。 【77 题详解】 考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：我想设计一套书签，由四个不同的模式组成。固定词组：consist of“由…… 组成”。结合句意和所给汉语可知此处用 consist of 的现在分词作后置定语。bookmarks 与 consist of 在逻辑 上是主动关系。故填(1). consisting (2). of。 【78 题详解】 考查介词词组。句意：除了寒冷，稀薄的空气和低氧水平也会导致高原病。结合句意和所给汉语可知此处 用词组 Aside from“除……以外”。故填(1). Aside (2). from。 【79 题详解】 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：Baltimore 市有一所著名的大学和医院，都是以约翰·霍普金斯的名字 命名的。固定词组：name after“以……命名”。结合句意和所给汉语可知此处是一般现在时态的被动语态， 故填(1). named (2). after 【80 题详解】 考查现在完成进行时态。句意：出生率下降是预料之中的，因为中国多年来经历了巨大的社会和经济变化。 固定词组：go through“经受，通过”。此处是现在完成进行时态，再结合句意和所给汉语可知此处用 going through。故填(1). going (2). through。 【81 题详解】 考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意：卢浮宫的《蒙娜丽莎》代表着艺术永恒的力量。固定词组：stand for“代表，象征”。结合句意和所给汉语可知此处用一般现在时态，句子主语是 Mona Lisa。故填(1). stands (2). for。 【82 题详解】 考查过去完成时态。句意：这一残酷罪行提醒大家，国际恐怖主义已经向国际社会宣战。结合句意可知句 子用过去完成时态，再结合所给汉语可知此处用 declared war against“对……宣战”。故填(1). declared (2). war (3). against。 【83 题详解】 考查一般过去时态。句意：他认识许多其他的消防员，他们因为暴露在化学物质中而患上各种疾病。固定 词组：come down with“染上病”。再结合句意和所给汉语可知此处用词组 come down with。故填(1). came (2). down (3). with。 【84 题详解】 考查现在完成时态。句意：我对那些饱受战火摧残、渴望拥抱未来的村民表示同情。结合句意可知句子用 过去完成时态，再根据所给汉语可知此处用词组 have enough of“受够了”的过去式。故填(1). had (2). enough (3). of。 第三部分 阅读短文，根据上下文或者首字母在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词，或给出括号内单词的正确形式。 We all know it is not healthy to stay up late and poor sleep quality can leave us feeling low. However, many people still cannot get enough sleep, e____85____ the young. Over 60% of Chinese students aged 6 to 17 sleep ___86___ than eight hours a day, according to a report released by the Chinese Sleep Research Society(CSRS) on Marth 17. The study ___87___ nearly 70,000 children and teens aged 6 to 17 across the Chinese ___88___, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. According to the study, too much school homework is a major cause for inadequate sleep among young people. For example, from Monday to Thursday, 8.4 percent of them would still be ____89____(occupy) in doing their homework after 11 p.m.. ___90___ major cause of young people’s inadequate sleep is the frequent use of electronic devices. Lack of sleep among children and teenagers has ___91___ concern in society. To reduce students’ ____92____ burden, the Ministry of Education and eight other departments issued a guideline on Dec 28. It is suggested that local education authorities across China should take more ____93____ to help students get more sleep, including ____94____(delay) the start of morning classes by half an hour. 【答案】85. especially 86. less 87. involved 88. mainland 89. occupied 90. Another 91. raised 92. academic 93. actions 94. delaying 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。我们都知道熬夜是不健康的，糟糕的睡眠质量会让我们情绪低落。然而，许多人仍然不 能得到足够的睡眠，尤其是年轻人。文章介绍了影响年轻人睡眠的主要原因以及所采取的措施。 【85 题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，许多人仍然不能得到足够的睡眠，尤其是年轻人。此处是副词修饰名词词组，结 合句意和首字母可知此处用副词 especially“尤其是，特别是”。故填 especially。 【86 题详解】 考查比较级。句意：3 月 17 日，中国睡眠研究会(CSRS)发布的一份报告显示，在 6 - 17 岁的中国学生中， 超过 60%的人每天睡眠不足 8 小时。结合句意可知此处指“少于”，用比较级，故填 less. 【87 题详解】 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：这项研究涉及中国大陆、香港、澳门和台湾地区近 7 万名 6 至 17 岁的儿 童和青少年。此处 The study 和 involve 之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填 involved。 【88 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这项研究涉及中国大陆、香港、澳门和台湾地区近 7 万名 6 至 17 岁的儿童和青少年。固 定词组：the Chinese mainland“中国大陆”。故填 mainland。 【89 题详解】 考查过去将来时态的被动语态。句意：例如，从周一到周四，他们中 8.4%的人在晚上 11 点后仍在做作业。 固定搭配：be occupied in“使从事于，忙于”。故填 occupied。 【90 题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：年轻人睡眠不足的另一个主要原因是经常使用电子设备。此处指“另一种”原因。故填 Another。 【91 题详解】 考查现在完成时。句意：儿童和青少年缺乏睡眠引起了社会的关注。结合句意可知此处填名词 raised。本句为现在完成时。故填 raised。 【92 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了减轻学生的学习负担，教育部和其他八个部门于 12 月 28 日发布了一项指导意见。 结合句意可知此处用形容词修饰名词 burden。故填 academic。 【93 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：建议全国各地的教育部门采取更多的措施来帮助学生获得更多的睡眠，包括将早上 的上课时间推迟半小时。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，take actions to do sth“采取措施做某事”。故 填 actions。 【94 题详解】 考查动名词作宾语。句意：建议全国各地的教育部门采取更多的措施来帮助学生获得更多的睡眠，包括将 早上的上课时间推迟半小时。此处是动名词作介词 including 的宾语，故填 delaying。 第四部分 翻译句子 95. 很多人被活埋，庞贝城也是。（so） 96. 他带领部队进入中东，击败了阻挡他前进的每一支军队。（分词做状语） 97. 女孩把手伸进盒子，结果却发现玩具不见了。（reach） 98. 是王羲之把我引向了中国文字的美妙世界。（强调句，introduce） 【答案】95. Many people were buried alive, and so was Pompeii. 96. He led troops into the Middle East, defeating every troop which stood in his path. 97. The girl reached out into the case, but only to find that the boy was gone. 98. It is Wang Xizhi who introduced me to the wonderful world of Chinese characters. 【解析】 【95 题详解】 考查一般过去时态的被动语态和 so 引导的部分倒装。此处是一般过去时态的被动语态，且“so+be 动词/助动 词/情态动词”表示与前面的情况一样。结合所给汉语提示，故翻译为 Many people were buried alive, and so was Pompeii. 【96 题详解】 考查现在分词作伴随状语和 which 引导的定语从句。该句中使用现在分词做伴随状语，且句中 which 引导定 语从句。结合所给汉语提示，故翻译为 He led troops into the Middle East, defeating every troop which stood in his path. 【97 题详解】 考查 reach 用法和动词不定式作结果状语。固定词组：reach out“伸出”。句中动词不定式作未料到的结果状 语。结合所给汉语提示，故翻译为 The girl reached out into the case, but only to find that the boy was gone. 98 题详解】 考查强调句型。此处使用强调句型，it is +强调部分+who……引导的强调句型。结合所给汉语提示，故翻译 为 It is Wang Xizhi who introduced me to the wonderful world of Chinese characters. 【点睛】浅谈强调句 1. 用 It is／was...that／who...句型表示强调。 （1）陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语 指人）+其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. （2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把 is/was 提到 it 前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? （3）特殊疑问句 强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born? 注：被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在 is／was 的后面，如被强调的是人， 则后面可用 who，whom 等代替。 2. not...until...句型的强调句： 句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分： 【 的 e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 3. 强调谓语动词：用助动词 do, does 或 did 加动词原形来强调谓语动词。注意：此种强调只用 do/does 和 did，没有别的形式；过去时态用 did，后面的谓语动词用原形。如：Do come early. 务必早来。He did send you a letter last week. 昨天他确实寄给你一封信。