江苏省2019届高三第二次百校联考英语试题（解析版）

2019 届江苏省高三第二次百校联考 英语试卷 第一卷（选择题 共 85 分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20 分）(略) 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 1.In terms of Mrs. Meng’s being arrested without solid evidence, the western media has _____ public attention away from where it should be, that is, the rule of law. A. transformed B. shifted C. attracted D. changed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。A. transformed 转换；B. shifted 转移；C. attracted 吸引；D. changed 改变。句意： 就孟女士在没有确凿证据的情况下被逮捕一事而言，西方媒体已经将公众的注意力从它应该在的地方转移 开了，那就是法治。结合句意可知答案为 B。 2.In the US, there are currently over 5,000 community schools _____, in addition to serving as educational institutions, function as community centers for the surrounding neighborhood. A. which B. where C. whose D. as 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在美国，目前有超过 5000 所社区学校，除了作为教育机构之外，还作为周 边社区的中心。此处 schools 是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，确定关系词 which/that。故答 案为 A。 【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先 行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为名词 schools，再分析先行词 schools 在定语从句中所作的成分， 将先行词 schools 带到从句中可知，只能作主语，确定关系词 which/that。故答案为 A。 3.Yumin, the late famous physicist, often encouraged his students to _____ what they believed in, even when facing strong opposition. A come up with B. take charge of C. put up with D. stand up for 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词组。A. come up with 提出，想出；B. take charge of 接管，负责；C. put up with 忍受； D. stand up for 支持，坚持。句意：已故著名物理学家余民经常鼓励他的学生坚持自己的信仰，即使面临强 烈的反对。结合句意可知答案为 D。 4.To make extra-class education run on the right track, China is tightening _____ of after-school training institutions. A. application B. regulation C. adaptation D. cooperation 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。A. application 申请；B. regulation 规则；C. adaptation 适应；D. cooperation 合作。句意： 为了让课外教育走上正轨，中国正在加强对课外培训机构的监管。故答案为 B。 5.In the "moon garden" onboard the Chang'e 4, the shoots of cotton marked the first live matter ever _____ on the moon. A. having grown B. to be grown C. being grown D. grown 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式做后置定语。句意：在“嫦娥四号”上的“月球花园”里，棉花苗是第 一个在月球上生长的活体。The first to do sth.“做某事的第一个------”； matter 和 grow 之间是一种被动关系。 所以此处是动词不定式一般式的被动式做后置定语。故选 B。 6.The emoticons _____ when we want to stop a conversation, sparing us the embarrassment. A. come around B. come in handy C. come about D. come by 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词组。A. come around 恢复知觉；B. come in handy 迟早有用；C. come about 形成，产生； .D. come by 得到，从旁走过。句意：当我们想要停止对话时，表情符号就派上用场了，这样我们就不用尴尬 了。结合句意可知答案为 B。 7.After nine years working to protect Siberian tigers, Yang Jun _____ his efforts recognized at the annual award ceremony in Beijing where he was named a "wildlife protector". A. had B. had had C. has had D. has 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：在为保护西伯利亚虎工作了九年之后，杨军在北京举行的年度颁奖典礼上获得 了“野生动物保护者”的称号。结合句意可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为 A。 8.Repairs of historic buildings have to be _____ the original structure. A. in sympathy with B. in search of C. in response to D. in contrast to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查词组。A. in sympathy with 同情；B. in search of 寻找；C. in response to 回应；D. in contrast to 与 ------形成对比。句意：历史建筑的修缮必须与原有结构保持一致。故答案为 A。 9.—I heard Mr. Morgan would be here at 4:00 pm. next Thursday. —No, he _____ at that time. A. was boarding B. would be boarding C. will be boarding D. is boarding 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——我听说摩根先生下星期四下午四点会来。——不，他那时正在登机。结合 句意可知句子用一般将来进行时态。故答案为 C。 10.Sometimes, the kind of food we serve a person suggests ________ we show our gratitude. A. when B. what C. why D. how 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有时候，我们为别人提供的食物暗示了我们如何表达我们的感激之情。可知此处是 how 引导的宾语从句，表示方式。故选 D。 11.Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding shelter _____ they can pursue entertainment and recreation. A. until B. unless C. before D. because 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。A. until 直到------为止；B. unless 除非；C. before 在------之前；D. because 因为。句 意：男人在追求娱乐和消遣之前，必须考虑吃、喝、穿、住。结合句意可知此处是 before 引导的时间状语 从句，故答案为 C。 12.To be an expert, a beginner needs to go through a series of _____ stages. A. intermediate B. liberal C. overall D. demanding 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。A. intermediate 中间的；B. liberal 自由主义的；C. overall 全部的；D. demanding 苛求 的。句意：要成为专家，初学者需要经过一系列的中间阶段。故选 A。 13.Keep up your spirits even if you _____ fail hundreds of times. A. must B. need C. may D. should 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。A. must 必须；B. need 需要；C. may 可能，或许；D. should 应该。句意：即使失败 了几百次，也要振作起来。此处表示一种不确定的推测，故选 C。 14.—That's the third time you've done that! —Yeah, _____? A. what of it B. what’s on C. what about D. what for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。A. what of it 那又怎么样；B. what’s on C. what about 怎么样；D. what for 为何目的。句意：——这是你第三次这么做了!——是啊，那又怎么样？结合句意可知答案为 A。 15.It is unwise to disturb one who is devoted to his work. Just _____. A. face the music B. fly off the handle C. eat your words D. bite your tongue 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定用法。A. face the music 面对现实；B. fly off the handle 勃然大怒；C. eat your words 食言； D. bite your tongue 别嚼舌头，忍住不说。句意：打扰一个专心工作的人是不明智的。闭上你的嘴。结合句意 可知答案为 D。 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 For our family vacations when our children were younger, we often went river rafting. Rafting meant we could be together as a family,____16____with the beauty of nature, and meet other people. Plus, it was ____17____, and being on the river meant our family never had to ask that ____18____of questions: “What are we going to do today?” It was always clear — ____19____the boat and paddle downstream! This was our method for strengthening family bonds with less ____20____. We also found that the river is always a great ____21____. For example, sometimes your boat goes through a particularly difficult rapid and you find yourself thrown out of the boat and into the water. When this happens, sometimes you get caught in a ____22____, where the water is churning（搅动）back upstream. What do you do? The natural tendency is to crazily attempt to swim ____23____, but in this situation, the water is circulating backward, ____24____you are actually swimming against the current. This is very dangerous; it is quite possible to ____25____yourself and be unable to get out of the hole. Unfortunately, people have ____26____this way. However, if you give up swimming and ____27____, the water pulls you in and for an instant takes you upstream. Usually, this is enough for you to be ____28____“spit out” of the hole. A ____29____situation came up in a recent coaching meeting I had with a high-ranking engineer of a Fortune 100 company, who described his week as feeling as though he were “swimming upstream.” The more ____30____he felt, the harder he worked, and the less time he spent with his managers, and with his family. He was unaware that he had become so ____31____in fighting the daily battles that he had completely____32____the larger stream, the more vital ____33____of his leadership role. Be aware of ____34____you place your attention. If you become distracted, keep returning to your point of ____35____. 16. A. interact B. go C. live D. breathe 17. A. inspiring B. cautious C. adventurous D. conscious 18. A. most curious B. deadliest C. most interesting D. greatest 19. A. get in B. get down to C. get off D. get round 20. A. time B. communication C. cooperation D. effort 21. A. teacher B. mother C. soldier D. leader 22. A. mess B. center C. hurry D. hole 23. A. safely B. downstream C. away D. past 24. A. or B. and C. but D. so 25. A. exhaust B. hurt C. justify D. refresh 26. A. disappeared B. fought C. died D. behaved 27. A. relax B. reflect C. lie D. watch 28. A. calmly B. quickly C. shockingly D. amazingly 29. A. positive B. strange C. similar D. confusing 30. A. anger B. pressure C. motivation D. attraction 31 A. involved B. trapped C. lost D. bathed 32. A. lost track of B. turned blind to C. lost sight of D. looked down upon 33. A. calls B. priorities C. appeals D. promises 34. A. where B. how C. why D. when 35. A. target B. achievement C. condition D. focus 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。当作者的孩子还小的时候，为了家庭假期，他们经常去漂流。漂流意味着他们可以作 为一个家庭在一起，与自然之美互动，并认识其他人。作者讲述了他们的漂流经历。 【16 题详解】 考查动词。A. interact 互相影响；B. go 去；C. live 生动的；D. breathe 呼吸。根据 Rafting meant we could be together as a family,____1____with the beauty of nature, and meet other people.“漂流意味着我们可以作为一个家 .庭在一起，与自然之美互动，并认识其他人。”结合句意可知答案为 A。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词。A. inspiring 令人受鼓舞的；B. cautious 谨慎的；C. adventurous 冒险的；D. conscious 有意识的。 根据 Plus, it was ____2____, and being on the river meant our family never had to ask that ____3____of questions: “What are we going to do today?”“ 此外，这是一次冒险之旅，在河上意味着我们的家人永远不必问最致命的 问题：“我们今天要做什么?”故选 C。 【18 题详解】 考查形容词。A. most curious 最好奇 ；B. deadliest 最致命的；C. most interesting 最有趣的；D. greatest 最伟 大的。根据 Plus, it was ____2____, and being on the river meant our family never had to ask that ____3____of questions: “What are we going to do today?”“ 此外，这是一次冒险之旅，在河上意味着我们的家人永远不必问 最致命的问题：“我们今天要做什么?”故选 B。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词组。A. get in 进入，到达；B. get down to 开始认真考虑，着手处理；C. get off 下车；D. get round （消息）传开来，四处走动。根据 It was always clear — ____4____the boat and paddle downstream!“一切都很 顺利——上了船，划到下游去!”故选 A。 【20 题详解】 考查名词。A. time 时间；B. communication 交流；C. cooperation 合作； D. effort 努力。“这是我们用更少 的努力来加强家庭纽带的方法。”故选 D。 【21 题详解】 考查名词。A. teacher 教师；B. mother 母亲；C. soldier 士兵；D. leader 领导。根据 We also found that the river is always a great ____6____.“我们还发现，这条小河总是是一位伟大的老师。”故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查名词。A. mess 混乱；B. center 中心；C. hurry 匆忙；D. hole 洞，孔。根据 When this happens, sometimes you get caught in a ____7____, where the water is churning（搅动）back upstream.“当这种情况发生时，有时你 会被困在一个洞里，那里的水正在逆流而上。”故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查副词。A. safely 安全地；B. downstream 下游地；C. away 离去；D. past 经过。根据 The natural tendency is to crazily attempt to swim ____8____, but in this situation, the water is circulating backward, ____9____you are actually swimming against the current.“自然的倾向是疯狂地往下游游，但在这种情况下，水是向后循环的，所 以你实际上是逆流而上。”故选 B。 【24 题详解】 的考查连词。A. or 或者，否则；B. and 和；C. but 但是；D. so 所以。根据 The natural tendency is to crazily attempt to swim ____8____, but in this situation, the water is circulating backward, ____9____you are actually swimming against the current.“自然的倾向是疯狂地往下游游，但在这种情况下，水是向后循环的，所以你实际上是逆 流而上。”故选 D。 【25 题详解】 考查动词。A. exhaust 耗尽；B. hurt 使受伤；C. justify 替------辩护；D. refresh 更新。根据 This is very dangerous; it is quite possible to ____10____yourself and be unable to get out of the hole.“这是非常危险的；你很可能会筋疲 力尽，无法走出这个洞。”故选 A。 【26 题详解】 考查动词。A. disappeared 消失；B. fought 战斗，斗争；C. died 死；D. behaved 举止，行为。根据 Unfortunately, people have ____11____this way.“不幸的是，有些人就是这样死去的。”故选 A。 【27 题详解】 考查动词。A. relax 放松；B. reflect 反应；C. lie 躺，说谎；D. watch 观看。根据 However, if you give up swimming and ____12____, the water pulls you in and for an instant takes you upstream.“然而，如果你放弃游泳和放松，水 会把你拉入水中，并在一瞬间把你带到上游。”故选 A。 【28 题详解】 考查副词。A. calmly 冷静地；B. quickly 迅速地；C. shockingly 惊人地； D. amazingly 令人惊讶地。根据 Usually, this is enough for you to be ____13____“spit out” of the hole.“通常，这就足够让你快速地“吐”出洞了。” 故选 B。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词。A. positive 积极的；B. strange 奇怪的；C. similar 相似的； D. confusing 令人困惑的。根据 A ____14____situation came up in a recent coaching meeting I had with a high-ranking engineer of a Fortune 100 company, who described his week as feeling as though he were “swimming upstream.”“ 最近，我与《财富》 (Fortune) 100 强企业的一位高级工程师举行了一次培训会议，会上也出现了类似的情况。”故选 C。 【30 题详解】 考查名词。A. anger 生气；B. pressure 压力；C. motivation 动机，激励； D. attraction 吸引。根据 The more ____15____he felt, the harder he worked, and the less time he spent with his managers, and with his family.“他感到 的压力越大，工作就越努力，花在经理和家人身上的时间就越少。”故选 B。 【31 题详解】 考查动词。A. involved 涉及；B. trapped 诱捕，围困；C. lost 丢失；D. bathed 沐浴。根据 He was unaware that he had become so ____16____in fighting the daily battles that he had completely____17____the larger stream, the more vital ____18____of his leadership role.“他没有意识到自己已经如此投入到日常的战斗中，以至于完全忽 略了更大的潮流，也就是他领导角色中更重要的优先事项。”故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词组。A. lost track of 失去与------的联系；B. turned blind to 盲目的转向；C. lost sight of 看不见； D. looked down upon 轻视，看不起。根据 He was unaware that he had become so ____16____in fighting the daily battles that he had completely____17____the larger stream, the more vital ____18____of his leadership role.“他没 有意识到自己已经如此投入到日常的战斗中，以至于完全忽略了更大的潮流，也就是他领导角色中更重要 的优先事项。”故选 C。 【33 题详解】 考查名词。A. calls 电话；B. priorities 优先权；C. appeals 恳求；D. promises 许诺。根据 He was unaware that he had become so ____16____in fighting the daily battles that he had completely____17____the larger stream, the more vital ____18____of his leadership role.“他没有意识到自己已经如此投入到日常的战斗中，以至于完全忽 略了更大的潮流，也就是他领导角色中更重要的优先事项。”故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查宾语从句。根据 Be aware of ____19____you place your attention.“意识到你的注意力放在哪里。”此处是 where 引导的宾语从句。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查名词。A. target 目标；B. achievement 成就；C. condition 条件；D. focus 焦点，中心。根据 If you become distracted, keep returning to your point of ____20____.“如果你分心了，继续回到你的焦点。”故选 D。 【点睛】.在做完形填空时一定要注意 and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more/though 等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像 but（但是）、however （然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第 9 小 题，根据 The natural tendency is to crazily attempt to swim ____8____, but in this situation, the water is circulating backward, ____9____you are actually swimming against the current.“自然的倾向是疯狂地往下游游，但在这种情 况下，水是向后循环的，所以你实际上是逆流而上。”此处是 so 引导的并列句，是因果关系，故选 D。 第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A As is tradition, technology companies from around the world have flocked to Las Vegas for the annual Consumer Electronics Show. There are thousands of eye-catching items to swoon over, whether you’re a nerd or not. Here are a few of the most interesting, exciting and possibly life-changing products seen at the show, which runs from Tuesday to Friday. Item 1 You thought your curved TV was cool? The LG Signature OLED TV R is a 65-inch 4K TV that is, unlike your lame and rigid screen, rollable, and can retract(收回) into its base when you’re not enjoying it. While you can control it using either Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa, the TV R also supports Apple’s AirPlay 2 and HomeKit. Item 2 Gaming laptops aren’t new, but they usually lack power compared to their beefier desktop counterparts. Nvidia’s latest announcement changes that, and brings the desktop-class power found in its RTX line of graphics cards to laptops. More than 40 laptop models will turn up by the end of the month with RTX graphics cards inside, which can produce more realistic graphics and boost performance for the most gamers. Item 3 If sleeping is harder than it should be, the Dreem band might be able to help you figure out what you’re doing wrong. The Dreem band is a fabric-covered headband that wraps around your head and uses a combination of sensors like the ones in your Apple Watch to detect various biometrics like your heart rate and respiration activity. It also uses bone conduction to communicate audio cues to you privately.Item 4 Samsung’s shown off its Micro LED technology in the past, using it to build The Wall, a 146-inch TV. The company’s now showing off a smaller Micro LED TV. Using Samsung’s Micro LED panels, you can create a variety of display sizes supporting different aspect ratios, going from an ultra-wide 21:9 screen to a perfectly square 1:1 display without losing image quality. 36. If one likes doing things by himself, which of the items suits him best? A. Item 1. B. Item 2. C. Item 3. D. Item 4. 37. Which of the following technologies appeared for the first time in the show? A. The TV R User’s controlling the TV by Google Assistant B. Nvidia’s laptops’ solving the problem of power C. The Dreem band’s detect your heart rate D. Samsung’s Micro LED technology making a 146-inch TV possible 【答案】36. D 37. B 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇应用文。按照惯例，来自世界各地的科技公司纷纷涌向拉斯维加斯，参加一年一度的消费电子 展。不管你是不是书呆子，都有成千上万的吸引眼球的东西让你神魂颠倒。这里有一些最有趣、最令人兴 奋、可能会改变生活的产品。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Item 4 中 Using Samsung’s Micro LED panels, you can create a variety of display sizes supporting different aspect ratios, going from an ultra-wide 21:9 screen to a perfectly square 1:1 display without losing image quality.可知，使用三星的微型 led 面板，你可以创建各种尺寸的显示器，支持不同的长宽比， 从超宽的 21:9 屏幕到完美的 1:1 平方显示器，而不会影响图像质量。所以如果一个人喜欢自己做事情，Item 4 最适合他。故选 D。【37 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Item 2 中 Nvidia’s latest announcement changes that, and brings the desktop-class power found in its RTX line of graphics cards to laptops.可知，Nvidia 的最新声明改变了这一状况，将其 RTX 显卡生产线上 的台式机级电源引入了笔记本电脑。由此判断出 Nvidia 笔记本电脑解决了电源问题是第一次出现在展会上。 故选 B。 【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含 意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的 答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。 推理判断题的题干中通常含 infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate 等标志性词语。本题第 2 小题，根据 Item 2 中 Nvidia’s latest announcement changes that, and brings the desktop-class power found in its RTX line of graphics cards to laptops.可知，Nvidia 的最新声明改变了这一状况，将其 RTX 显卡生产线上的台式机级电源引入了笔 记本电脑。由此判断出 Nvidia 笔记本电脑解决了电源问题是第一次出现在展会上。故选 B。 B The key to getting people to work together effectively could be giving them the freedom to choose their collaborators (合作者) and the comfort of working with established contacts, new research suggests. In the study, David Melamed, an assistant professor of sociology at the Ohio State University and lead author of the study, and his co-authors found participants through the Amazon Mechanical Turk website — a service that allows researchers to hire people from around the world for a variety of purposes. For this study, all participants were from the United States. Those who agreed to participate played online games in which each player started out with 1,000 monetary units that translated to $1 in real money they could pocket. If one player agreed to pay another player 50 monetary units, that second person would actually acquire 100 units. Each of the 16-round games included about 25 participants, some of whom participated in multiple games. In all, 810 people participated in the research. Some of the games included random networks, where certain people could interact. Others included clustered (群集的) networks, in which a small group had multiple connections — an arrangement that was designed to mimic (模拟) real life, where humans often run their lives in packs. And the networks were either static (静态的) or dynamic (动态的). In static networks, a player could interact only with the appointed partners. In dynamic networks, participants could cut their ties with another player and form new connections. Furthermore, some of the games included reputation information. Participants were labeled based on their history of willingness to share money. The idea was to test whether those known to collaborate were favored by other players based on reputation — a factor shown in previous research to play a significant role in whether a person is likely to partner with another.Melamed and his research partners were surprised to find that whether people are likely to partner with others had nothing to do with reputation in this study. The findings might have departed from previous studies because of the difference in size and study design, he said, explaining that much of the previous work in this area was conducted in groups of 100 or fewer and mostly involved student subjects. The Turk network used for the new study has been shown to be representative of the U.S. population in terms of age, race and other factors and the introduced players had no previous connections. Cooperation rates overall were high — and highest when the participants were cooperating in clusters and had the ability to drop a partner in favor of another. “What really seems to matter is the ability to change the structure of a network,” Melamed said. “And the patterns of relationships also made a difference. Those in a known cluster with multiple connections cooperated more.” 38. What did David Melamed and his partners do for their study? A. They hired 810 people globally. B. They gave each participant $1,000. C. They designed 16-round online games. D. They asked each participant to take part in only one game. 39. Compared with previous research, the new study found that _____. A. reputation played no role in cooperation B. student subjects were more likely to partner with others C. players having connections before were more cooperative D. cooperation rates were influenced by age, race and other factors 40. It can be inferred that the purpose of the study led by David Melamed is to discover _____. A. how to change the patterns of relationships B. what leads people to collaborate most willingly C. what kind of person is the most popular in a team D. whether it’s proper to drop a partner in favor of another 【答案】38. C 39. A 40. B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，让人们有效地合作的关键在于让他们有选择合作者的自由，以及 与已建立联系的人一起工作的舒适感。David Melamed 领导的这项研究的目的是发现是什么导致人们最愿意 合作。 【38 题详解】细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 Each of the 16-round games included about 25 participants, some of whom participated in multiple games. In all, 810 people participated in the research.可知，David Melamed 和他的伙伴们在 他们的研究中他们设计了 16 轮在线游戏。故选 C. 39 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中 Melamed and his research partners were surprised to find that whether people are likely to partner with others had nothing to do with reputation in this study. The findings might have departed from previous studies because of the difference in size and study design,可知，与之前的研究相比，新的研究发现声誉 在合作中没有作用。故选 A。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Cooperation rates overall were high — and highest when the participants were cooperating in clusters and had the ability to drop a partner in favor of another. “What really seems to matter is the ability to change the structure of a network,” Melamed said. “And the patterns of relationships also made a difference. Those in a known cluster with multiple connections cooperated more.”可知，由此可以推断，David Melamed 领导 的这项研究的目的是发现是什么导致人们最愿意合作。故选 B。 C I’m 47 years old. Two days ago, you sent me an email, which I did not answer. I didn’t answer it, in part, because I am 47 years old. I almost answered your email after bedtime, which is when I have often answered emails. My laptop was put on my bedside table. My husband sat on his side of the bed, and he leaned back and asked me if I’d given any thought to whether the chickens would need to be kept away from the apple trees after he sprayed them with something to keep the bugs away. We moved on to the children’s math grades then to the way they just take their socks off and leave them, inside out, no matter where they are. I looked at the clock and saw that it was not as early as I’d thought, not for a lot of things, and so we turned off the light, and I did not answer your email. Your email sat among emails from bosses and editors and orthodontists all through the next workday. My children were at school, and I had not yet managed to write 300 words nine more times. I thought about answering your email in the afternoon, while my older daughter and I waited outside the school for her sister to finish a piano lesson. My daughter probably would not have minded. She is almost 13, and sometimes, when she sits in the house texting while I try to talk to her, I sprayed her with the bottle I keep on the counter to spray the cats when they start scratching the back of the sofa. I could have answered your email then. I admit it. We could have sat there, in peaceful 【 ,silence, each staring at our phone. I had time to answer your email, and I did not. I snuggled(依偎) my youngest son at bedtime that night, because he asked. I snuggled him even though your email was calling, and some part of me wanted to pull away from the tedium of bedtime and reply. Replying would have felt fresh and new, while bedtime felt old and stale. I would like to say I snuggled my son and did not give your email one single thought, but that would not be true, and it would also be rude, even though it is a state of mind to which many of us aspire. Instead, I hovered(悬停) somewhere between presence in the bedtime moment and awareness of your email and many others. I spend a lot of time in that gap, sometimes drafting mental responses to emails, which I am later surprised and sad to find I have not actually sent. It is possible that I will answer your email later, in a few hours, or in a few years, maybe when I am 57, and I will be so happy to have your email. We will trade words, and those words will again seem so real to me, a whole world in my laptop, where I live, sometimes, because there is so much that is attractive in there, where time moves fast and yet never moves at all. I will take my laptop outside and I will sit among the trees, listening for the voices of children who are no longer home, and I will answer your email. It is also possible that I will not — that I, in fact, will never answer your email. If that is the case, if the people and the places and the things around me still press upon me with more urgency than your email and so many others, I hope that you will forgive me. I have already forgiven myself. 41. Why does the author mention chickens and the children’s math grades? A. Because daily routines took up most of her time. B. Because she was troubled by many unimportant things. C. Because she was more concerned about her family. D. Because she often put off answering email till bedtime. 42. What can be learnt from the author’s description of her daughter? A. The author used to answer emails while waiting for her daughter. B. The author would rather play with her daughter than answer emails. C. The author and daughters liked to use their phone alone. D. The author regretted the time spent on the phone. 43. What tone does the author use in answering emails after snuggling her son? A. humor B. embarrassment C. apology D. happiness 44. What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us? A. Learn to forgive yourself for not answering emails in time.B. The world outside is so attractive that we should enjoy it now. C. I will surely answer emails without children around. D. Answering emails is a thing of little urgency. 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述的是关于不回复短信的看法。如果作者周围的人、地方和事情仍然比你的电 子邮件和其他许多事情更紧迫地压在他身上，作者希望能原谅。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中 asked me if I’d given any thought to whether the chickens would need to be kept away from the apple trees after he sprayed them with something to keep the bugs away.和第三段中 We moved on to the children’s math grades, then to the way they just take their socks off and leave them, inside out, no matter where they are.可知，作者提到鸡和孩子们的数学成绩是因为她更关心她的家庭。故选 C。 【42 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中 My daughter probably would not have minded. She is almost 13, and sometimes, when she sits in the house texting while I try to talk to her, I sprayed her with the bottle I keep on the counter to spray the cats when they start scratching the back of the sofa. I could have answered your email then. I admit it. We could have sat there, in peaceful silence, each staring at our phone. I had time to answer your email, and I did not.可知，从 作者对她女儿的描述中我们可以了解到作者宁愿和女儿一起玩也不愿回电子邮件。故选 B。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中 I would like to say I snuggled my son and did not give your email one single thought, but that would not be true, and it would also be rude, even though it is a state of mind to which many of us aspire.可知， 作者抱着儿子回邮件时用的是幽默语气。故选 A。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后两段中 I will take my laptop outside and I will sit among the trees, listening for the voices of children who are no longer home, and I will answer your email.可知，我一定会在没有孩子的情况下回复邮件。 故选 C。 D Predictions about higher education’s future often result in two very different visions about what is next for colleges and universities. In one camp: those who paint a rosy picture of an economy that will continue to demand higher levels of education for an increasing share of the workforce. In the other: those who believe fewer people will enroll（入学）in college as tuition costs go out of control and alternatives to the traditional degree emerge.“We are living in an age for learning, when there’s so much knowledge available, that one would think that this is good news for higher education,” Bryan Alexander told me recently. Alexander writes often about the future of higher education and is finishing a book on the subject for Johns Hopkins University Press. “Yet we’ve seen enrollment in higher education drop for six years.” Alexander believes that for some colleges and universities to survive, they need to shift from their historical mission of serving one type of student (usually a teenager fresh out of high school) for a specific period of time. “We’re going to see many different ways through higher education in the future,” Alexander said, “from closer ties between secondary and postsecondary（中学后）schools to new options for adults. The question is, which institutions adopt new models and which try desperately to hang on to what they have.” “The fact is that to maintain affordability, accessibility and excellence, something needs to change,” Rafael Bras, Georgia Tech’s provost (院长), told me when he unveiled the report at the Milken Institute Global Conference this past spring. The commission’s report includes many impressive ideas, but three point to the possibility of a very different future for colleges and universities. 1) College for life, rather than just four years. The primary recommendation of the Georgia Tech report is that the university turns itself into a place for lifelong learning that allows students to “associate rather than enroll.” “Students who we educate now are expected to have a dozen occupations,” Bras said. “So a system that receives students once in their lives and turns them out with the Good Housekeeping seal(印章) of approval to become alums (校友) and come back on occasion and give money is not the right model for the future.” 2) A network of advisers and coaches for a career. If education never ends, Georgia Tech predicts, neither should the critical advising function that colleges provide to students. The commission outlines a plan in which artificial intelligence and virtual tutors help advise students about selecting courses and finding the best career options. But even for a university focused on science and technology, Georgia Tech doesn’t suggest in its report that computers will replace humans for all advising. 3) A distributed presence around the world. Colleges and universities operate campuses and require students to come to them. In the past couple of decades, online education has grown greatly, but for the most part, higher education is still about face-to-face interactions. Georgia Tech imagines a future in which the two worlds are blended in what it calls the “atrium” — a place that share space with entrepreneurs and become gathering places for students and alumni. In some ways, as the report noted, the atrium idea is a nod to the past, when universities had agricultural and engineering experiment stations with services closer to where people in the state needed them.Whether Georgia Tech’s ideas will become real is, of course, unclear. But as Alexander told me after reading it, “There is a strong emphasis on flexibility and transformation so they can meet emergent trends.” This is clear: colleges and universities are about to undergo a period of deep change — whether they want to or not — as the needs of students and the economy shift. 45. What can we learn from the two camps’ opinions about future colleges? A. Future workforce will have high levels of education. B. The expensive traditional degree is losing its appeal. C. Traditional higher education is not practical. D. Declining enrollment in college results from easy learning. 46. What should traditional colleges do according to Alexander? A. They should provide new options for adults to enter colleges. B. The should strengthen the ties between secondary and postsecondary schools. C. They should abandon what they have and change their historical mission. D. They should offer more freedom to students throughout their life. 47. What can we infer from the commission’s report? A. Students can return for further study or make donations freely after graduation. B. Artificial intelligence and virtual tutors will perform better in career guidance. C. It focuses on how to make people enjoy good education without stress. D. There is no point in requiring students to be present at school. 48. The underlined words “two worlds” refer to _______. A. Basic education and higher education B. entrepreneurs and students C. present education and future education D. virtual education and real classes 49. What does the author think of atrium idea? A. It corresponds to the past idea in some way. B. It is hard to realize despite its flexibility. C. It makes some industries more accessible. D. It is a practical solution to the declining enrollment. 50. The passage mainly talks about _________. A. a reflection on the drawbacks of current higher educationB. the key factors which determine higher education’s future C. two camps’ opposite opinions about higher education's future D. a comparison between traditional and future higher education 【答案】45. B 46. D 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. B 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了决定高等教育未来发展的关键因素。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Yet we’ve seen enrollment in higher education drop for six years.”和第三段中 Alexander believes that for some colleges and universities to survive, they need to shift from their historical mission of serving one type of student (usually a teenager fresh out of high school) for a specific period of time.可知，昂贵 的传统学位正在失去吸引力。故选 B。 【46 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中 Alexander believes that for some colleges and universities to survive, they need to shift from their historical mission of serving one type of student (usually a teenager fresh out of high school) for a specific period of time.可知，他们应该在学生的一生中给他们更多的自由。故答案为 D。 【47 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中 The commission’s report includes many impressive ideas, but three point to the possibility of a very different future for colleges and universities.以及下面的三个观点，可知，我们能从委员会的 报告中推断出“它关注的是如何让人们在没有压力的情况下享受良好的教育。”故答案为 C。 【48 题详解】 词义指代题。根据第九段中 In the past couple of decades, online education has grown greatly, but for the most part, higher education is still about face-to-face interactions.“在过去的几十年里，在线教育发展迅速，但在很大 程度上，高等教育仍然是面对面的交流。”由此推知 Georgia Tech imagines a future in which the two worlds are blended in what it calls the “atrium”划线词 “two worlds”指的是虚拟教育和真实课堂。故选 D。 【49 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 In some ways, as the report noted, the atrium idea is a nod to the past, when universities had agricultural and engineering experiment stations with services closer to where people in the state needed them.可知，作者认为 atrium 是解决入学率下降的一个切实可行的办法。故答案为 D。 【50 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 Predictions about higher education’s future often result in two very different visions about what is next for colleges and universities.和最后一段中 This is clear: colleges and universities are about to undergo a period of deep change — whether they want to or not — as the needs of students and the economy shift.可 知，本文主要论述了决定高等教育未来发展的关键因素。故选 B。 第二卷（非选择题，共 35 分） 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 Why We Struggle to Say ‘I Love You’ For many Asian-Americans, the phrase belongs to the wonderful world of white people we see in the movies and on television. So many of our Asian parents have struggled, and suffered in ways that are completely beyond the imaginations of their children born or raised in North American comfort. This struggle and sacrifice was how Asian parents say “I love you” without having to say it. And so many of us children are not expected to say it either, but instead are expected to express love through gratitude, which means obeying our parents and following their wishes for how we should live our lives. Our parents, for the most part, told us to get a good education, get a good job and not speak up, things they had to do to survive. They have encouraged, or forced, many of us to become doctors, lawyers and engineers, and to feel ashamed if we do not. What these parents did not do was tell us we could become artists, actors or storytellers, people engaged in seemingly trivial, unsafe and unstable professions. I have met so few who have proudly told me that their children are English majors or have become writers or artists. But I became a writer despite, and perhaps because of, their resistance to the idea, my inarticulate(难以言喻的) desires pushing against their inarticulate sacrifice, all of it taking place before a backdrop of refugee（难民）life and racial reality. I grew up in the relatively diverse city of San Jose, Calif., in the 1980s. My neighbors were older white working-class people, Mexican immigrants and Vietnamese refugees. Then I went to a mostly white high school, with only a handful of students of Asian descent. We knew we were different, but we found our difference a little difficult to put into words. We called ourselves “the Asian invasion.” The irony was that we had not invaded America. America had invaded us, or at the very least had occupied or fought in our countries of origin or heritage. We were here because America was there. Looking back, what I only belatedly realized was that I needed — we all needed — more stories featuring us. More voices belonging to us. More advocates telling our stories in our way with our faces, our inflections, our concerns, our intuitions. We just needed to be at the center of a story, which would include all the aspects of human subjectivity, not just the good but the bad, the three-dimensional fullness that white people took for granted with the privilege of being individuals. When it came to mass media’s representations of us — film and television, morning radio disc jockey jokes— we got only the bad. We were the servants, the enemies, the houseboys, the invaders. As a result, so many of us who watched these distorted(扭曲的) images and heard the stupid jokes learned to be ashamed of ourselves. We learned to be ashamed of our parents. And the shame compounded the inability to say “I love you,” a phrase that belonged to the wonderful world of white people we saw in the movies and television. We had to learn better, but the truth is that Asian parents have to learn better, too. You cannot be proud of your artist and storyteller children only when they win Golden Globes. We honor your sacrifice for us, but you have to encourage your children to speak up as well, to claim their voices, to risk failure, to tell their stories and your stories. At the very least, you cannot stand in their way. We are still the Asian invasion in the eyes of many. We cannot accept this as our price of entry into American society. If we must assert ourselves and speak out against racism when it is directed against us, we must also do so when it benefits us. And we do that by challenging and changing the American story. We do it by taking the stage and by telling our own stories, which is really, in the end, our way of saying “I love you” to our parents, our families, our communities and our country. Outline Detailed information Facts about Asian-Americans’ family ●Children cannot ___51___their parents’ sufferings. ●The ___52___resulting from the distorted images make Asians too ashamed to express love. Asian parents’ ___53___ Their children should obey them and do something for ___54___. ●Get a good education ●Keep silent ●Become doctors, lawyers and engineers rather than artists, actors or storytellers My experience ●I take up writing because my parents are ___55___to my choice and my desires ___56___with their sacrifice. ●Our nationality ___57___us from others and labels ourselves as “the Asian invasion.”My suggestions ●We need to get across our inner voice to others with more stories featuring us. ●We should be regarded as an individual, not___58___but with the three-dimensional fullness. ●Asian parents should encourage their children to pursue their interest even when they ___59___ Conclusion It is our way of saying “I love you” to our parents to try to have a ___60___in the American story. 【答案】51. understand / imagine 52. prejudice 53. expectations / wishes 54. survival 55. resistant / opposed 56. conflict 57. distinguishes / tell 58. perfect 59. fail 60. place/voice 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。“我爱你”对于许多亚裔美国人来说，这个短语属于我们在电影和电视上看到的白人的美 好世界。为什么我们挣扎着说“我爱你”？作者对此进行了论述。 【51 题详解】 根据第二段第一句 So many of our Asian parents have struggled, and suffered in ways that are completely beyond the imaginations of their children born or raised in North American comfort.可知，孩子们无法理解或想象父母的 痛苦。故答案为 understand / imagine。 【52 题详解】 根据第二段中 This struggle and sacrifice was how Asian parents say “I love you” without having to say it. And so many of us children are not expected to say it either, but instead are expected to express love through gratitude,可知， 扭曲的形象造成的偏见让亚洲人羞于表达爱。故答案为 prejudice。【53 题详解】 根据第三段中 Our parents, for the most part, told us to get a good education, get a good job and not speak up, things they had to do to survive.可知，这里在说亚洲父母的期盼和希望。故答案为 expectations / wishes。 【54 题详解】 根据第三段中 Our parents, for the most part, told us to get a good education, get a good job and not speak up, things they had to do to survive.可知，他们的孩子应该服从他们，为生存做点什么。故答案为 survival。 【55 题详解】 根据第四段中 But I became a writer despite, and perhaps because of, their resistance to the idea, my inarticulate(难 以言喻的) desires pushing against their inarticulate sacrifice, all of it taking place before a backdrop of refugee（难 民）life and racial reality.可知，我从事写作是因为我的父母反对我的选择，我的愿望与他们的牺牲相冲突。 故答案为 resistant / opposed。 【56 题详解】 根据第四段中 But I became a writer despite, and perhaps because of, their resistance to the idea, my inarticulate(难 以言喻的) desires pushing against their inarticulate sacrifice, all of it taking place before a backdrop of refugee（难 民）life and racial reality.可知，我从事写作是因为我的父母反对我的选择，我的愿望与他们的牺牲相冲突。 故答案为 conflict。 【57 题详解】 根据第五段中 We knew we were different, but we found our difference a little difficult to put into words. We called ourselves “the Asian invasion.”可知，我们的国籍让我们区别于其他人，并把自己贴上“亚洲入侵”的标签。故 答案为 distinguishes / tell。 【58 题详解】 根 据 第 七 段 中 We just needed to be at the center of a story, which would include all the aspects of human subjectivity, not just the good but the bad, the three-dimensional fullness that white people took for granted with the privilege of being individuals.可知，我们应该被视为一个个体，不是完美的，而是三维的丰满。故答案为 perfect。 【59 题详解】 根据倒数第二段中 We honor your sacrifice for us, but you have to encourage your children to speak up as well, to claim their voices, to risk failure, to tell their stories and your stories. At the very least, you cannot stand in their way. 可知，亚洲父母应该鼓励他们的孩子追求他们的兴趣，即使他们失败了。故答案为 fail。 【60 题详解】 根据最后一段中 And we do that by challenging and changing the American story. We do it by taking the stage and by telling our own stories, which is really, in the end, our way of saying “I love you” to our parents, our families, our communities and our country.可知，这是我们对父母说“我爱你”的方式，试图在美国故事中有自己的声音。故 答案为 place/voice。 第五部分书面表达（满分 25 分） 61.请阅读下面图画和短文，并按要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章. 【写作内容】 1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容； 2. 结合上述信息,简要分析目前人们回家过春节的意愿变化的原因; (不少于两点) 3. 结合自己的例子，谈谈人们是否应该回家过春节？说明原因。 【写作要求】 （1）写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； （2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； （3）文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； （4）不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Spring Festival is a traditional time for family members to celebrate together. But in modern society, people have more choices like travelling and even making money besides going home. (30 words) Quite a few things give rise to the phenomenon. On one hand, the Internet makes it very convenient for children to keep in touch with their parents, so the Spring Festival is not as important as it was in terms of reunion. On the other hand, high living expenses put great pressure on some people. So it seems quite worthwhile earning a high income during this period. Also, the crowded journey and expensive tickets make people reluctant to go home. Personally, the Spring Festival is more than a vocation but a tradition we must value and pass down from generation to generation. Every time I go home, I will have a heart-to-heart talk with my parents. I also enjoy the ceremony like making jiaozi and appreciating lanterns. (127 words) 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇任务型写作。 【详解】本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：第一个任务用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；第 二个任务（1）结合上述信息，简要分析目前人们回家过春节的意愿变化的原因; (不少于两点)（2） 结合自 己的例子，谈谈人们是否应该回家过春节？说明原因；（3）阅读下面图画和短文，并按要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。第二部分给出了写作提纲。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第 二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的 短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。 【点睛】本文是一篇任务型写作。文章概括全面，要点突出，层次分明，文中使用高级句子。The Spring Festival is a traditional time for family members to celebrate together.动词不定式作后置定语；On one hand, the Internet makes it very convenient for children to keep in touch with their parents,句中 it 作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的 宾语；the Spring Festival is more than a vocation but a tradition we must value and pass down from generation to generation.句中使用定语从句；Every time I go home, I will have a heart-to-heart talk with my parents.句中 Every time 引导时间状语从句。