高三英语阶段测试（四）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共 85 分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，
并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一
小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a zoo. B. In a library. C. In a drugstore.
2. What will the man do next?
A. Change some money. B. Take the food home. C. Sit and eat his meal.
3. What does the woman suggest?
A. Buying a computer. B. Hiring an assistant. C. Starting a business.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. The weather. B. The scenery. C. The traffic.
5. When did the man see the film?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Saturday.
第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中
选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，
每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. Who is the newcomer?
A. David Cook. B. Joey Sanders. C. Liam Neeson.
7. What is the newcomer’s position in the company?
A. He is a film director. B. He is a program manager. C. He is a department head.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. What does the woman do?
A. She’s a secretary. B. She’s a hotel maid. C. She’s a salesperson.
9. What is the man going to do?A. Change the sheets. B. Have breakfast. C. Meet his friends.
10. What does the man ask the woman to do at the end of the conversation?
A. Take the plate away. B. Bring some towels. C. Turn on the light.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. Why does Jessica make the call?
A. To look for her passport. B. To apply for a credit card. C. To ask for the manager.
12. Where will Jessica go right after the phone call?
A. The bank. B. Her home. C. The supermarket.
13. How does the man sound?
A. Helpful. B. Nervous. C. Surprised.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。
14. What is the man doing?
A. Placing an order. B. Selling insurance. C. Conducting an interview.
15. What did Leaney study for a degree?
A. Finance. B. Education. C. Public Relations.
16. What is an advantage of a smaller business according to Leaney?
A. Greater contributions to the neighborhood.
B. Closer employer-employee relationship.
C. More flexibility in providing services.
17. What is Leaney’s plan for the next two weeks?
A. To visit her parents. B. To call her relatives. C. To finish her work.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。
18. What is the purpose of the talk?
A. To present a prize. B. To introduce a lecturer. C. To recommend a book.
19. Where is Russel working now?
A. In Oxford. B. In Chicago. C. In Virginia.
20. What does Russel think of sleep?
A. It’s seldom studied. B. It’s just a waste of time. C. It’s of great importance.
第二部分：英语基础知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1.Having retired from business, he now ________ himself with the welfare of the disabled and lives a meaningful
life.
A. associates B. occupies C. charges D. equips
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：退休后，他忙于为残疾人谋福利，过着有意义的生活。A. associates 联
系；B. occupies 占据；C. charges 指控；D. equips 装备，配备。此处为短语 occupy oneself with 表示“从事
与……，忙于……”。故选B。
2.-So you ________ the accident?
-Yes. I was waiting for the bus across the street.
A. witnessed B. have been witnessing C. would witness D. had witnessed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——这么说你亲眼看到了这场事故？——是 。我当时正在马路对面等公
交车。根据后文 I was waiting for the bus across the street.可知，事故发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故选 A。
3.The society can remain good as long as we are willing to fight for it—and to fight against whatever imperfections
________ exist.
A. shall B. may C. should D. would
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：只要我们愿意为这个社会努力，我们愿意去和不完美可能会出现的地方作
斗争，这个社会可能会继续美好。句中情态动词 may 意为“可能”，表示推测，语意较弱。故 B 项正确。
4.The European members are afraid that the new deal will upset the _______ balance of political interests.
A. ambitious B. arbitrary
C. delicate D. compulsory
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：欧洲成员们担心这个新的交易会打破脆弱的政治利益的平衡。A. ambitious
雄心的；有抱负的； B. arbitrary 随意的，专制的； C. delicate 脆弱的； D. compulsory 强制的；义务的； 根
据句意可知 C 项正确。
5.They _______ the business deal in less than an hour, after which they had a golf game.
的A. wrapped up B. picked up
C. called up D. took up
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在不到一个小时的时间里达成了这笔生意，之后他们打了一场高
尔夫球。A. wrapped up 达成；B. picked up 拾起；C. called up 打电话给；召集；D. took up 从事于。由“ business
deal”可知，wrapped up“达成”符合语境。故 A 选项正确。
6.The popularity of government posts has dropped in recent years, though the civil service jobs are still favored by the
Chinese as they offer a _______ stable career.
A. relatively B. regularly
C. roughly D. rigidly
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：近年来，政府职位的受欢迎程度有所下降，但公务员的职位仍然受到中国
人的青睐，因为它们提供了相对稳定的职业。A. relatively 相对地；B. regularly 规则地；C. roughly 粗略地；
D. rigidly 僵直地。由“ the civil service jobs are still favored by the Chinese”可知，公务员职位仍然受到中国人
的青睐，因为与其它工作相比，它们提供了相对稳定的职业。故 A 选项正确。
7.Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I ________ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks
quite odd and ridiculous.
A. should have done B. need have done C. would have done D. must have done
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看
起来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done 表示本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事；B. need have done 表示本
来需要做某事而没有做；C. would have done 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；D. must
have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。由“in the old days”可知，本句表示对过
去事情的假设。故选 C 项。
8.You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of _________ you think your real
interests lie.
A. that B. what
C. where D. how【答案】C
【解析】
考查宾语从句。句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解自己，以便于列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的
名单。此处由 where 引导的宾语从句，作为介词 of 的宾语，同时 where 在宾语从句中做地点状语。故选 C。
9. Scientists generally agree that Earth's climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years __________ it has
warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age.
A. as long as B. as much as
C. as soon as D. as well as
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：科学家普遍认为，在未来的 50 年到 100 年间，气候将要变暖，其幅度相当于自冰川
期至现在 2 万年间的气候变化。A.as long as 和……一样长；B.as much as 和……一样多；C.as soon as 一……
就……；D.as well as 和……一样好。这是一个表示同级比较的比较状语从句，因比较的对象是上升的温度，
所以 B 项最佳。
10.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children _______ some worry is changing the
very nature of childhood.
A. why B. who C. which D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最新公布的数据显示，科技在儿童中的使用有所增加，一些人担心这正在
改变儿童的天性。_______ some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.是一个定语从句，修试先行词 an
increase in technology use ，some worry 是插入语，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故选 C。
【点睛】定语从句的考查要从句子成分分析开始，如果句子很完整，就使用关系副词，如果句子中缺少主
语、宾语和定语，就用关系代词。这道题目的难点在于分析出 some worry 是插入语，应该先去掉不看，结
构就清晰了。
11.In the film, the actor threw himself off the horse as if ______to death.
A. shot B. shooting C. to be shot D. having shot
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在影片中，这位演员把自己从马背上摔了下来，仿佛被枪杀了。as if 后接过去分词，表示被动与完成。故选 A。
12.Every great accomplishment rests on the of what came before it; when you trace it back, you’ll see one
small step that started it all.
A. reputation B. expectation
C. recreation D. foundation
【答案】D
【解析】
D 考查名词。句意：每一个伟大的成就都依赖于它之前所发生的一切；当你追溯它的时候，你会看到是从
一个小的步骤开始的。A. reputation 名声，声望；B. expectation 期待，预期；C. recreation 娱乐，消遣；D.
foundation 基础。故选 D。
13.Member consumers of our store can enjoy some discounts _______ their membership cards when shopping.
A. in celebration of B. with reference to
C. on presentation of D. for submission to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. in celebration of 为庆祝；B. with reference to 关于；C. on presentation of 展示；
D. for submission to 提交给。句意：本店会员消费时出示会员卡可享受一定的折扣。
根据句意可知此处表示“展示、出示”，故 C 项正确。
14.—That's the third time you've done that!
—Yeah, _____?
A. what of it B. what’s on
C. what about D. what for
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。A. what of it 那又怎么样；B. what’s on C. what about 怎么样；D. what for 为何目的。
句意：——这是你第三次这么做了!——是啊，那又怎么样？结合句意可知答案为 A。
15.－What about inviting Tracy to host the party?
－Good idea! She is very quick in mind. Oh, _______, here she comes.
A. don’t pull my leg B. a little bird told me
C. speak of the devil D. it’s a piece of cake
【答案】C【解析】
【详解】考查习惯表达辨析。句意：——邀请 Tracy 来主持派对怎么样？——好主意！她头脑敏捷。说曹操，
曹操到。A. don’t pull my leg 别跟我开玩笑；B. a little bird told me 有人私下告诉我；C. speak of the devil 说曹
操，曹操就到；D. it’s a piece of cake 小菜一碟。由“here she comes”可知，speak of the devil“说曹操，曹操
就到”符合语境。故 C 选项正确。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡
上将该项涂黑。
I walked with my friend to the newsstand the other night, and he bought a paper, thanking the newspaper seller
politely. The seller didn’t even ____16____ it.
“A dull fellow, isn’t he?” I commented.
“Oh, he is that way every night,” shrugged my friend.
“Then why do you continue to be so ____17____ to him?” I asked.
“Why not?” inquired my friend. “Why should I let him ____18____ how I am going to act?”
As I thought about this incident later, it occurred to me that the ____19____ word was “ACT”. My friend acts
toward people, but most of us react toward people.
He has a sense of inner balance which is ____20____ in most of us; he knows who he is, what he stands for, how
he should ____21____ . He refuses to return impoliteness for impoliteness, ____22____ then he would no longer
control himself.
When we are instructed in the Bible to return good for evil, we look on this as a(n) ____23____ command. But
it is also a psychological prescription for our emotional health.
Nobody is ____24____ than the forever reactor. His center of emotional gravity is not rooted ____25____
himself, where it belongs, but in the world outside him. His spiritual ____26____ is always being raised or lowered
by the ____27____ climate around him, and he is a mere creature under the control of these ____28____ .
Praise gives him a feeling of excitement, which is ____29____ , because it doesn’t last and it doesn’t come from
self approval. Criticism ____30____ him more than it should, because it ____31____ his lack of confidence. Being
ignored hurt him, and the least suspicion of unpopularity in an place brings him _____32_____ .
A peace of spirit can’t be achieved until we become the ____33____ of our own actions and attitudes. To let
another determine our feelings is to give up ____34____ over our own personalities, which are essentially all we
____35____ . The only true possession is self-possession.
16. A. sense B. catch C. repeat D. acknowledge17. A. helpful B. polite C. generous D. gentle
18. A. decide B. know C. choose D. show
19. A. necessary B. useful C. important D. common
20. A. growing B. lying C. filling D. lacking
21. A. behave B. reply C. live D. react
22. A. and B. for C. but D. while
23. A. cultural B. natural C. emotional D. moral
24. A. unluckier B. unhappier C. stronger D. brighter
25. A. within B. without C. upon D. below
26. A. decision B. attitude C. temperature D. manners
27. A. social B. political C. physical D. economic
28. A. facts B. details C. elements D. instructions
29. A. effective B. false C. different D. meaningful
30. A. surprise B. excites C. disappoints D. encourages
31. A. starts B. ends C. confirms D. cures
32. A. influences B. comfort C. pleasure D. bitterness
33. A. masters B. reporters C. admirers D. inventors
34. A. advantage B. improvement C. interest D. control
35. A. appreciated B. possess C. learn D. expect
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A
26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和朋友买报纸遇到的情况，引发了对人生的思考：是应该主动回应还
是被动地作出反应呢？
【16 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卖家甚至置若罔闻。A. sense 感觉；B. catch 抓住；C. repeat 重复；D. acknowledge
告知已收到；答谢；回应。结合上文作者的朋友向卖报者表达感谢可知，但是卖报者没有回应朋友。
acknowledge 有“回应”的含义。故选 D。
【17 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“那你为什么还要对他那么客气呢？”我问。A. helpful 有帮助的；B. polite 客气的，礼貌的；C. generous 大方的；D. gentle 温和的。根据上文 thanking the newspaper seller politely 可知此
处指朋友对卖报的人非常客气。故选 B。
【18 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我为什么要让他来决定我该怎么做呢?”A. decide 决定；B. know 知道；C. choose
选择；D. show 展示。根据最后一段 To let another determine our feelings 可知，此处为首尾呼应，需要一个
determine 的同义词“decide”。故选A。
【19 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，我反复思索这件小事，我突然想到最重要的词是“主动做出反应”。A.
necessary 必要的；B. useful 有用的；C. important 重要的；D. common 普通的。根据后文“ACT”可知 act 一词
大写表示强调，说明很重要。故选 C。
【20 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他有一种内在的平衡感，这是我们大多数人所缺乏的；他了解自我，明确自己
的立场，通晓处世之道。A. growing 生长；B. lying 撒谎；C. filling 填充；D. lacking 缺少。此处考查短语 be
lacking in 表示“缺少，缺乏”。故选D。
【21 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. behave 举止端庄；B. reply 回答；C. live 生活；D. react 反应。根据上文 word
was “ACT”可知此处指的是他知道如何举止端庄（通晓处世之道）。故选 A。
【22 题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：他拒绝以怨还怨，因为他知道那样他会不再是自己的主宰了。A. and 并且；B. for 因
为；C. but 但是；D. while 当……时候。根据上下文语境可知，此处为原因状语从句，表示“因为”故用for
引导。故选 B。
【23 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们在圣经中被教导以德报怨时，我们视其为一种道德规范。A. cultural 文
化的；B. natural 自然的；C. emotional 情绪的；D. moral 道德的。根据上文 return good for evil 可知这属于道
德方面的规范。故选 D。
【24 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一味被动回应的人最不容易快乐。A. unluckier 更不幸运的；B. unhappier 更不
快乐的；C. stronger 更强壮的；D. brighter 更亮的。此处为“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义，既然是被动
者的回应，此处倾向于贬义词，故选择 unhappier，表示：被动者总是不开心的。故选 B。
【25 题详解】
考查介词辨析。句意：他情感的重心随外界转移，而非根植于自己的内心世界他的情感重心。A. within在……里面；B. without 没有；C. upon 在……之上；D. below 在……下面。与下文的 outside 相对，此处考
查固定短语 be rooted within 表示“根深蒂固于，扎根于”。故选A。
【26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的情绪随周围的社会风尚变迁，成了受这些因素摆布的可怜虫。A. decision 决
定；B. attitude 态度；C. temperature 温度；D. manners 礼貌。根据后文 climate around him 可知此处指的是精
神温度。故选 C。
【27 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. social 社会的；B. political 政治的；C. physical 物理的；D. economic 经
济的。根据上文 in the world outside him 可知外界可以影响他，外界的影响即 social climate。故选 A。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. facts 事实；B. details 细节；C. elements 因素，要素；D. instructions 说明。
这里表示他收到外界环境的摆布，说明他容易受到周围的社会风尚变迁等因素影响。故选 C。
【29 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：称赞并不能给他带来真正的快乐，因为这种快乐不持久也不来源于自我认可。
A. effective 有效的；B. false 不真实的；错误的；C. different 不同的；D. meaningful 有意义的。根据后文
because it doesn't last and it doesn’t come from self approval.可知,称赞给他的是一种不真实的
快乐。故选 B。
【30 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：批评会使他过度失望，因为他的不自信得到了证实。A. surprise 使惊奇；B. excites
使兴奋；C. disappoints 使失望；D. encourages 鼓励。上文提到赞美给他兴奋感，那么批评相对应的会让他失
望。故选 C。
【31 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：批评让他失望，因为他的不自信得到了证实。A. starts 开始；B. ends 结束；C.
confirms 证实，确认；D. cures 治愈。结合后文 his lack of confidence.可知批评证实了他的不自信。其它选项
不符合语境。故选 C。
【32 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：冷落伤害了他，一丁点的怠慢都会给他带来痛苦。A. influences 影响；B. comfort
安慰；C. pleasure 快乐；D. bitterness 苦难，痛苦。根据上文 the least suspicion of unpopularity in a place brings
him 可知都是消极词汇，再结合句意可知此处选择 bitterness 最符合语境。故选 D。
【33 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有当我们成为自己行为和态度的主人时，我们才能获得心灵的平静。A. masters主人；B. reporters 记者；C. admirers 爱慕者；D. inventors 发明家。文章出现的两个高频词 control 和 command
都提到了学会自我控制，所以此处指做自己行为和态度的主人。故选 A。
【34 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让别人来决定我们的感受，其实就是放弃对我们的人格的控制，而人格本质上
就是我们所拥有的一切。A. advantage 优势；B. improvement 改善；C. interest 兴趣；D. control 控制。让别人
来决定我们的感受，其实就是放弃对我们的人格的控制，此题为文章中的原词，与上一题相呼应。故选 D。
【35 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：让别人来决定我们的感受，其实就是放弃对我们的人格的控制，而人格本质上
就是我们所拥有的一切。A. appreciated 欣赏；B. possess 拥有；C. learn 学习；D. expect 期待。根据后文 The
only true possession is self-possession.可知后面提到的真正拥有东西就是对自我的控制，possession 是关键词。
故选 B。
【点睛】完形填空对熟词生义的考查是完形的一大难点，如第一小题，句意：卖家甚至置若罔闻。A. sense
感觉；B. catch 抓住；C. repeat 重复；D. acknowledge 答谢，回应。结合上文作者的朋友向卖报者表达感谢，
但是卖报者没有回应朋友的感谢。很多学生只知道 acknowledge 有“承认”的意思，但在此处 acknowledge
有“回复，告知收到”的含义。故选 D。
第三部分：阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术)
artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West
Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings
with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and
Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented
as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about
a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for
Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St.
212-719-1300.)
36. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?
A. A type of art. B. A teenager’s studio.
C. A great teacher. D. A group of animals.
37. Who is the director of The Audience?
A. Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan.
C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry.
38. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A. Animals Out of Paper. B. The Audience.
C. Hamilton. D. On the Twentieth Century.
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。介绍了四场演出的主要内容，导演，时间，地点等信息。
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。根据话剧 Animals Out of Paper 中的 Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv
Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv
Joseph 创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选 A。
【37 题详解】
细节理解题。根据话剧 The Audience 的 Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是 Stephen Daldry 导演的。故选 D。
【38 题详解】
细节理解题。根据音乐剧 Hamilton 的 Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in
which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，该剧的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果
你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部音乐剧。故选 C。
B
At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength,
and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and
young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and
resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.
This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which
we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually "die of
old age", and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor
of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a
ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain
alive, however lucky and robust we are.
Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the
fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more
likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair
of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe
itself, must in the nature of things "wear out".
Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and
mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact an out of energy in accordance with the second law of
thermodynamics (热力学) (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not
analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by
contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair
itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could,at one time, repair
ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve
and eighty years we gradually lose this power; an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us
out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us
to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.
39. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Our first twelve years represent the peak of human development.
B. People usually are unhappy when reminded of ageing.
C. Normally only a few of us can live to the eighties and nineties.
D. People are usually less likely to die at twelve years old.
40. The word "it" in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to .
A. remaining alive until 65.
B. remaining alive after 80.
C. dying before 65 or after 80.D. dying between 65 and 80.
41. What do the examples of watch show?
A. Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.
B. All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.
C. The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.
D. Human's ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.
【答案】39. A 40. B 41. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文围绕“衰老”这一话题展开论述，指出了人体生命力变化的抛物线趋势，12 岁最旺盛，人类的衰老不可
抗拒，人类的衰老和机械装置的衰老过程有很大区别。
【39 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its
full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence;可知人在十二岁的时候，身体最旺盛。但它还没有
达到全部大小和力量，还没有达到全部智力发展高峰。A 项错误，故选 A.
【40 题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第二段中 Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or tenth decade.
But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and
robust we are.可知一些人去世较早，少数人能活到 90 多岁到 100 岁。根据句中 but 和下文我们希望存活的时
间实际上是有限的，指代前面提到的活到 90 多岁到 100 岁的长寿情况，故选 B.
【41 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中 But a watch could never repair itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal,
which wears away by friction. We could,at one time, repair ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the
most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents.可知破损的手表由于自身结构问题，不能像人类一样进行自我修复。
人类的自我修复可以在一定程度上缓解病痛，延长生命。用手表的例子是为了说明人类和手表等机械装置
的衰老是有较大区别的。故选 D.
【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对
象，包括考查 it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she
等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词 this，that，these，those 等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章
中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的
内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如，在第 2 小题中，根据第二段中 Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or
tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,
however lucky and robust we are.可知一些人去世较早，少数人能活到 90 多岁到 100 岁。根据句中 but 和下文
我们希望存活的时间实际上是有限的，指代前面提到的活到 90 多岁到 100 岁的长寿情况。
C
When the residents of Buenos Aires want to change the pesos they do not trust into the dollars they do, they go to
an office that acts as a front for thriving illegal exchange market.
As the couriers carry their bundles of pesos around Buenos Aires, they pass grand buildings like the Teatro
Colon, an opera house that opened in 1908, and the Retiro railway station, completed in 1915. In the 43 years leading
up to 1914, GDP had grown at an annual rate of 6%, the fastest recorded in the world. In 1914 half of Buenos Aires’s
population was foreign-born. Its income per head was 92% of the average of 16 rich economies.
It never got better than this. Its income per head is now 43% of those same 16 rich economies; it trails Chile and
Uruguay in its own backyard.
The country’s dramatic decline has long puzzled economists. “If a guy has been hit 700,000 shots it’s hard to
work out which one of them killed him,” says Rafael di Tella. But three deep-lying explanations help to throw light
on the country’s decline. Firstly, Argentina may have been rich 100 years ago but it was not modern. The second
theory stresses the role of trade policy. Thirdly, when it needed to change, Argentina lacked the institutions to create
successful policies.
Argentina was rich in 1914 because of commodities; its industrial base was only weakly developed The
landowners who made Argentina rich were not so bothered about educating it: cheap labor was what counted.
Without a good education system, Argentina struggled to create competitive industries. It had benefited from
technology in its Belle Epoque period, but Argentina mainly consumed technology from abroad rather than inventing
its own.
Argentina had become rich by making a triple bet on agriculture, open market and Britain, its biggest trading
partner. If that bet turned sour, it would require a severe adjustment. The First World War delivered the initial blow to
trade. Next came the Depression, which crushed the open trading system on which Argentina depended. Dependence
on Britain, another country in decline, backfired( 失 败 ) as Argentina’s favored export market signed preferential
deals with Commonwealth countries.
After the Second World War, when the rich world began its slow return to free trade with the negotiation of the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1947, Argentina had become a more closed economy. An institution to
.control foreign trade was created in 1946; the share of trade as a percentage of GDP continued to fall. High food
prices meant big profits for farmers but empty stomachs for ordinary Argentines. Open borders increased farmers’
taking but sharpened competition from abroad for domestic industry. Heavy export taxes on crops allow the state to
top up its decreasing foreign-exchange reserves; limits on wheat exports create surpluses(过剩) that drive down local
prices. But they also dissuade farmers from planting more land, enabling other countries to steal market shares.
42. Grand buildings are mentioned in the second paragraph to show ________.
A. Argentines were talented B. Argentina was once a rich country
C. Argentines miss the past of Argentina D. Argentina has a suitable infrastructure
43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Argentina is richer than Uruguay.
B. Argentina was once attractive to immigrants.
C. Britain is playing a leading role in the development of Argentina.
D. Argentina is not serious about its agriculture and open markets.
44. The underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph implies that ________.
A. the decline of Argentina welcomes an analysis from authorities
B. it is hard to explain the reasons for Argentina’s decline
C. it takes time to explain the reasons for Argentina’s decline
D. Argentina has declined for many reasons
45. What is the root of the problem of Argentina’s trade policy?
A. Argentina depends heavily on foreign technology.
B. Many world events caused Argentina to break down.
C. Argentina failed in adjusting itself appropriately.
D The conflicts between classes needed to be solved.
【答案】42. B 43. B 44. D 45. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了阿根廷经济发展的过程、经济现状及衰退的原因。
【42 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中 Its income per head was 92% of the average of 16 rich economies.可知其人均收入是
16 个富裕经济体平均水平的 92%。由此可推知，第二段提到了宏伟的建筑，是为了表明阿根廷曾经是一个
.富裕的国家。故选 B。
【43 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中 In 1914 half of Buenos Aires's population was foreign-bor.可知 1914 年，布宜诺斯
艾利斯一半的人口是外国出生的。由此可知，当时阿根廷有许多外国人，将近一半的人口是外国出生的，
阿根廷曾经对移民很有吸引力。故选 B。
【44 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文 But three deep-lying explanations help to throw light on the country’s decline.可知但有三
种深层次的解释有助于解释阿根廷这个国家的衰落。由此可知，此处分析阿根廷经济衰退的三个深层次的
原因，表明原因不止一个，有许多原因。故第 4 段加下划线的这句话意思是，阿根廷由于许多原因而衰落。
故选 D。
45 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中 The second theory stresses the role of trade policy. Thirdly, when it needed to
change, Argentina lacked the institutions to create successful policies.可知第二种理论强调贸易政策的作用。第三，
当需要改变时，阿根廷缺乏制定成功政策的体系。以及倒数第二段中 Next came the Depression, which crushed
the open trading system on which Argentina depended. Dependence on Britain, another country in decline, backfired
as Argentina’s favored export market signed preferential deals with Commonwealth countries.可知接下来是大萧条，
它摧毁了阿根廷所依赖的开放贸易体系。另一个正在衰落的国家英国对阿根廷的依赖产生了反作用，因为
阿根廷青睐的出口市场与英联邦国家签署了优惠协议。由此可知，阿根廷贸易政策问题的根源是阿根廷未
能进行适当的调整。故选 C。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，
同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些
特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化
为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第二小
题属于是非辨别型。根据第二段中 In 1914 half of Buenos Aires's population was foreign-bor.可知 1914 年，布
宜诺斯艾利斯一半的人口是外国出生的。由此可知，当时阿根廷有许多外国人，将近一半的人口是外国出
生的，阿根廷曾经对移民很有吸引力。故选 B。
D
Sometimes just when we need the power of miracles to change our beliefs， they materialize in
the places we’d least expect. They can come to us as a drastic alteration in our physical reality
or as a simple synchronicity in our lives. Sometimes they’re big and can’t be missed Other times
they’re so subtle that if we aren’t aware， we may miss them altogether. They can come from
【the lips of a stranger we suddenly and mysteriously encounter at just the right instant. If we
listen carefully, we’ll always hear the right words，at the right time， to dazzle us into a
realization of something that we may have failed to notice only moments before.
On a cold January afternoon in 1989，I was hiking up the trail that leads to the top of
Egypt’s Mt. Horeb. I’d spent the day at St. Catherine’s Monastery and wanted to get to the
peak by sunset to see the valley below. As I was winding up the narrow path，I’d occasionally
see other hikers who were coming down from a day on the mountain. While they would generally pass
with simply a nod or a greeting in another language，there was one man that day who did
neither.
I saw him coming from the last switchback on the trail that led to the backside of the mountain.
As he got closer，I could see that he was dressed differently from the other hikers I’d
seen. Rather than the high-tech fabrics and styles that had been the norm，this man was wearing
traditional Egyptian clothing. He wore a tattered， rust-colored galabia and obviously old and
thick-soled sandals that were covered in dust. What made his appearance so odd，though，was that
the man didn’t even appear to be Egyptian！ He was a small-framed Asian man, had very little
hair，and was wearing round，wire-rimmed glasses.
As we neared one another，I was the first to speak.“Hello，”I said，stopping on the trail for
a moment to catch my breath. Not a sound came from the man as he walked closer. I thought that
maybe he hadn’t heard me or the wind had carried my voice away from him in another direction.
Suddenly he stopped directly in front of me on the high side of the trail， looked up from the
ground， and spoke a single sentence to me in English，“Sometimes you don’t know what you have
lost until you’ve lost it.”As I took in what I had just heard，he simply stepped around me and
continued his descent down the trail.
That moment in my life was a small miracle. The reason is less about what the man said and more
about the timing and the context. The year was 1989，and the Cold War was drawing to a close. What
the man on the trail couldn’t have known is that it was during my Egyptian pilgrimage， and
specifically during my hike to the top of Moses’s mountain，that I’d set the time aside to make
decisions that would affect my career in the defense industry，my friends，my family，and，
ultimately，my life.
I had to ask myself what the chances were of an Asian man dressed in an Egyptian galabia coming down from the
top of this historic mountain just when I was walking up，stopping before me，and offering his wisdom，seemingly from out of nowhere. My answer to___46___was easy： the odds were slim to none！ In an encounter that lasted
less than two minutes on a mountain halfway around the world from my home， a total stranger had brought
clarity， and the hint of a warning， regarding the huge changes that I would make within a matter of days. In my
way of thinking，that’s a miracle.
I suspect that we all experience small miracles in our lives every day. Sometimes we have the wisdom and the
courage to recognize them for what they are. In the moments when we don’t，that’s okay as well. It seems that our
miracles have a way of coming back to us again and again. And each time they do，they become a little
less___47___，until we can’t possibly miss the message that they bring to our lives！
The key is that they’re everywhere and occur every day for different reasons， in response to
the different needs that we may have in the moment. Our job may be less about questioning the
extraordinary things that happen in our daily lives and more about accepting the gifts they bring.
46. Why did the author make a pilgrimage to Mt. Horeb in Egypt?
A. He was in search of a miracle in his life.
B. It was a holy place for a religious person to head for.
C. He intended to make arrangements for his life in the future.
D. He waited patiently in expectation of meeting a wise person.
47. What does the underlined part “my own question” refer to in Paragraph 6?
A. For what reason did the man stop before me?
B. Why did the Asian man go to the mountain?
C. What change would I make within a matter of days?
D. What was the probability that others told us the right words?
48. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “subtle” in Paragraph
7?
A. Apparent. B. Delicate.
C. Precise. D. Sufficient.
49.The author viewed the encounter with the Asian man as a miracle in his life in that .
A. the Asian man’s appearance had a deciding effect on his future life
B. his words were in perfect response to the need he had at that moment
C. what the Asian man said was abundant in the philosophy of life
D the Asian man impressed on him the worth of what he had possessed.50. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Can you recognize a miracle?
B. Is a miracle significant to us?
C. When might a miracle occur?
D. Why do we need a miracle?
【答案】46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A
【解析】
试题分析:可知作者通过讲述了一个发生在自己身上的奇迹来讲述人生的哲理：我们要多发现和接受生活中
的对自己有启发的奇迹。
【46 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的 What the man on the trail couldn't have known is that it was during my Egyptian
pilgrimage， and specifically during my hike to the top of Moses's mountain，that I'd set the time aside to make
decisions that would affect my career in the defense industry，my friends，my family，and，ultimately，my life.
可知去埃及的这场旅行对作者的意义重大，帮助作者对今后的人生做了规划，故选 C。
【47 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据 I had to ask myself what the chances were of an Asian man dressed in an Egyptian galabia
coming down from the top of this historic mountain just when I was walking up，stopping before me，and offering
his wisdom，seemingly from out of nowhere. My answer to my own question was easy：可知我的问题是会不会
有人无私的把自己的智慧告诉别人，故选 D。
【48 题详解】
B 词义猜测题。根据短文 It seems that our miracles have a way of coming back to us again and again. And each
time they do，they become a little less subtle，until we can’t possibly miss the message that they bring to our lives！
可知每次奇迹都会重来一遍，每重来一次，奇迹就会越变越脆弱、越微小，故选 B。
【49 题详解】
B 事实细节题。根据短文 The reason is less about what the man said and more about the timing and the context.可
知这个男人的话里的内容正好是我所需要的，故选 B。
【50 题详解】
A 主旨大意题。根据 That moment in my life was a small miracle.可知作者通过讲述了一个发生在自己身上的
奇迹来讲述人生的哲理，故选 A。
考点：考查故事类短文阅读
第四部分任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格
只填一个单词。
Why Should You Be an Intrapreneur at work?
Wikipedia defines intrapreneurship as “the act of behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a large
organization.” In my view, intrapreneurs are people who have a strong interest in thinking outside the box, pushing
new ideas forward in their companies and speaking their mind.
Taking this road isn’t usually a popular choice. It’s easier to go with the flow, collect your paycheck and call it a
day. However, the benefits of being an empowered, vocal (直言不讳的) employee are huge. Becoming an
intrapreneur at work can help your career and even the careers of people around you in a variety of ways.
Speaking up when something isn’t going as you think it should - even if it’s just the way a project is being
approached - demonstrates confidence and forward thinking. If you’ve never viewed yourself as a leader, this might
seem very daunting (使人畏缩的) at first. And many people, women especially, might even feel as though they need
permission to make their voice heard. The following quote opened my eyes and shifted my perspective on this many
years ago:
“The thing women have yet to learn is nobody gives you power. You just take it.”
-Roseanne Barr
Even if they disagree with you, your colleagues are more likely to respect you as a professional if you
demonstrate assertiveness (自信) and independent thinking. Respect yourself and your own ideas, and others will
respect you in turn.
Intrapreneurs understand that their careers are in their own hands. If they’re unhappy at work or don’t like
something about their workplace or responsibilities, they don’t complain about it; they take steps to change it. Being
active instead of passive about your goals and personal vision will make you happier - with your job and yourself - in
the long run.
Vocal employees are more likely to produce a culture where everyone believes they can contribute to a larger
conversation about the company and its future. This is the key to producing a truly collaborative (协作的) culture that
fosters loyalty.
Intrapreneurs don’t think of an idea and then shelve (搁置) it because “the boss will never go for it.” They push
forward and ensure their ideas have a voice. They also think creatively about finding a way to make the idea fit within
an existing initiative or program. Without people who’re willing to go to bat for their ideas, nothing new and
innovative is likely to happen.
Wouldn’t you rather be that person?Why Should You Be an Intrapreneur at work?
Concept of
an intrapreneur
Someone who tends to think ___51___ and speak up in the workplace
____52____
of being an
intrapreneur
It
demonstrates
leadership.
◆ To say what you think if you find anything ____53____ during
work is a demonstration of confidence and forward thinking.
◆ Hard as it is to make one’s voice heard, ____54____ for women, you
should give yourself the power to express your ideas.
You’ll be
more respected.
◆ If you think ____55____, your colleagues will respect you even
if they hold different ideas.
You will be
happier.
◆ Facing something not ____56____ during work, an
intrapreneur won’t complain but act to change the situation.
◆ Being active will bring more happiness to you.
Your
company will
become a better
place for everyone
to work in.
An intrapreneur ______57______other people in the company to
put forward ideas, which helps to ____58____ a working environment
where everyone likes to work together and faithfully.
Pioneering
new ideas is how
innovation happens
◆ An intrapreneur won’t come up with a new idea and then give it
up.
◆ An intrapreneur will use his or her brain to ___59___ the new idea to
a(n) _____60_____ program.
◆ It is because of the new ideas brought up by an intrapreneur that
innovation appears in the company.
【答案】51. creatively 52. Benefits
53. wrong 54. especially/ particularly
55. independently
56. satisfactory/ satisfying/ pleasant
57. inspires/ encourages
58. produce/ build
59. adapt 60. existing
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章说明了在工作中内部创新者是指那些对跳出固有思维模式、在公司里推动新想法、
表达自己想法有强烈兴趣的人，以及详细说明了成为内部创新者的好处。
【51 题详解】
根据第一段中 In my view, intrapreneurs are people who have a strong interest in thinking outside the box, pushing
new ideas forward in their companies and speaking their mind.可知在我看来，内部创业者是那些对跳出固有思维
模式、在公司里推动新想法、表达自己想法有强烈兴趣的人。由此可知，“企业内部创新者”的概念是：
在工作场合倾向于创造性思维和大胆发言的人。修饰动词 think 表示“创造性地”应用副词creatively。故填
creatively。
【52 题详解】
根据右边内容可知是在说明成为一名企业内部创新者的好处。benefit“好处”为可数名词，前面没有冠词，
故应填复数名词 benefits。故填 Benefits。
【53 题详解】
根据第三段中 Speaking up when something isn’t going as you think it should - even if it’s just the way a project is
being approached - demonstrates confidence and forward thinking.可知当事情没有像你想的那样进展时，大胆地
说出来——即使这只是项目进行的方式——表现出自信和前瞻性思维。由此可知，如果你在工作中发现了
什么问题，说出你的想法，这是一种自信和前瞻性思维的表现。此处为短语 find sth. wrong“发现某事不
对”。应用形容词wrong 做宾补。故填 wrong。
【54 题详解】
根据第三段中 And many people, women especially, might even feel as though they need permission to make their
voice heard.可知许多人，尤其是女性，甚至觉得自己需要得到允许才能发出自己的声音。由此可知，虽然让
别人听到自己的声音很难，尤其是对女性来说，你应该给自己表达想法的权力。表示“尤其，特别是”应
用副词 especially/ particularly。故填 especially/ particularly。
【55 题详解】根据第五段中 Even if they disagree with you, your colleagues are more likely to respect you as a professional if you
demonstrate assertiveness and independent thinking.可知即使他们不同意你的观点，如果你表现出自信和独立思
考，你的同事也更有可能把你当作专业人士来尊重。由此可知，如果你独立思考，你的同事会尊重你，即
使他们有不同的想法。修饰动词 think 且表示“独立地”应用副词 independently。故填 independently。
【56 题详解】
根据第六段中 If they’re unhappy at work or don’t like something about their workplace or responsibilities, they
don’t complain about it; they take steps to change it.可知如果他们对工作不满意，或者不喜欢工作场所或职责中
的某些东西，他们不会抱怨，他们采取措施改变现状。由此可知，在工作中遇到不愉快的事情，内部创新
者不会抱怨，而是采取行动来改变情况。此处做定语修饰不定代词 something 且表示“愉快的，满意的”应
用形容词 satisfactory/ satisfying/ pleasant。故填 satisfactory/ satisfying/ pleasant。
【57 题详解】
根据第七段 Vocal employees are more likely to produce a culture where everyone believes they can contribute to a
larger conversation about the company and its future. This is the key to producing a truly collaborative culture that
fosters loyalty.可知直言不讳的员工更有可能创造出一种文化，在这种文化中，每个人都相信自己可以为更广
泛地谈论公司及其未来做出贡献。这是产生一种真正的协作文化的关键，这种文化可以培养忠诚。由此可
知，内部创新者鼓励公司里的其他人提出想法，这有助于创造一个工作环境，在那里每个人都喜欢一起工
作，互相信任。在句中作谓语且表示“鼓励”应用动词 inspire/encourage，且为一般现在时，主语为 An
intrapreneur，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填 inspires/ encourages。
【58 题详解】
根据第七段 Vocal employees are more likely to produce a culture where everyone believes they can contribute to a
larger conversation about the company and its future. This is the key to producing a truly collaborative culture that
fosters loyalty.可知直言不讳的员工更有可能创造出一种文化，在这种文化中，每个人都相信自己可以为更广
泛地谈论公司及其未来做出贡献。这是产生一种真正的协作文化的关键，这种文化可以培养忠诚。由此可
知，内部创新者鼓励公司里的其他人提出想法，这有助于创造一个工作环境，在那里每个人都喜欢一起工
作，互相信任。表示“创造，产生”应用动词 produce/ build，且根据上文 help to do sth.可知应用动词原形。
故填 produce/ build。
【59 题详解】
根据倒数第二段中 They also think creatively about finding a way to make the idea fit within an existing initiative or
program.可知他们还会创造性地思考，找到一种方法，使想法适合于现有的计划或计划。由此可知，内部创
新者将用他或她的大脑使新思想适应现有的程序。表示“适应”应用动词 adapt，且根据上文 use sth. to do
sth.可知应填动词原形。故填 adapt。【60 题详解】
根据倒数第二段中 They also think creatively about finding a way to make the idea fit within an existing initiative or
program.可知他们还会创造性地思考，找到一种方法，使想法适合于现有的计划或计划。由此可知，内部创
新者将用他或她的大脑使新思想适应现有的程序。修饰名词 program 且表示“现有的”应用形容词existing。
故填 existing。
第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分）
61.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
A Chinese boy is reported to have spent about 2 million yuan in studying in New Zealand but failed to get any
diploma. He even could not take care of himself and his grandmother had to feed him.
The man in the case is a so-called adult baby, because his deeds make him almost the same as a baby. He cannot
take care of himself. He is unable to go to school, let alone finish studies. He even relies on his grandmother to feed
him.
However, he burns money faster than any normal student. He spent about 2 million yuan in two years overseas,
but could not finish even the preparatory courses. We do not mean to judge his choice, but someone who lacks the
basic ability to survive has little chance of success in any modern society.
In a later interview, the mother of the boy was in tears and said she regretted not having taught her son well.She
also told the story about how she “educated” her son: meeting all his demands, even the unreasonable ones. When he
did not perform well in school, she simply spent money in sending him overseas; she would buy whatever he wanted.
That was bad for her and bad for him.
【写作内容】
1. 以约 30 个单词概括文章大意；
2. 谈谈你如何看待“巨婴”现象，然后用 2～3 个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】内容完整、语言规范、语篇连贯、词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A Chinese boy consumed a large sum of money in two years overseas. What's worse, he couldn't live on
himself and didn't get a diploma eventually.
The phenomenon sets me thinking. The boy depicted in the passage is not the single case, resulting from several
factors. First and foremost, there exist some parents spoiling the young and giving whatever their children want, even
though their demands are irrational occasionally. In the second place, some parents focus more on children's
academic performances, ignoring the education of survival skills. Last but not least, some young people are
self-centered and take it for granted that others serve them.
From where I stand, it's high time that we took some measures to cope with this problem. To begin with, parents
should strike a balance between discipline and love, letting their children try something themselves. Additionally, the
young should establish proper values and communicate more with others.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，要求写一篇议论文；要求为：1. 以约 30 个单词概括文章大意；2. 谈谈你
如何看待“巨婴”现象，然后用 2～3 个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如： single case 个别案例；First and foremost 首要的是；irrational
不合理的；academic performances 学校表现；education of survival skills 生存技能教育；Last but not least 最后
也是最重要的；self-centered 自我中心的；take it for granted 理所当然；cope with 处理；establish proper values
树立合适的价值观。
第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美
观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭
英语的能力。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 The
boy depicted in the passage is not the single case, resulting from several factors.使用了现在分词的使用以丰富句式；
First and foremost, there exist some parents spoiling the young and giving whatever their children want, even though their demands are irrational occasionally. 同时运用宾语从句和状语从句，全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显
示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。本试卷的题干、答案和解析均由组卷网（http://zujuan.xkw.com）专业教师团队编校出品。
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