目录
六. 阅读理解—主旨大意题 ________________________________________________________1
6.1 篇章主旨题 _______________________________________________________________1
6.2 篇章目的题 _______________________________________________________________7
6.3 段落主旨题 ______________________________________________________________14六. 阅读理解—主旨大意题
6.1 篇章主旨题
【命题方式】
1. 常见命题形式(主旨类)
The main idea/ key point of this passage is that _______.
The passage is mainly about ______.
The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is that ______.
From the passage we can learn/conclude that _____.
The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ______.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
2.标题类(best title)
The best title/ headline for this passage is _______.
What might be the best title for the story?
【解题技巧】
1.定位文章的主旨句：【标题、首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句】及【高频词】。
2.没有明显主旨句：各段中心句总结相加法或者语文总结中心思想法。
3.标题题还可以用反向逆推法，即锁定选项标题，以此自己构思一篇文章，看看和阅读文章的安排构思
是否一致。
【分析选项特点】
正确选项特点：
1. 是主题句、关键词 2. 能概括文章全部内容 3. 含义深刻或说明道理
错误选项特点：
1. 无中生有的新内容 2. 范围过宽或过窄（某一细节内容） 3. 偷换概念
文章标题特点：
1.独特新颖（吸引读者） 2.概括性强（不能只概括某些事实和细节） 3.短小精悍【典例分析】
1
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their
wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us
ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard
shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and
support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌)
networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to
keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in
our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about "mother trees", usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.
She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to
young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "mother trees" with no awareness of these
highly complex "tree societies" or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival
for the entire forest.
"We didn't take any notice of it" Simard says sadly. "Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees
before dying, but we never give them chance." If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we
could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C. Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D. Trees Contribute To Our Society
2
Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many
animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the
honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though,
people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird
cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees' nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has
their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads
them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the
bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the
honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get
it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a
beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
What can be the best title for the text?
A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover's Helper
3
Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies
like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young.
They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It
is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red
on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its
nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.
Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much
like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30
birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven
birds for producing purposes.
1. What is the text mainly about?
A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.
B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
2. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that .A. they look like young cuckoos B. they have claws on the wings
C. they eat a lot like a cow D. they live on river banks
3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?
A. They had claws to help them climb.
B. They could fly long distances.
C. They had four wings like hoatzins.
D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.
4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
A. To find more food. B. To protect themselves better.
C. To keep themselves warm. D. To produce their young.
4
Science can’t explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help
lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread
all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a
husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张)
levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners — while they performed 5 minutes of mental
arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close
friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in
blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made
fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松)
around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an
effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat
people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets
were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs
did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn’t lose
any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall — mostly with their
dogs — and found it worth doing.
1. What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their owners. B. How pets help people calm down.
C. People’s opinions of keeping pets. D. Pet’s value in medical research.
2. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if .
A. he has a pet companion B. he has less stress of work
C. he often does mental arithmetic D. he is taken care of by his family
3. According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?
A. They have lower blood pressure. B. They become more patient.
C. They are less nervous. D. They are in higher spirits.
4. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that _____.
A. people with dogs did more exercise
B. dogs lost the same weight as people did
C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D. people without dogs found the program unhelpful
5
When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The
four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both
her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff ( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet,
bouncing off a rock into the sea.
Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds.
Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a
90-minute search.
Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his
holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in
the most beautiful part of the country.
For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve
Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.
A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he
sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.
The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water
from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also
fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said, “It was a very dog. She
survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.
It was, as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle (奇迹)”. 1. The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was .
A. rescuing her owner B. caught in a hurricane
C. blocked by a rock D. running after a sheep
2. Who spotted Judy after the accident?
A. A birdwatcher. B. A student from Leeds.
C. Six volunteers. D. The coastguard of Cornwall.
3. What can we infer from the text?
A. People like to travel with their pets.
B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.
C. Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.
D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Miracle of the Coastguard B. Surviving a Hurricane
C. Dangers in the Wild D. Coming Back from the Dead
6
Working women make up nearly half of the U.S. workforce, and 51 percent of professional workers, like
doctors, lawyers, nurses and accountants, are female. While climbing the career ladder can be rewarding, it
often comes with one big downside: weight gain!
New research published this week in the International Journal of Obesity shows that working women are
more likely to be overweight, and the more you work, the more pounds you’re likely to pile on. Like many
women, I work... a lot! As a self-employed nutrition communications specialist, I sit at my desk, in front of a
computer, for hours on end. Sitting alone is one of the worst things you can do for your health, and it’s
directly linked to being overweight and increased fatness, so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight
isn’t that surprising. If you work, you have less time to move around. Obesity（肥胖症）researchers are
revealing many other ways that employment is harmful to your diet and waistline.
In the International Journal of Obesity study, some 9,276 Australian women aged 45-50 had their body
weight and employment status monitored for two years. Results? Those who worked more than 35 hours were
likely to gain weight compared to those who worked fewer hours or were out of the workforce. What’s more,
the more hours a woman worked in a week, the more weight she gained.
The authors of the Australian study attribute weight gain among working women to inactivity, lack of
time for food preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more
alcohol. I’ll also add in travel, meals eaten out and working at night as other factors that I can find to make balancing work with a healthy diet a challenge.
1.The text above is probably taken from ______.
A. a sports report B. a fashion journal
C. a health and fitness magazine D. an advertisement post
2.A woman who works as an accountant is more likely to ______.
A. gain more weight B. have more time to move around
C. work a full time job D. keep a balanced diet
3.Which is NOT the cause of working women weight gaining according to the passage？
A. Lacking time for food preparation. B. Using more prepared food.
C. Consuming too much alcohol. D. Taking part in more activities.
4.What can be a suitable title for the test?
A. Less activity leads to fat. B. Ways of gaining weight.
C. Effects of weight gaining. D. Working women more likely pile on pounds
6.2 篇章目的题
【命题方式】
The purpose/intention of this passage is that ______.
The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .
【解题技巧】
1.说明文：to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）
2.议论文：to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）
3.记叙文：to make people laugh, to tell an interesting experience，to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发
笑）
4.广告文体写作目的题一般用 advertise!文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如 book,可能是书的前言或
简介,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advertisement): to sell a product or a service, to
attract more visitors/readers/audience.
5.新闻报道写作目的题常用 report!若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC 等提示,如
(XINHUA NET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与 news 有关!
【典例分析】
1ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia - One of the world's most famous fossils ( 化石) - the 3.2 million-year-old
Lucy skeleton ( 骨骼 ) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 - will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in
the United States, officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.
The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital. Addis Ababa is a replica while
the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Service in to
U.S. tour. Texas spent four years disscusing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour. Which will start in Houston
next September.
"Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world," said Joel
Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.
The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York. Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other
U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out. Traveling with Lucy will be
190 other fossils.
Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the
skeleton of what was once a 3½-foot-ball ape-man (猿人).
The author writes this text mainly to .
A. introduce a few U.S. museums B. describe some research work
C. discuss the value of an ape-man D. report a coming event
2
When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends,
and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisement and
other correspondence that do not interest the at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need special
laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse.
Computer programs allow spammers to spend hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and
more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual（个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with
spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each
time?
This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam emails contain computer
viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail on for their employees
to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity
and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs
of companies, which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer.
For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be
fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all
over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.
What is the purpose of the text?
A. To inform B. To educate C. To persuade D. To instruct
3
Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.
But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of
heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）
within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people
exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of
exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.
S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe
for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly
modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to
be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So
stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also
become necessary to protect public health.
The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .
A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain
4
Finally, a cell phone
That's ... a phone
With rates as low as $3.75 per week!
“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour
before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The
phones all have cameras, computers and a "global-positioning" something or other that's supposed to spot me
from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren't
much help. They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And
the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive ... and the contract (合同）lasted for two years! I'd almost
given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of
being about to stay in touch --- with a phone I can actually use.”
Affordable plans that I can understand 一 and no contract to sign (签订）！ Unlike other cell phones，
Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk
more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all,
there is no contract to sign—so I'm not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service is second
to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.
Monthly Minutes 50 100
Monthly Rate $14.99 $19.99
911 Access FREE FREE
Long Distance Calls No additional charge No additional charge
Friendly Return Policy 30 days 30 days
Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don't love it, just
return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with it as I
am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer
your questions. Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. jitterbugdirect.com.
The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. tell a customer's story of Jitterbug
B. provide two ways to order Jitterbug
C. give a brief introduction of Jitterbug
D. attract potential customers to Jitterbug
5
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun
production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain
animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and
animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on
the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special
are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens (威
胁 ) human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the
destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition,
new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean
the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the
world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global
warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local
environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown
coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is
surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
1. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?
A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.
B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.
C. It slows down the loss of shade trees.
D. It improves local soil conditions.
2. The purpose of the text is to .
A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade
3. Where does this text probably come from?
A. An agricultural magazine. B. A medical journal.
C. An engineering textbook. D. A tourist guide.
4. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
【解析】
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子：
The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of
oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.可知阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来空气污
染和全球气温变暖，故选 B。
2.D 写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的句子：
But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a hig
her cost.可知作者的意图是劝说人们购买阴凉处种植的咖啡，这样对环境是有好处的，故选 D。
3.A 推理判断题。文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来的破坏，应该是出自一本农业杂志，故选 A。
4.A 文章结构题。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产的话题，二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生
产带来的破坏，第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡，所以是总分总的结构，故选
A。
6
I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun, potting flowers outdoors. But that was before the pair of crows
(乌鸦). Out of nowhere, they had set up their base camp in our backyard.
We first discovered our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made
traveled through our neighborhood. I figured they'd go away soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably
annoying my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little desperate.
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I looked out the kitchen window to see our dog Quatchi staring at something on
the ground. I went to explore and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed
perfectly still as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi touched his nose to its head did it walk away. I
grabbed the dog and locked him inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining strength as
its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I forgave the crows.
To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. I also have a healthy respect for birds. They're basically
living dinosaurs.
I wish they'd chosen another backyard. There are only so many sunny days in Seattle, and I still can't do any
gardening out there. But I'm also grateful that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It's pretty amazing.The experience has also strengthened my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of
bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
The author writes the text mainly to _____.
A. show an annoying situation B. share a personal experience
C. call on readers to protect birds D. seek advice on dealing with crows
7
Stained glass (彩色玻璃) artists create different designs by making cuts on the glass to “score” it and
then breaking off the pattern that they want to use in the finished product. The most difficult cut in stained
glass is called an inside cut. Basically, it’s a curved (弯曲的) line where you throw away the part inside of the
curve. The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored
glass are broken apart.
As the artist talked about inside cuts, he said, “The glass will break into pieces if you try to cut too much
off at once. The best way to do an inside cut is to slice off smaller curves piece-by-piece. In fact, it’s not just
the best way to do it, but it’s the only way to do it.”
How many times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince
ourselves that we can do this all the time. We’ll commit to transforming our diet overnight or we get inspired
to launch a business in a weekend or we finally get motivated to work out and push ourselves to the edge of
burning out.
Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting by slicing a shallow curve
and breaking a small piece off, you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off until you have your full
inside cut. By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves, you prevent the glass from breaking as it change
shape.
Of course, change isn’t easy — no matter how you do it. Slow gains are boring, but if we keep making
small improvements, then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands instead of a
bunch of broken pieces.
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of stained glass.
B. To introduce the skill of an inside cut.
C. To appreciate designs of stained glass artists.
D. To share his opinions on how to make a change.6.3 段落主旨题
【命题方式】
What is the third paragraph mainly about?
What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
What does Paragraph 3 focus on?
What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?
【解题技巧】
找常具有概括性和深刻性的段落主题句。
1）第一句是中心句：即第一句是中心，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。如果从第二句就开始对第一
句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，
如 for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other;
some, others 等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。
2）第二句是中心句：第一句是过渡句。第二句与第一句存在转折关系（but, however, yet, in fact）或者
递进关系（moreover, after all, indeed）
3）句尾是中心句：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一
句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特
征。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。
学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如 so，so that, therefore，thus，consequently; in conclusion，in short;
in a word, to sum up；all in all; generally 等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。
4）没有明显的中心句：充分发挥语文总结中心思想能力，能用最简洁的一两个词概括总结出段落主旨
大意。
1
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have
never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swim for years can still swim as ever when
he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and
hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter
the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star". Remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the
Three Bears.
What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
2
The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to
hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger. With a chip in the hand,
a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand
near a scanner. The chips will he also used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, but do
not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead.
They can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands as if they had an implanted chip.
What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The substitutes of the chips. B. The advantages of the chips.
C. The places to implant the chips. D. The potential risks of implanting the chips.
3
But the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s first worldwide health check of the
plants says that they are coming under huge pressure from human activities such as land use changes,
commercial and residential developments and shrimp farming. But the paper said the driver of cacti species
extinction was the “uncontrolled collection of live plants and private decorating collections, and annual
agriculture.”
What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. What causes cacti species extinction B. What gives people pressure
C. What IUCN has found D. What farmers have planted
4
However, can these kinds of games really be fun and can being absorbed in virtual reality be good for us? Should we worry about their effects on our health? Popular games like Grand Theft Auto have been blamed
for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Internet safety adviser, Alan
MacKenzie, thinks “any people understandably will just think that a game is just a game and not realizing the
exact content that’s in there”. He gives an example of the violence, which he says is “wholly inappropriate for
anybody, not to mention children.”
Paragraph 3mainly talks about .
A. games contain extreme violence
B. the contents of the game are complex
C. gaming is a harmful form of entertainment
D. popular games lead to students' falling results at school
5
Halfway up Ben Navis, one of his shoes broke, so he had to tape the shoes to his feet to make sure they
stayed on. The weather didn’t make it easy for him either, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole
time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. Due to these difficult conditions, Ben and his
friend had to turn back after reaching 900 meters up the mountain.
What does Paragraph 3 focus on?
A. The difficulties in the climb. B. The climbing route.
C. The terrible weather. D. The unexpected incident.
6
It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott. Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives with her in South
Kingstown. Derr has dementia (痴呆). The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year has become a true
companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Eliot is at work. Elliott said a robotic
cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.
What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?
A. The more functions of the cat, the better.
B. The cat gives much help to the elderly.
C. There is no cure for dementia at present.
D. Mary Derr would have died without the cat.
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