2020年高考英语实用讲义之专题05 高考阅读理解之词义猜测题

目录 七. 阅读理解—词义猜测题________________________________________________________________1 7.1 词义猜测题—生词生义/生词生义____________________________________________________1 7.2 词义猜测题—指代题 ______________________________________________________________3七. 阅读理解—词义猜测题 7.1 词义猜测题—生词生义/生词生义 【命题方式】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 6. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 【解题技巧】 1.返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 2.确定该词汇的词性 3.找具有相同词性的词 4.找线索：找解释说明（下定义，同位释义，举例子） 5.找线索：找逻辑关系 6.构词法（积累常考的词根词缀） 【典例分析】 *找解释说明：下定义，同位释义，举例子 1.下定义：be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, define, be considered to be, represent 【典例分析】 1）Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. 哑剧 2）Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 人类学 4）Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”.绿色建筑 2.同位释义 as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely .词、 短语或从句，标点符号（逗号，冒号、破折号、括号） 【典例分析】1）We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. 大厅 2）He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. 胡须 3 ） Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. 人工智能 3.举例法： for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 以及标点符号（括号、 破折号、冒号等） 【典例分析】 1）You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. 期刊 2）Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. 几何图形 *找逻辑关系 1.同义关系 and，or, like, similarly 1）Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly（相同地） loquacious. 爱说话的 2）They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 狂人 2.反义关系 although, but, however , whereas , nevertheless，on the contrary, in contrast, instead（of）, rather than 1）Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. 不变的 2）He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . 变坏 3.因果关系 as a result, thus, for, because, for this reason, so, since, so that, so/such…that 1）She wanted the hairdresser（发型师） to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 修剪 2） The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 浑浊 3）It rained, so the football match was postponed. 延期 4.语境 1) I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give up easily. 坚定的 5.常识 1) It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 富裕的 2) As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances. 发明 *构词法：派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 【典例分析】 They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions.在 overestimate 词中 over-是前缀，意为“过分”。因此 overestimate 的词义可以猜测为“过高估计”的意思。 We were told that our's was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it. Spacious 是由词根 space(空间)+ious(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽 敞的”。 7.2 词义猜测题—指代题 【命题方式】 The underlined word “they" in the second paragraph refers to “____”. The underlined word "one" in the 3rd paragraph refers to “____”. The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to “____”. 【解题技巧】 承前指代 — 代指前文出现的词或句子。 【典例分析】 If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle. 【真题综合练习】 1 We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.” What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Explanation. B. Finding. C. Origin. D. Fault. 2 Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _______. A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution 3 The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hole in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in then. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “____”. A. appointment B. connection C. interview D. agreement 4 I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on 5 By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Advertising in newspapers. B. Including pictures in ads. C. selling goods in markets. D. Working with ad agencies. 6But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits ，they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet. The underlined word “they" in the second paragraph refers to “____”. A. environments B. holidays C. wages D. benefits 7 Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby(业余爱好)：She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I Was looking to lose a few pounds, too；so it's a win-win situation all around.” What does the word “residents’’ in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．chickens B．tomatoes C．gardens D．people 8 There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best. What does the underlined word "dilapidated" probably mean? A. Dirty B. Dark C. Worn-out D. Plain-looking. 9 As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m. I used to use it, but now I’m afraid. The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to _____. A. taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport 10 I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, “I’m having a dinner party” means: “I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can’t afford, and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.” Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They’ll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: “Where are you going?” And it’s not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone knows I have nowhere to go. What does the word “shot” in Paragraph I probably mean? A. Choice. B. Try. C. Style. D. Goal.