南阳市一中 2020 届春期高三年级第 15 次考试
英 语 试 题
使用日期：2020-4-4
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I stopped to watch my little girl busy playing in her room. In one hand was a plastic phone; in the other a toy. I
listened as she was speaking to her make-believe little friend. And I’ll never forget the words she said, even though it
was only pretence.
She said, “Suzie’s in the corner because she’s not been very good. She didn’t listen to a word I said or do the
things she should.” In the corner I saw her baby doll well dressed. It was obvious that she’d been put there to sit alone
and think.
My daughter continued her “conversation”, as I sat down on the floor. She said, “I am all fed up, and I just don’t
know what to do with her anymore. She cries whenever I have to work and wants to play games, too. She tries to help
me with the dishes, but her arms just cannot reach… And she doesn’t know how to fold towels. I don’t have the time
to teach. I have a lot of work to do and a big house to keep clean. I don’t have the time to sit and play—don’t you
know what I mean?”
And that day I thought a lot about making some changes in my life, after listening to her innocent words that cut
me like a knife. I hadn’t been paying enough attention to what I hold most dear. I’d been caught up in responsibilities
that increased throughout the year.
But now my attitude has changed, because I’ve seen the world in a different light through my little darling’s eyes.
So let the cobweb(蜘蛛网) cut the corners and the dust bunnies rule the floor. I am not going to worry about keeping
up with them anymore.
I am going to fill the house with memories of a child and her mother, for we have only one childhood, and we
will never get another.
21. Who is Suzie?
A. The girl’s phone. B. The girl’s friend. C. The author. D. A baby doll.
22. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The little girl doesn’t hate her mother any more.
B. The author has become lazy because of her daughter.
C. The author cares little about her daughter’s happiness.
D. The author wants her little girl to have a happy childhood.
23. What might be the best title?
A. Only one childhood. B. My lovely daughter.
C. How to deal with my daughter. D. A world of children.
B
The Arctic is not a safe place to be by any stretch of the imagination. Essentially a vast, floating block of ice,
with only a small area of land, the landscape can be almost totally different from year to year. Even the most
experienced explorers are lucky to return with all their fingers and toes, not to mention their lives.
Into this extreme environment stepped Nabil Al Busaidi. In fact, he didn’t just step—he stepped and skied his
way across 650km, pulling 50kg of equipment. He also carried the flag of the Sultanate of Oman, which he held in
the air at the North Pole, becoming the first Arab to achieve this impressive feat (壮举).
On the way to the North Pole, Nabil was driven by the reward of success and the pain at the thought of failure.
“Through the 20-whatever days, every minute there was a different thing that kept me going, either the fear of failure,the fear of dying or the reward of finishing and getting somewhere warm. ”
The ever-present cold, averaging around -40℃ but dropping as low as a recorded -81℃, is his overriding (首要
的 ) memory of the experience. As an Omani, Nabil had an additional 20℃ drop in temperature to get used to,
compared to his British teammates. Apart from the extreme cold, polar bears were a common feature of the journey,
and Nabil and the team had their fair share of bear encounters. “Polar bears are dangerous, but they are not that
threatening because they don’t intend to harm humans. They’re usually either curious or just don’t care. We saw five
bears, and none were aggressive,” said Nabil.
One final problem Nabil faced was the stress put on team relations by the severity of the conditions, especially
during the first three stages of the journey. However, during the fourth and final leg, the team worked so well together
that they travelled 130km in only two and a half days.
24. What does Paragraph 1 show?
A. Nabil’s hard-won success. B. The value of Arctic exploration.
C. Nabil’s good luck. D. The change of the Arctic.
25. Which is the problem Nabil faced on his journey?
A. Gradually rising sea level. B. Frequent polar bear attacks.
C. Constantly changing climate. D. The heavy psychological burden.
26. What can we know about Nabil?
A. He had gone on an Arctic journey before.
B. He explored the Arctic with pretty light packs.
C. He finished the exploration of the Arctic all alone.
D. He suffered more from extreme cold than his teammates.
27. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Life in the Arctic. B. Climate of the Arctic.
C. The first Arab to step into the Arctic. D. Achievements scientists made in the Arctic.
C
China officially informed the World Trade Organization on Tuesday that it will ban the import of 24 different
types of solid waste by the end of this year as part of a campaign to deal with environmental pollution and protect
people’s health.
In response to growing public concern over the potential environmental and health danger caused by the
increasing amounts of solid waste imported into the country for recycling and treatment, China passed a special law
in 1995 to control imports of waste materials, such as plastics, slag from steelmaking, unsorted scrap paper and
discarded textile materials.
A year later, the country published a list for solid waste imports and began implementing a permit system to
control the import volumes and types of waste imported.
However, due to the lack of effective supervision( 监 管 ) and the failure of relevant departments to fulfill their
duties, solid waste imports have not been effectively controlled.
So far, China is the world’s largest importer of solid waste. According to the Ministry of Environmental
Protection, China imported 7.3 million metric tons of plastic waste worth $3.7 billion in 2016, accounting for 56
percent of global imports of solid waste.
Correct recycling of solid waste materials is an important part of the global economy, and moderate imports of
scrap plastic, scrap paper and scrap rubber products, such as vehicle tires, can to some extent, make up for China's
shortage of various raw materials.
However, the lack of supervision has resulted in the country’s severe soil and environmental worsening.
Given that China’s continuing efforts to push for industrial transformation and upgrading have resulted in a
noticeable decline in the demand for the materials recycled from solid waste imports. It is right for the country torestrict such imports for the sake of the environment and public health, and to better adapt to the changed industrial
structure.
28. Why will China ban the import of some waste materials?
A. The amount of imported solid waste is increasing.
B. The demand for imported solid waste is in decline.
C. Some solid waste has damaged the environment and public health.
D. People are more concerned about the environment and health now.
29. Which phrase has the same meaning as the underlined word?
A. Carrying out. B. Putting off. . Calling off. D. Fighting against.
30. What is the problem when China deals with the imported waste?
A. Some imported waste is difficult to control.
B. The environment can’t afford the imported waste.
C. Some departments haven’t shouldered their duties.
D. Some useful materials are also among the solid waste.
31. What can we learn from the passage?
A. China will not rely on importing solid waste any more.
B. Solid waste plays an important part in the global economy.
C. People are against importing solid waste from developed countries.
D. Some imported waste can relieve the urgent need for raw materials.
D
According to a new study, teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider
the consequences of alternative actions.
University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the
available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32
completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols.
Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the
trial progressed, participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices
accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward, but teens
were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they
were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice, while teens did not
appear to take this information into account.
“From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that
teens and adults learn in different ways, something that might be relevant to education," said lead author Dr. Stefano
Palminteri.” Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests
that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally,
we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices."
To interpret the results, the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations (模拟)
applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one learned from rewards, and the second
model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and
took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example,
obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome.
Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens’ behavior followed the simple reward-
based model while adults’ behavior matched the complete, contextual model. “Our study suggests that teens are more
receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value,” said senior author Dr. Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. “As
a result, it may be useful for parents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.”32. What can be learned from the study?
A. Adults made choices faster than teens.
B. Adults understood rewards better than teens.
C. Teens reacted better to reward than punishment.
D. Teens were aware of the outcome of each choice.
33．What do we know about the computational models?
A. They reflected people’s strong desire for punishment avoidance.
B. They shaped the behavior of people at different ages.
C. They paid equal attention to reward and punishment.
D. Teens’ behavior matched the model that learns from rewards.
34. What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word “receptive"?
A. Accustomed B. Opposed C. Sympathetic D. Responsive
35．According to the writer, which of the following statements works best for teens?
A. “If you insist on doing things in this way, you will lose ten points. ”
B. “If we had talked about this earlier, you wouldn’t have made the mistake.”
C. “ If you hand in your assignment ahead of time, you will get an extra bonus.”
D. “If you want to approach a problem differently, you can talk to your parents.”
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A grateful heart is a satisfied heart. A satisfied heart is a simple heart which leads to a simplified life. Gratitude
opens the door to simplicity. But we live in a culture that addresses dissatisfaction. 36
Intentionally choose it. Gratitude will never be a result of your next purchase, success, or accomplishment. 37
And you will never find it in life until you intentionally decide to choose it.
Count your blessings. A new day, a warm bed, a unique personality, or a special talent. 38 Gratitude
quickly sets in when we begin to spend a quiet moment each day remembering them. This practice alone has the
potential to change your heart and life immeasurably.
39 Almost half the world live on less than $ 2.50 a day. 1.1 billion people have inadequate access to clean
water. Let those facts sink in for just a moment and slowly allow gratitude and a desire to become part of the solution
to take their place.
Find gratitude in difficulty. 40 It can be more difficult during the trials of life: death, disease, or failure.
The truth is that no one is exempt(豁免)from the sufferings. However, good can be found even in the worst of times.
Being grateful during those difficulties may get you through them.
In daily life we must see it is not happiness that makes us grateful, but gratefulness that makes us happy.
A. Ignore what you don't have.
B. We can learn how to be grateful.
C. Open your eyes to those with less.
D. Gratitude is available in your heart right now.
E. You have wonderful things in your life already.
F. It's easy to be grateful when things are going well.
G. How can we find gratitude in a world that seeks to destroy it?
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1．5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中选出,可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Pam Bales, an experienced hiker, stepped onto snow-covered Jewell Trail. The hike up the lower part of Jewell
was 41 . But less than an hour later, the weather was showing its teeth. Bales began to think about calling it a day.Then she noticed something: a single set of 42 in the snow ahead of her. She'd been 43 unclear tracks all day
and hadn't given them much 44 , because so many people climb Jewell Trail. But these, as a volunteer of the
Valley Search and Rescue Team, she 45 , had been made by a pair of sneakers, which was surely not for this kind
of trail. Strong wind screamed, and 46 was just hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks, she'd add
47 to the journey. But the tracks ahead meant someone might be in 48 . She could not let this go. She silently
scolded the absent hiker for 49 normal safety rules and struggled to walk carefully in the direction of the 50 .
After about tracks to 30 yards, she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting 51 . He wore tennis sneakers and
a light jacket. She checked him for any sign of 52 . There was none. Bales had been trained in search and rescue
and knew that he was hypothermic (体温过低的) and would 53 soon if he didn't get out of there. The man said
he had lost his way and was extremely cold. Bales brought a pair of soft-shell pants, a winter hat, and a jacket from
her pack. She helped the man 54 the warm, dry layers onto his body and offered him some hot cocoa. 55 he stood.
She offered continuous encouragement — “ Keep going! You're doing great." Just before 6 p. m., they arrived at the
trailhead 56 . Her climb up to the spot where she 57 the man had taken about four hours. Two hours had passed
since then.
A week later, the president of Bales' rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: “ On Sunday October17, I
went up my trail, Jewell. 58 was to be bad. But without thinking too much I was dressed to go quickly. Next
thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, making me warmer. She just kept 59 me. Finally, I
learned her name was Pam. The entire time she treated me with compassion (同情心), confidence, and one hundred
percent commitment..."
In the nine years since she saved John, Bales has become something of a hiking legend (传奇人物). It's a(n) 60
she never sought or wanted, but one she certainly has earned.
41. A. pleasant B. boring C. long D. unforgettable
42. A. clothes B. footprints C. gloves D. tools
43. A. recording B. covering C. leaving D. following
44. A. response B. expectation C. thought D. hope
45. A. realized B. suggested C. admitted D. remembered
46. A. success B. darkness C. freedom D. disaster
47. A. information B. interest C. risk D. pain
48. A. trouble B. control C. doubt D. touch
49. A. knowing B. making C. judging D. breaking
50. A. wind B. tracks C. sound D. hikers
51. A. fearless B. useless C. motionless D. speechless
52. A. power B. life C. injury D. loss
53. A. recover B. escape C. wake D. die
54. A. pick B. pull C. bring D. carry
55. A. Unwillingly B. Nervously C. Immediately D. Slowly
56. A. worn out B. stressed out C. left out D. kicked out
57. A. treated B. observed C. located D. protected
58. A. Chance B. Sight C. Health D. Weather
59. A. praising B. encouraging C. excusing D. instructing
60. A. title B. fortune C. opportunity D. option
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The airplane maker Airbus has announced plans 61 (quit) making its famous A380 airplane.
The A380 is the world’s largest passenger airplane and 62 (be) in service for 12 years. Peoplesaid it was the future of flying. However, 63 (shift) in the demands of passengers mean the days
of huge, four-engine passenger planes are over. Airbus decided to stop 64 (produce) of the 541-seat
A380. The decision was due to sales that were not 65 satisfying as expected. Airbus said it would no
longer build the A380 in 2021. Significant job losses at companies linked to the plane will be 66
(necessary) caused.
The A380 first 67 (fly) in April 2005. Britain’s leader called it a unique symbol of economic
strength while Spain’s leader called it a dream. The jets were designed to make airports less busy by reducing
68 number of planes which was on the increase in the sky. However, booming air travel brought the
demand for twin-engine planes that can fly non-stop to 69 people want to travel. An Airbus
spokesperson said the A380 was a “passenger magnet”, and he was 70 (disappoint) that airlines
misunderstood and marketed it poorly.
第三节 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）提醒:词汇3500词汇中以s开头的单词
71. Since 1990, I have stayed in China with my family, (spend) more than 2,700 days on the Great Wall.
72. They (seek) in vain for somewhere to shelter the other day.
73. He would leave his job and go (straighten) home.
74. Do you need (simple) your lifestyle and find a less stressful and more enjoyable job?
75. It was developed (specific) for the treatment of depression.
76. By the end of yesterday, COVID-19 (spread) across almost 200 countries.
77. His mission was (secure) a series of important commercial agreements between China and Greece.
78. But one morning when I (slide) out of bed, things felt different.
79. By following a (system) method of training you can have more control over yourself and your life.
80. For the poorest farmers, the diversity of life may be their best protection against (starve).
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1，每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
A few years before, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington, D. C. . Standing outside the Ronald Reagan
Center, I heard a voice to say, “Can you help me?” When I turned around, I saw the elderly blind woman with her
hand opening. In a natural reflex (反应), I reached into my pocket, pull out all of my loose change and placed them in
her hand without even looking at her. I was annoyed at being bothered by the beggar. And the blind woman smiled
and said, “I don’t want your money. I just need help to find the post office.” In an instant, I realized that I had done.
That blind woman reminded me my blindness. So in this essay, I wanted to be grateful to the invaluable lesson she
gave me.
第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分）
假定你是李华。你校英国交换生 John 春节回国探亲，因新冠状病毒肺炎疫情近期迅速扩散而无法正常返
校。请你给此时处于焦虑和郁闷中的 John 写一封信，表示慰问。要点如下：
1. 写信的目的； 2. 可行性建议； 3. 愿望与祝福。注
意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参
考词汇：新冠肺炎：novel CoronavirusDear John,
You
rs,
Li
Hua南阳市一中 2020 届春期高三年级第 15 次考试
英语参考答案
阅读
21-23 DDA 24-27 ADDC 28-31 CACD 32-35 CDDC 36-40 GDECF
完形填空
41-60 ABDCA BCADB CCDBD ACDBA
语填
61. to quit 62. has been 63. shifts 64. production 65. as/so 66. necessarily 67. flew 68. the 69.
where/ wherever 70. disappointed
单句语法填空
71.spending 72.sought 73.straight 74.to simplify 75.specifically 76.had spread/had been spread 77.to
secure 78.slid 79.systematic 80.starvation
改错
1.before→ago 2. 去掉 to 3. the→an 4.opening→open 5. pull→pulled 6. them→it 7. And→But 8.
that→what 9. me 之后加 of 10. to→for
书面表达
Dear John,
Deeply depressed to be informed that you have returned home during the Spring Festival and are still delayed
in London, I am feeling terribly upset. Here I'm writing to convey our deepest concern to you on behalf of the class.
My dear friend, there's no sense worrying about it too much. Instead, you are supposed to stay optimistic. In
the first place, a series of measures have been taken by the British government and situations in London are
changing for the better despite the spreading novel Coronavirus. The time when you are free to return to campus is
approaching. Additionally, there is no need for you to worry about your studies and the updates on your Chinese
friends. You can still have access to the Internet courses and keep informed of what is going on through the internet
although we are thousands of miles apart. Most importantly, you are advised to stay indoors, wash your hands
regularly and wear your mask in case you go outside.
I sincerely expect that everything will return to normal as soon as possible. Looking forward to meeting you
in China earlier.
第五档（很好）：（21~25 分） 1.
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.覆盖所有内容要点。
3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
书面表达评分标
准
Yours,
Li Hua4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
5.有效使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档（好）：（16~20分） 1.
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档（适当）：（11~15分）
1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
5.应用简单语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档（较差）：（6-10分）
1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档（差）：（1~5分）
1.未完成试题规定的任务。
2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。
4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
6.信息未能传达给读者。
特别提醒:
1:学生只合卷面分，满分120。
2:结合书写卷面、结构、语言、要点先分四类，再适当上下浮动：
。
阅读
21. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子 Suzie’s in the corner 与 In the corner I saw her baby doll well dressed.
可知“Suzie 就是她的小布娃娃”。
22. D 推理判断题。最后一段谈到 So，let the cobweb(蜘蛛网) cut the corners and the children rule the floor, I’m
going to fill the house with memories of a child and her mother...For we have only one childhood， and we will never get another.可知“作者希望女儿度过一个快乐的童年”。
23. A 主旨大意题。文章从我的小女儿的话语入手，谈到对我的触动，最后作者明白，孩子仅有一次的童
年，别让孩子背负太多，就让他们好好享受吧，判断 C 项恰当。
本人讲述了纳比尔不畏极端天气，克服了重重困难，到达了北极点，成为到南极点的第一个阿拉伯人。
24.A 推理判断题。第一段讲述了北极的令人难以想像的极端环境，几乎无法居住，除了一小部分土地外全
是漂浮着的冰块。即使是最有经验的探险家能安全地返回就是幸运了。由此可知北极是很难征服的。故选 A。
25.D 推理判断。根据第三段内容“On the way to the North Pole, Nabil was driven by the reward of success and
the pain at the thought of failure.”“…, either the fear of failure, the fear of dying or the reward of finishing and
getting somewhere warm. …”可知，在去北极点的路上，纳比尔在心理上承受着巨大压力。故选 D 项。
26.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“As an Omani, Nabil had an additional 20℃ drop in temperature to getused to, compared to his British teammates.”可知 D 符合题意。
27.C 主旨大意，从本文可知是阿拉伯人纳比尔第一次去北极的经历。文章第二段最后“He also carried the flag of
the Sultanate of Oman, which he held in the air at the North Pole, becoming the first Arab to achieve this impressive
feat (壮举).” 他高举着阿曼王朝的旗帜，在北极点的冷风中他举着旗帜，成为进入北极点的第一个阿拉伯
人，故选 C。
本篇是说明文，为了保护环境和人们的健康，中国政府日前宣布禁止进口 24 种不同种类的固体废料。
28.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容和最后一段的句子 It is right for the country to restrict such imports for the
sake of the environment and public health 可知，中国禁止进口一些固体废料是因为一些固体废料破坏了环境
和人们的健康。故选 C。
29.A 词义猜测题。carry out 实施，执行；put off 延迟，脱去；call off 取消，转移；fight against 反对，与…
作斗争。联系上句 A year later, the country published a list for solid waste imports(一年之后，这个国家发布了
一个固体废料的清单)可知，为了控制进口量和进口废料的类型开始“实施”许可证制度。故划线单词的意
思为 A。
30.C 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容 However, due to the lack of effective supervision（监管）and the failure of
relevant departments to fulfill their duties, solid waste imports have not been effectively controlled.可知，中国处理
进口废料的问题是监管不严以及相关部门没有承担他们的职责。故选 C。
31.D 推理判断题。根据第六段的内容 moderate imports of scrap plastic, scrap paper and scrap rubber products,
such as vehicle tires, can to some extent, make up for China’s shortage of various raw materials.（恰当的进口废塑
料、废纸和废橡胶制品，比如机动车轮胎，和易拉罐，从某种程度上弥补了中国各种生料的短缺。）可推断， 一些进
口废料能解决对生料的紧急需要。故选 D。
32. C 推理判断题。 从第三段 Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with
reward,but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. 可知青少年年对奖励反应好，
对惩罚反应不好。
33. D 细节理解题。从最后一段 teens’ behavior followed the simple reward-based model 可知青少年的学习模式
是以奖励为基础的，与 D 选项相符。第三种模式是同等重视 punishment avoidance 和 reward seeking。
34. D 猜测词义题。从最后一段可知青少年是以奖励为基础的学习模式，所以对奖励比惩罚反应更快，更乐
于接受。D 选项意思相符。
35. C 推理判断题。本文围绕调查结果青少年更专注奖励，不知道避免惩罚，替代行为的后果展开，最后得
出结论对青少年积极正面的奖励效果更好。C 选项与全文主旨相符。
七选五解析：
36．G 根据前文：一颗满意的心是一颗简单的心，它通向简单的生活，但我们生活在一种解决不满的文化
中。可知在一个试图摧毁感恩的世界里，我们怎么能找到感恩呢。故选 G。
37．D 根据前文可知，感恩不是你下次购买的结果、成功或成就。可知感恩现在就在你心中。故选 D。
38．E 本段主题句为 count your blessings. 即我们要知道自己所拥有的。根据前文列举的 blessings 和下文中的
remembering them 可知，答案选 E。
39．C 根据后文信息可知，对比那些生活困苦的人，我们已经很幸运了，要充满感激。故选 C。
40．F 根据后文提示，可知当一切顺利的时候，感恩是很容易的。故选 F。
完型 这是一篇记叙文。全文主要讲述了一位经验丰富的徒步旅行者 Pam Bales 在登山途中救了一位登山迷
路者的经历。
41 题句意：爬山过程中较低的部分很令人愉悦。
42 题句意：然后她留意到了雪中的脚印。43 题句意：她跟着不清晰的踪迹走了一整天了。
44 题句意：她也没多想，因为很多人都爬过这座山。
45 题句意：但是作为峡谷搜救队的志愿者，她意识到这样的运动鞋绝对不适合爬山。46 题句意：还有几小时就要天黑了。
47 题句意：如果继续的话会增加风险。
48 题句意：前方的轨迹意味着可能有人遇到麻烦了。
49 题句意：她小声的责备消失的登山者，他违反了安全规则。
50 题句意：然后她小心翼翼地往那个登山者的方向走。结合后文所述所跟随的雪地上的轨迹。
51 题句意： 她拐到角落，看到一个男的，一动不动坐在那里。motionless 静止的，一动不动的
52 题句意：她检查了一下他是否有受伤的迹象。
53 题句意：如果他不离开这里就会死掉。
54 题句意：她帮这个男人把温暖干净的毯子拉到他的身上，给他一杯热可可。
55 题句意：他慢慢地站了起来。结合后文内容可知在她的鼓励下他继续走了下去，此处意为先站了起来。
56 题句意：他们疲惫地到达了登山口。be worn out 筋疲力尽；be stressed (out)焦虑的,紧张的；be left out 被
漏掉/省略掉/被冷落；be kicked out 被开除 。
57 题句意：她爬山到找到他的地点用了 4 小时的时间。
58 题句意：天气要变坏了。
59 题句意：她一直在鼓励我。
60 题句意：她从没想过会得到这样一个称号，但她真的实至名归得到了。
语填【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了空中客车公司生产的空客 A380 的历史和面临的问题。空客标志
性的 A380 是世界上最大的客机，已经服役 12 年之久。但是乘客需求的变化意味着属于这个巨大的四行程
引擎客机的日子已经结束了。空客决定 2021 年停止生产 541 座的空客 A380。
61. 考查非谓语动词。句中主谓宾结构完整，quit 作定语，修饰 plans，表示还没有发生的动作，要跟动词
不定式，故填 to quit。
62. 考查时态。句中时间状语是for 12 years（12 年来），是表示从过去开始延续到现在的段时间，句子的时态
要用现在完成时。句子主语为 The A380，第三人称单数，故填 has been。
63. 考查名词复数。句中 shift 为名词，意为转换，变换，班，轮班，是可数名词，后面的谓语动词 mean 为原
形，主谓搭配，主语要用复数，故填 shifts。
64. 考查名词。句中动词 stop 后要跟名词作其宾语，介词 of 也应该修饰名词，所以要填 produce 的名词形
式，故填 production。
65. 考查副词。句中所填词后为 satisfying，是形容词，修饰形容词要用副词，与后面的 as 相搭配，as…as
和/与……一样；否定句中是 not so…as 和/与……不一样，是固定搭配，故填 as/so。
66. 考查副词。句中谓语动词为 caus（e
的副词形式，故填 necessarily。
它的被动语态），所填词修饰动词，要用副词作状语，所以要填 necessary
67. 考查时态。句子的时间状语为 in April 2005，表示过去的点时间，句子时态要用一般过去时，fly 的过去
式为 flew，故填 flew。
68. 考查定冠词。句中所填词被 which 引导的限制性定语从句修饰，number（数量）是可数名词，前面要加
上定冠词，故填 the。
69. 考查宾语从句。句意：然而，蓬勃发展的航空旅行带来了对双引擎飞机的需求，这些飞机可以不间断地飞
行去人们想要去的地方。从句中的谓语动词 fly to 后接宾语从句，宾语从句中引导词在宾语从句中作地点状
语，根据句意，用连接副词 where 引导，也可以用连接副词 wherever，表示强调，故填 where/ wherever。
70. 考查形容词。句中 was 后可以跟形容词作其表语，构成系表结构，主语是 He，指人，要用 ed 结尾的形容
词，故填 disappointed。
改错 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一个盲人给作者上了生动的一课，让作者意识到自己的
问题所在，要公平地对待每一个人。
【详解】第一处：考查副词。ago 表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”,意思是“距今……以前”,需和过去时或过去进行时连用。before 泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”，意思是 距过去某时……以前”“与其……（毋宁）”，
常和完成时连用表示“几年以前”，应该说 a few years ago，所以 before 改成 ago。
第二处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我听到一个声音说:“你能帮我吗?”hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事，该用法是固定用法，感官动词后接不带 to 不定式作宾语补足语。所以去掉 to。
第三处：考查冠词。句意：当我转过身时，我看到一位年长的盲人妇女正把手张开着。泛指“一位年长的盲 人妇
女”，elderly 的首字母发音是元音，所以 the 改成 an。
第四处：考查 with 复合结构。句意：当我转过身时，我看到一位年长的盲人妇女正把手张开着。with + n. + adj.
是 with 复合结构，其中形容词作宾补，所以 opening 改成 open。
第五处：考查时态。句意：我下意识地把手伸进口袋，掏出所有的零钱放在她手里，连看都没看她一眼。描
述发生在过去的一系列事情，用一般过去时，所以 pull 改成 pulled。
第六处：考查代词。句意：我下意识地把手伸进口袋，掏出所有的零钱放在她手里，连看都没看她一眼。
change“零钱”不可数，用单数代词，所以 them 改成 it。
第七处：考查连词。句意：但是，那个盲人妇女笑着说:“我不要你的钱。我只是需要帮助去找邮局。”文中
表示转折关系，所以 And 改成 But。
第八处：考查宾语从句。句意：一瞬间，我意识到我做了什么。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作
宾语，所以 that 改成 what。
第九处：考查固定用法。句意：那个盲人妇女使我想起了我的失明。remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事，该
用法是固定用法，所以 me 之后加 of。
第十处：考查介词。句意：所以在这篇文章中，我对她给了我宝贵的一课心存感激。be grateful for 对……
心存感激，该用法是固定用法，所以 to 改成 for。
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