高三寒假自主学习综合练习
英语试题
本试卷共 10 页。满分 120 分。考试时间 100 分钟。将答案填涂、书写在答题纸上，在试卷
上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空
白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Angelina was born in LA in 1976. She loved movies and started acting classes ___1___ (follow) her dream of
movie stardom. Her movie career took ___2___ in 1997 and within a few years she won an Oscar. Angelina
didn’t limit her career to acting. She became involved in humanitarian work while ___3___ (film) in Cambodia.
She is now a UN Goodwill Ambassador, visiting refugee camps in poor countries. She donates large sums of
money to help the plight of underprivileged people. She has___4___ (effect) used her stardom to highlight world
problems.
【答案】1. to follow
2. off 3. filming
4. effectively
【解析】
本段文章是说明文， 介绍了电影明星 Angelina 的有关情况。
【1 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她热爱电影，并开始上表演课，追逐她成为电影明星的梦想。根据句意，此处用
不定式作状语, 表示目的，意思为“为了”。故填to follow。
【2 题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：她的电影生涯在 1997 年开始腾飞，几年后她就赢得了奥斯卡奖。短语 take off 意思
为“（飞机）起飞， 脱下，（事业等）突飞猛进，开始腾飞”。故填off。
【3 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意： 她在柬埔寨拍摄时参与了人道主义工作。分析句子结构， 此处是状语从句的省略
形式；句子主语 she 和 film 之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。故填 filming。
【4 题详解】考查副词。句意：她有效地利用她的明星身份来突出世界问题。修饰谓语动词 used，应用副词。故填 effectively。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空
白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Vlogging _____5_____(take) China by storm over the past year as more young Chinese people have become
inspired to grab a camera and tell the details of their day on Weibo, or WeChat Moments. The most important thing
about vlogging is to tell a good story. Another key aspect of vlogs is that the content___6___(base) on everyday
life, according to Ouyang Nana, a young Chinese musician. Studying in the US, she documents the life of a
college student. Ordinary as the vlogs are, as many as 15 million fans share her wows___7___ a daily basis.
【答案】5. has taken
6. is based
7. on
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。在过去的一年里，中国掀起了视频博客的风暴，越来越多的中国年轻人利用视频博客分享
他们的每一天。
【5 题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的一年里，视频博客在中国掀起了一场风暴，越来越多的中国年轻人受到启发，
拿起相机，在微博或微信时刻上讲述他们一天中的细节。时间状语 over the past year 意思为“在过去的一年
里”，常和现在完成时连用；take 是不规则变化动词，过去分词为 taken。故填 has taken。
【6 题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：据一位年轻中国音乐家欧阳娜娜说，视频博客的另一个关键方面是内容基于日常
生活。短语 be based on “以……为基础”；全文叙述的是现在的情况，是一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的
被动语态。故填 is based。
【7 题详解】
考查固定短语。句意： 虽然视频博客很普通，但每天有多达 1500 万粉丝分享她的惊喜。短语 on a daily basis
意思为“每天”。故填on。
【点睛】与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示“已经完成 动作”，常与下面的时间状语连用。
1.表示不确定的过去时间的时间状语
这类时间状语有：just，already，yet，lately，recently 等。
的Have you read this story book yet？ 你还没有看完这本书吗？
A ban on the importation of drugs had been issued recently. 最近颁布了一条关于禁止运输毒品的禁令。
2.表示频度的时间状语
这类时间状语有：ever，never，often，always，several times 等
They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村子几次。
3.表示一段时间的时间状语
这类时间状语有：these few days， for +一段时间，since（自从…）等，so far（到目前为止），up to now（到
目前为止）， over/ in /during the past/last + 时间段（在过去的几年/月/十年里），in recent years(近年来)等。
I have taught here since 1985. 我从 1985 年以来就在这里教书。
So far we have known each other for eight years。到目前为止我们认识有 8 年了。
如本题第 1 小题，时间状语 over the past year 意思为“在过去的一年里”，常与现在完成时连用，因此应填 has
taken。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空
白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Although it might not always feel like it, life is ridiculously short. It probably wouldn’t mean much or be
worth much if it lasted forever. ____8____ it’s so short, with the limited time that you have, I recommend
creating something worthwhile, and if you dare, ___9___ amazing. Think of your life as a major project, with a
deadline. Every day, every week, month and year, you get the opportunity to ____10____ work on improving it
piece by piece or sit back and watch it corrode away. That’s life. At some point, you have to be improving just
to stay where you are.
【答案】8. Because/As/Since
9. something
10. either
【解析】
本段文章是议论文，论述了因为生命是短暂的，所以要创造要一些有价值的东西。
【8 题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：因为它太短暂了，在你有限的时间里，我建议你创造一些有价值的东西。根据句意，
前面一句表示原因“因为生命太短暂”，后一句表示结果。因此用Because/As/Since 引导原因状语从句。故
填 Because/As/Since。
【9 题详解】考查代词。句意：如果你敢的话，（创造）一些令人惊奇的东西。分析句意，根据前一句的“I recommend
creating something worthwhile”，此 处 是 省 略 句 ， 完 整 句 子 为 “ （I recommend creating ） something
amazing”。故填something。
【10 题详解】
考查并列结构。句意：每一天、每一周、每一个月、每一年，你都有机会要么去一点一点地改进它，要么
坐视它被侵蚀。分析句子结构，此处是并列结构 either…or，意思为“要么……要么……， 或者……或
者……”。故填either。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
完型填空（共 20 小题；
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 36—55 各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并
在答题卡上涂黑。
When I was about five years old, I used to watch a bird in the skies of southern Alberta from the Blackfoot Blood
Reserve in northern Montana where I was born．I loved this bird; I would___11___him for hours．He
would___12___effortlessly in that gigantic sky, or he would come down and light on the___13___and float there
beautifully．Sometimes when I watched him, he would not make a sound and liked to move___14___into the
grasses．We called him meksikatsi, which in the Blackfoot language___15___“pink-colored feet”; meksikatsi and I
became very good friends．
The bird had a very particular significance to me___16___I desperately wanted to be able to fly too．I felt very
much as if I was the kind of person who had been born into a world where___17___was impossible．And most of
the things that I___18___about would not be possible for me but would be possible only for other people．
When I was ten years old, something unexpected___19___my life suddenly．I found myself become
an___20___child in a family I was not born into; I found myself in a___21___position that many native Americans
find themselves in, living in a city that they do not understand at all, not in another culture but___22___two
cultures．
A teacher of the English language told me that meksikatsi was not called meksikatsi, even though that is
what___23___people have called that bird for thousands of years．Meksikatsi, he said, was really “duck”．I was
very___24___with English．I could not understand it．First of all, the bird did not look like “duck”, and when it
made a___25___, it did not sound like “duck”, I was even more___26___when I found out that the meaning of the
verb “to duck” came from the bird．As I___27___to understand English better, I understand that it made a great deal of___28___but I never forgot that
meksikatsi made a different kind of meaning．I___29___that languages are not just different words for the same
things but totally different___30___, totally different ways of experiencing and looking at the world．
11. A. keep B. watch C. follow D. search
12. A. jump B. dive C. circle D. wander
13. A. nest B. hill C. water D. road
14. A. quickly B. naturally C. freely D. quietly
15. A. means B. reads C. shows D. states
16. A. though B. because C. while D. until
17. A. communication B. imagination C. belief D. flight
18. A. dreamed B. worried C. knew D. argued
19. A. improved B. enriched C. changed D. ruined
20. A. educated B. adopted C. outgoing D. independent
21. A. weak B. comfortable C. terrible D. central
22. A. between B. against C. without D. beyond
23. A. most B. few C. their D. my
24. A. desperate B. bored C. uncomfortable D. disappointed
25. A. noise B. call C. decision D. choice
26. A. ashamed B. confused C. embarrassed D. frightened
27. A. tried B. came C. determined D. expected
28. A. evidence B. distinction C. profit D. sense
29. A. identified B. confirmed C. realized D. predicted
30. A. concepts B. regulations C. messages D. evaluations
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由 meksikatsi,入手，认识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个
事物，而且还是用完全不同的观念和方法去感受和看待这个世界。
【小题 1】B 考查动词。A．keep 保持；B．watch 观看；C．follow 跟随，按着；D．search 搜寻。根据上
文 I used to watch a bird in the skies 可知，我会“看上”几个小时。故选 B。
【小题 2】C 考查动词辨析。A．jump 跳；B．dive 潜水；C．circle 盘旋；D．wander 徘徊。根据常识可知，鸟儿在空中盘旋，故选 C。
【小题 3】C 考查名词词义辨析。A．nest 鸟巢；B．hill 小山；C．water 水；D．road 公路。根据本空后的
and float there beautifully 可知，鸟有时会点水，在水上漂浮一会儿，故选 C。
【小题 4】D 考查副词词义辨析。A．quickly 迅速地；B．naturally 自然地；C．freely 自由地；D．quietly
安静地。根据本空前的 he would not make a sound and liked to move 可知，它总是安静地落在草上，故选 D。
【小题 5】A 考查动词词义辨析。A．means 意味着；B．reads 阅读；C．shows 展示；D．states 陈述。根
据本空前的 meksikatsi,和本空后的“pink-colored feet”，可知此处是解释 meksikatsi 的含义，故选 A。
【小题 6】B 考查连词。A．though 尽管；B．because 因为；C．while 然而，在……期间；D．until 直
到……为止。根据上下文可知，此处是解释这只鸟对“我”有特殊意义的原因：因为我也极度地想要飞。故选
B。
【小题 7】D 考查名词。A．communication 交流；B．imagination 想象；C．belief 信念；D．flight 飞行。
上文说我也极度地想要飞，但是现实飞行是不可能的，故选 D。
【小题 8】A 考查动词。A．dreamed 梦想；B．worried 担忧；C．knew 知道；D．argued 辩论。有下文的
例子可知，我梦想的东西大多数都不可能实现。故选 A。
【小题 9】C 考查动词。A．improved 提高；B．enriched 丰富；C．changed 改变；D．ruined 毁掉。由文章
情景可知，此处是说一些意想不到的事情改变了我的生活。故选 C。
【小题 10】B 考查形容词。A．educated 有教养的；B．adopted 被收养的；C．outgoing 外向的；D．independent
独立的。根据本空后的 in a family I was not born into 可知，我发现我是一个被收养的孩子。故选 B。
【小题 11】C 考查形容词。A．weak 弱的；B．comfortable 舒适的；C．terrible 可怕的，糟糕的；D．central
中心的。根据本空后的 living in a city that they do not understand at all 可知，生活在一个完全不了解的城市是
糟糕的。故选 C。
【小题 12】A 考查介词。A．between 两者之间；B．against 对着；C．without 没有；D．beyond 在---之上。
根据本空后的 two cultures 可知，此处时说生活在两种文化之间，故选 A。
【小题 13】D 考查代词。根据本空前 meksikatsi was not called meksikatsi 可知，尽管我的文化的人们叫了
几千年 meksikatsi，但在英语它是鸭子的意思。故选 D。
【小题 14】D 考查形容词。A．desperate 令人绝望的；B．bored 感到厌烦的；C．uncomfortable 不舒适的；
D．disappointed 感到失望的。根据本空后的 I could not understand it．可知，因为我不能理解，所以我对英
语感到很失望。故选 D。
【小题 15】B 考查名词。A．noise 噪音；B．call 电话；C．decision 决定；D．choice 选择。根据本空后的
sound like，可知，我发音时，它听起来不像 duck，故选 B。
【小题 16】B 考查形容词。A．ashamed 害羞的；B．confused 困惑的；C．embarrassed 尴尬的；D．frightened
的感到害怕的。根据本空后的 the meaning of the verb “to duck” came from the bird．可知，当我发现 to duck 起
源于那只鸟时，我更加困惑了。故选 B。
【小题 17】B 考查动词。A．tried 尝试；B．came 来；C．determined 决定；D．expected 期盼。根据本空
后的 I understand that 可知，随着我对英语理解的越来越好。come to do 表示“理解，学会”。故选 B。
【小题 18】D 考查名词。A．evidence 证据；B．distinction 区别；C．profit 利润；D．sense 感觉。上下文
可知，随着我对英语理解的越来越好，我觉得它很讲得通。故选 D。
【小题 19】C 考查动词。A．identified 鉴定；B．confirmed 确认；C．realized 意识到；D．predicted 预测。
根据文章语境可知，我意识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物。故选 C。
【小题 20】A 考查名词。A．concepts 概念；B．regulations 条例；C．messages 信息；D．evaluations 评估。
根据上下文语境可知，我意识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物，还是用完全不同的观念和方
法去感受和看待这个世界。故选 A。
【学法指导】
1.结合上下文语境，抓关键词。解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若
干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读
边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。37．【小题 12】A 考查介词。A．between 两者之间；
B．against 对着；C．without 没有；D．beyond 在---之上。根据本空后的 two cultures 可知，此处时说生活
在两种文化之间，故选 A。
2.状语从句引导词的考查在高考中频繁出现，是高考热点，非常值得注意。31．【小题 6】B 考查连词。
A．though 尽管；B．because 因为；C．while 尽管，在---期间；D．until 直到---为止。根据上下文可知，
此处是解释这只鸟对“我”有特殊意义的原因：因为我也极度地想要飞。故选 B。
考点：考查夹叙夹议的阅读
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将
该项涂黑。
A
Has anyone noticed how, with the passage of time, one’s relationship with one’s grown-up daughters and sons
becomes changed? I’ve been aware of this for some time but I’m not quite sure how to deal with it.
Take the kitchen sink for example.
Following a family get-together at my place, I walked into the kitchen to find Kate, my daughter carefully
cleaning the sink.“Don’t do that; what are you doing that for?” I said, unhappy about the hidden criticism.
“Mum,” she said, “you really ought to put your glasses on when you clean the sink. Behind the tap here was
black!”
But it’s not just things like kitchen sinks. Another time Kate arrived to pick me up to lunch. She looked at me
and then asked, “Mum, why do you use brown eyebrow pencil when your hair is grey?”
A sudden memory of her, aged 14, going to her first mixed party flooded back. She had come in to say goodbye.
For a moment I thought she’d been an accident. Both eyes were black. I remember suggesting that perhaps a little less
eye make-up might be more effective.
Now I told her, “My hair used to be brown.”
“It looks absurd.”
“Mrs. Menzies had dark eyebrows with grey hair.”
“Yes, but you’re not Mrs. Menzies, are you?” she said triumphantly, as if that proved her point.
But a recent event made me realize that something really must be done.
She had returned some for a few weeks before getting married. One evening I went out on a dinner date. By the
time my companion left me at the front door, it was about 2am. As I stepped in, an angry figure in a white nightgown
stopped me.
“Well, what time of night is this to be coming home?” she shouted. “Where have you been? I’ve been worried
sick!”
Shades of the past come back to disturb me. But what should I do about all this? Nothing, probably. Maybe, after
all, it’s only a stage young people are going through.
31. The daughter thought her mother didn’t clean the kitchen sink well because of her .
A. laziness B. carelessness C. unhappiness D. poor-quality glasses
32. From the passage we know the daughter .
A. didn’t want to help with the sink
B. didn’t like brown eyebrow pencils
C. had an accident when she went to her first party
D. shouted at her mum because she came home late
33. How does the mother feel after all these have happened?
A. Shocked. B. Proud. C. Envious. D. Confused.
34. The author writes the stories to prove that .
A. their relationship became strongerB. their roles changed as time passed
C. her daughter very much cared about her
D. her daughter got upset as she grew up
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. D 34. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲到随着时间 推移，与子女之间代沟越来越大，年老的父母和子女相互缺少理解，
与子女间角色的变化使得生活中产生的问题，令人难以适从。并列举了一些生活中作者和女儿相处的事例
来说明。
【31 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Mum,” she said, “you really ought to put your glasses on when you clean the sink.
Behind the tap here was black!”描述,可知这是女儿在婉转的说母亲不够细心,故选 B。
【32 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第九段“It looks absurd.”可知女儿并不喜欢不喜欢棕色眉笔，认为它看起来很可笑。故
选 D。
【33 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段 Shades of the past come back to disturb me. But what should I do about all this?可知这
位母亲对于处理这些问题很困惑。故选 D。
【34 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段 Has anyone noticed how, with the passage of time, one’s relationship with one’s
grown-up daughters and sons becomes changed?及下文描述,可知作者主要是想证明随着时间的变化, 孩子从一
个被呵护的角色成长为一个与父母平等的角色。父母在家庭中的角色也在发生变化，故选 B。
B
AFrom：jovangagic56@memail．com
To：kmallory@LN．org
Subject：Hi!
Dear Mr．Mallory，
I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first
two weeks of July．I had been thoroughly looking forward to learning English and learning about culture in the UK，
but I am afraid that my time at your summer school failed to live up to my expectations．
Your brochure states that the student accommodation is situated "in the heart of Edinburgh"．This is misleading as
my accommodation was，in fact，situated a good fifty minutes bus ride from the city center in what I can only
的describe as a less than picturesque part of the suburbs．
In addition，the activity programme did not reflect the fact that we were located in one of Europe's most interesting
and historical cities: one evening activity consisted of a walk to a nearby park，another was a trip to a narrow street
which was not usually used by cars．Finally，on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that
she was not from Edinburgh，and had in fact never visited the city before．I had been eagerly expecting a guided
tour of Scotland's treasures．In fact，I was left in the city center with no map and told to "check things out" while
your employee went shopping in Princes Street．This was a long awaited trip and cost me over two years' hard work
and saving．Although I do have positive memories of my trip (my English teachers were knowledgeable and
inspiring)，the accommodation and activity programme were wholly unsatisfactory．
I would like to get my money back for the accommodation and would really appreciate a reply within the next two
weeks．
Yours sincerely，
Jovan Gagic
35. Jovan wrote the email to __________．
A provide information
B. share experiences
C. express dissatisfaction
D. raise expectations
36. According to Jovan，the guide __________．
A. organized cultural activities
B. failed to perform duties
C. had a good knowledge of the city
D. received punishment for bad behavior
37. What effect does Jovan want his email to have on Mr．Mallory?
A. To make him feel sorry．
B. To cause him worry．
C. To bring him disappointment．
D. To get him into trouble．
【答案】35. C 36. B 37. A
【解析】
.【分析】
本文是一篇电子邮件。邮件讲的是主人公报名了一个英国的暑期假日学校，但是去了之后发现环境很差，
与介绍人描述的丝毫不符，为了向其表达不满，写了这封邮件。
【35 题详解】
细节理解题。邮件第一句 I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova
English summer school in the first two weeks of July.阐述写信是为了表达自己对 Lingua Nova 英语暑期学校的
经历深感失望。与 C 选项的叙述相符。
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。本题定位到文章的第三段 Finally, on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted
that she was not from Edinburgh, and had in fact never visited the city before.（最后，在我们去市中心的一次旅行
中，我们的“导游”爽快地承认她不是来自爱丁堡，事实上以前从未去过这个城市。）从下文可知，作者在
城市里 no map and told to “checking things out”可知，导游不合格，与第二个选项描述相符。故选 B。
【37 题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，作者想向 Mallory 要回住宿费用，并且全文都在说作者在英国的情况与
之前介绍不符，所以是想让介绍人感到愧疚。故选 A。
【名师点睛】本文小题 1、2 都属于细节理解题。这一题型可以通过正选法与排除法解题。
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以
考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读
理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、
虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：(1) 如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接
排除。(2) 如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可以排除。
(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也能找到相关的依据，但它并不能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的
主题、作者的思维模式为出发点，未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性，这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的“偏”
选项也可以排除。只要考生经过“是否矛盾? (误否) ——是否有依据? (虚否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐
级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一
致的选项，或是经过“三级思考”仍不能排除的选项。
C
On March 28th, The New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles
online.
In a letter to readers, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of the paper, laid out the details of the paywall, which he said will go into effect immediately in Canada and on March 28th for the rest of the world. He called the
move “an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in The New York Times, one that will
strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform.”
Sulzberger said that readers will be able to read 20 articles per month at no charge. Once they click on the 21st
piece, however, they’ll be presented with three payment options: $15 for four weeks of online and mobile
application access, $20 for access to the site and the iPad application, or $35 for access to everything. People who
already receive the printed paper through home delivery will enjoy free and unlimited access to The New York
Times on all platforms.
These details largely agree with earlier reports on how the paywall would work. The New York Times had
made it clear that it did not want to imitate the total paywalls put into effect by papers such as The Times of London
and Newsday, which block access to all contents unless the reader pays.
The paper also signaled that it wants to stay relevant in the social media world. According to Sulzberger’s
announcement, people who come to The New York Times site from Facebook, Twitter or from blogs will be able
to read those articles even if they have gone over their monthly limit.
However, Sulzberger said that a limit will be placed on “some search engines”, meaning that after readers
have accessed a certain number of articles from search engines, any further articles they access from there will be
added to their monthly count. It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google,
where there will be a five-article limit. This marks a clear attempt by The New York Times to close what could be
a giant loophole ( 漏 洞 ), since so much online traffic is directed through Google. But it also presents a risk for
the paper for the same reason.
Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. “The challenge now is to put a price on our work without walling
ourselves off from the global network,” he said, adding that The New York Times must “continue to engage with
the widest possible audience.”
38. The author’s main purpose in the text is to______ .
A describe research findings B. make advertisements
C. report a piece of news D. suggest a solution
39. Why will The New York Times charge their online readers?
A. It is the only way to offer better service to its readers.
B. It wants to stay relevant in the social media world.
C. It has too many readers coming from the other sites.
.D. It is seeking new financial sources for its development.
40. Which group of people cannot read unlimited number of The New York Times articles?
A. Those subscribing to the printed newspapers.
B. Readers clicking through from Facebook.
C. Those using Google research engine.
D. Readers paying $35 a month.
41. What challenge may the paywall bring to The New York Times?
A. It may bring The New York Times more competition with the other media.
B. It may lead to a giant loophole online for The New York Times.
C. It may result in huge drops in papers’ online readership.
D. It may block the readers from the other websites.
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. C 41. C
【解析】
本文是新闻报道。文章报道了《纽约时报》将开始对在线阅读文章收费，介绍了收费的原因、收费的标准
以及付费门槛将给《纽约时报》带来的挑战。
【38 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“On March 28th, the New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent
users to read articles online”可知，这篇文章是告诉大家一则消息：《纽约时报》将开始对所有在线阅读文章
的用户收费，只有最不经常阅读的用户除外。故选 C 项。
【39 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“He called the move ‘an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in
the Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on
any platform’(他称这一举措是“一个重要的措施，我们希望你能将其视为对《纽约时报》的投资，这将加强
我们为世界各地的读者在任何平台上提供高质量新闻的能力)”可知，《纽约时报》向网上用户收费是为其更
好的发展寻求资金来源。故选 D 项。
【40 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is
Google, where there will be a five-article limit（ 据报道，唯一会受到这种影响的搜索引擎是谷歌，（在谷歌引
擎）将有五篇文章的限制）”可知，使用谷歌搜索引擎的人将被限制阅读《纽约时报》文章的数量。故选C
项。
【41 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. …adding that The New York Times
must ‘continue to engage with the widest possible audience’ （Sulzberger 似乎很清楚这种风险。……他还说，
《纽约时报》必须继续与尽可能多地读者接触）”可以推断，Sulzberger 认为付费门槛给《纽约时报》带来
的挑战是可能会导致网上的用户数量下降，因此强调要与尽可能多地读者接触。故选 C 项。
D
Every time the results of the international PISA test are released, the United States gets another opportunity to
whip itself for students’ unsatisfying performance.
PISA is the Program for International Student Assessment, a test administered to students in 79 countries
around the world. It allows critics on both sides of the school-reform debate to peer at the results of other nations,
compare them to the U.S. outcomes and find examples that appear to confirm their own beliefs about why our
15-year-olds are not at the best in science, math and reading. Those opposed to standardized testing and
accountability measures look at Finland’s high scores and point out that in that country, there are no mandatory
standardized tests until the end of senior year of high school. Children are encouraged to play more. Their school
days are shorter and no one attempts to hold teachers accountable according to a rigid set of rules. The students are
given very little homework. The nation’s scores and ranking have slid over the past decade, but it still consistently
outshines the U.S.
Meanwhile, fans of more regular testing are likely to hold up Singapore and South Korea as models.
Singapore’s curriculum is highly scripted and pretty much the same across the nation — something that the Obama
administration hoped to achieve through its Common Core curriculum. Teachers continually prepare students for
hard tests and depend heavily on worksheets and drills. South Korean families depend heavily on private tutoring
to help their children perform well on high-stakes tests. Students in these two countries also outperform American
students on the PISA test.
But if Finland, Singapore and South Korea are all doing better than America, that suggests there may be a
factor at play other than how students are taught. And indeed there is something that all three of these nations, and
every other country that outranks America on the PISA test, have in common: lower rates of child poverty.
“Socio-economically disadvantaged students across OECD countries are almost three times more likely than
advantaged students not to attain the baseline level of proficiency (能力) in science,” PISA reported in a 2018
paper.
Though America is by most measures a wealthy country, it is one with many poor people. A 2017 UNICEF
report looked at the relative child poverty rates of 41 well-off nations. America ranked seventh from the bottom.
“Because in every country, students at the bottom of the social class distribution perform worse than students higher in that distribution, U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so many
more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution,” A 2013 study by Stanford University researchers
concluded.
There’s no getting around it: This is a shameful situation in a developed, wealthy nation. When poverty
equates to lower academic performance, people pass that poverty from one generation to the next. Until they are
willing to face that problem and take bold measures against it, the nation’s rankings will always be limited.
For various reasons, PISA results aren’t the ultimate measure of how well a nation’s schools are doing. But
when it comes to measuring the effects of income inequality, PISA offers a powerful lesson for the United States: If
they want a better educated population, they cannot ignore their culpability in allowing so many children to grow
up in poverty.
42. We can learn from the passage that PISA is a test______.
A. administered to all the students around the world
B. reflecting students’ ability in science, math and reading
C. causing criticism from the educational authorities in the US
D. held by the United Nations annually for 15-year-old students
43. According to the passage, we can learn that_____ .
A. The US government has taken measures to handle poverty issues.
B. Scores of students from Finland in PISA have improved in recent years
C. The case in Singapore is used as opposition against standardized testing
D. For students in South Korea, the help from teachers in schools is not enough
44. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
A. The 2013 study by Stanford University researchers.
B. There are many test takers from lower class in the US.
C. The US ranked the seventh among 41 well-off countries.
D. The US average performance is poorer than other countries.
45. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To present different opinions of the school-reform debate in the US.
B. To argue poverty contributes to the low ranking of the US in PISA.
C. To illustrate that the US students performed poorly academically.
D. To compare the education systems in the US and other countries
【答案】42. B 43. D 44. B 45. B【解析】
本文是议论文。美国在 PISA 的测试中排名不高。斯坦福大学研究人员得出结论：美国的平均表现相对较低，
部分原因是社会阶层分布最底层的考生多。PISA 为美国提供了一个教训：如果他们想要一个受过更好教育
的人口，他们就不能忽视在贫困中成长的儿童。
【42 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“PISA is the Program for International Student Assessment …It allows critics on both
sides of the school-reform debate to peer at the results of other nations, compare them to the U.S. outcomes and find
examples that appear to confirm their own beliefs about why our 15-year-olds are not at the best in science, math and
reading（ PISA 是国际学生评估方案，它允许批评者对其他国家的结果进行评价，将它们与美国的结果进行
比较，并找到一些例子来证实他们自己的观念“为什么我们的 15 岁孩子在科学、数学和阅读方面不是最好
的”）”可以推断，PISA 反映了孩子在科学、数学和阅读方面的能力。故选 B 项。
【43 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“South Korean families depend heavily on private tutoring to help their children
perform well on high-stakes tests（韩国家庭严重依赖私人辅导，以帮助他们的孩子在高风险考试中表现良
好）”可以推断，对于韩国学生来说，在学校通过老师学习是远远不够的。故选 D 项。
【44 题详解】
词句猜测题。第六段中提到“U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so
many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution（美国的平均表现似乎相对较低，部分原因
是很多考生来自于社会阶层的最底层）”。划线词it 所在的句意为“除非他们愿意面对这个问题并采取大胆
的措施，否则美国的排名将永远是有限的”。因此可以推测，it 指代 the problem，而 the problem 指上一句中
的“poverty equates to lower academic performance（贫困就等同于学习表现差）”，也指上文中的“we have so
many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution”。故选B 项。
【45 题详解】
推理判断题。美国在 PISA 的测试中排名不高。根据文章第六段“U.S. average performance appears to be
relatively low partly because we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution（美国
的平均表现相对较低，部分原因是社会阶层分布最底层的考生多）”和文章最后一段“PISA offers a powerful
lesson for the United States: If they want a better educated population, they cannot ignore their culpability in allowing
so many children to grow up in poverty （PISA 为美国提供了一个教训：如果他们想要一个受过更好教育的人
口，他们就不能忽视在贫困中成长的儿童）”可以推断，文章分析了美国在PISA 测试中排名不高的原因是
因为贫困儿童受教育程度低。故选 B 项。
第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
This Is Why Dogs Spin Around Before They Poop
Most dog owners have probably been puzzled and possibly impatient waiting for their dog to do its business.
Instead of just finding a soft area of grass to go number two, they make a whole ritual out of it, spinning in a circle
before finally squatting. Luckily, the ultimate pet owners’ question may finally have been answered.
A few theories have circulated about why dogs might circle before pooping, and most are similar to the
reasons they spin before lying down. Trampling around in a circle would flatten the grass around, which would
keep tall blades from trapping their waste and hitting their butt while they poop.___46___
But Czech researcher Hynek Burda didn’t quite buy into those theories.___47___ And if they were scanning
their environment, keeping still to listen and sniff would be more effective than giving the area a quick once-over.
Instead, Burda suggested that dogs spin to get a feel for the Earth’s magnetic pull.
The Earth has a magnetic field around it protecting it from radiation from space, and some animals seem to
use it to get a sense of where its North and South poles are.___48___ In 2013, Burda published a study in the
journal Frontiers in Zoology suggesting dogs have a strong internal compass, too. He and his team spent two years
watching 70 dogs poop and pee and recording which way they faced and how strong the magnetic field was.
As it turns out, when the magnetic field was calm, dogs preferred to poop facing either north or
south.___49___ The pattern couldn’t explain why dogs like facing the Earth’s poles, but the researchers think it
might help them remember where they marked their territory. “Doing so, and calibrating his magnetic compass, is
probably easier for him when being aligned with the magnetic field,” Burda told the Washington Post. ___50___
So before you roll your eyes when your dog takes ages to do his business, remember that pet might just be
getting scientific about his potty spot.
A. For instance, it’s how birds know which way to migrate.
B. When the magnetic field was less stable, they faced any direction.
C. And when they’re done, this is why dogs kick up the lawn after they pee.
D. Dogs evolved from wolves, which didn’t need to worry much about tall grass.
E. For more weird dog habits, check out the 12 secrets your dog’s tail is trying to tell you.
F. If they can remember which way they were facing, they might find it easier to find that spot again.
G. Another explanation could be that they’re scanning for snakes and predators before they become completely
occupied.
【答案】46. G 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. F【解析】
本文是说明文。狗在大便前会转圈，这让很多狗的主人感到困惑。本文解释了原因：狗大便前转圈是在感
受地球的磁场。当磁场平静时，狗喜欢向北或向南大便。 当磁场不那么稳定时，他们就会面对任何方向大
便。而这可能会帮助狗记住在哪里标记了自己的领地。
【46 题详解】
该段首句提到“A few theories have circulated…”，该段是关于狗大便前为什么转圈流传的几个解释。其中一
个解释是“most are similar to the reasons they spin before lying down”；选项G 意思为：另一种解释可能是，它
们在完全占据大便的领地之前看看有没有蛇和捕食者。选项 G 是顺承上文的话题。故选 G 项。
【47 题详解】
选项 D 意思为： 狗是从狼进化而来的，狼不需要太担心高大的草。设空处后的内容是解释为什么狗不需要
转圈，因为狗可以通过听或者嗅的方式。故选 D 项。
【48 题详解】
设空处前一句提到“一些动物似乎用磁场来了解南北极在哪里”。选项A 意思为：例如，这就是鸟类知道向
什么方向迁徙的方法。选项 A 是对前一句内容的进一步举例说明。故选 A 项。
【49 题详解】
选项 B 意思为： 当磁场不那么稳定时，他们就会面向任何方向。根据选项 A 中“When the magnetic field was
less stable”和前一句中“when the magnetic field was calm”可知，这两句是并列句，都是关于同一个话题。
故选 B 项。
【50 题详解】
设空处上文提到“but the researchers think it might help them remember where they marked their territory（但研究
人员认为，这可能有助于它们记住在哪儿标记了自己领地）”；选项F 意思为：如果他们能记住他们面对的
方向，他们可能会更容易找到那个地点。选项 F 是顺承上文的话题。故选 F 项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节 (15 分)
51.假如你是高三学生李华，你们班外教要求每一位同学开学第一节课用英语向班级同学们汇报各自的寒
假生活。请根据以下提示内容写一篇发言稿，内容主要包括：
1. 简要介绍你的寒假生活；
2. 你和家人如何过春节；
3. 展示你的新年决心。注意：词数不少于 50；
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
【答案】The winter vacation has come to an end. During this period, I have completed the required homework .
Additionally, interested in AI , I have learned some online courses about it. In my spare time I went skiing or skating
with my cousins to relax ourselves.
A week before the Lunar New Year, I helped my parents prepare for the coming new year by doing some
cleaning to our house , cooking food and so on . On the eve of the New Year, all family members got together and
enjoyed a delicious family reunion dinner. After that, we children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily,
expecting the arrival of the new year.
In the next several days , I paid visits to our friends and relatives.
Just as the saying goes, well begun is half done. My resolution for a new year is easy. I am determined to make
full use of my time to improve my academic performance . After all, being admitted to an ideal university is my
dream, which I will do my utmost to achieve.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文, 要求写一篇发言稿，汇报寒假生活。
【详解】第一步：
审题: 发言稿 汇报寒假生活
人称：第一人称
时态： 一般过去时、一般现在时
结构：分三部分，第一部分简要介绍你的寒假生活；第二部分你和家人如何过春节；第三部分展示你的新
年决心。
要点：
1. 简要介绍你的寒假生活：完成学校要求的作业、学习网络课程、和表兄弟一起滑冰等
2．你和家人如何过春节：帮父母为新年做准备、吃团年饭、除夕守岁、拜亲访友
3．展示你的新年决心：尽自己最大的努力提高成绩，考上理想的大学
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语 ）
winter vacation；come to an end；complete the required homework；be interested in； learn some online courses；
go skiing；relax；help；prepare for；do some cleaning；get together；enjoy ；set off fireworks；chat happily；
expect；arrival；resolution；be determined to do…；make full use of；improve academic performance；be admitted to
第三步：连词成句
(1) The winter vacation has come to an end.
(2) I have completed the required homework.
(3)I have learned some online courses about it.
(4) I went skiing with my cousins to relax ourselves.
(5) I helped my parents prepare for the coming new year.
(6) All family members got together and enjoyed a delicious family reunion dinner.
(7) We children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily.
(8) We expect the arrival of the new year.
(9) My resolution for a new year is easy.
(10) I am determined to make full use of my time to improve my academic performance .
(11) being admitted to an ideal university is my dream.
根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句,适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。
第四步：连句成篇(衔接词)
表示时间顺序： first of all; to begin/start with , in the beginning
firstly.... secondly .... lastly / finally/in the end
表示并列或补充关系： what is more; besides, moreover, apart from;
in addition, as well as；not only…but(also), meanwhile, in the meantime, some...some…others
表示转折对比关系：but, however, although, though, yet, while
on one hand…on the other hand ...,
表示因果关系：because, as, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, thus
连句成文，运用恰当的衔接词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使句与句之间逻辑性更强、
段与段之间结构清晰。
【点睛】范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如 come to an
end；be interested in；learn some online courses；relax；prepare for；get together； expect；arrival；
resolution；be determined to do…；make full use of；improve academic performance；be admitted to 等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如形容词作状语 interested in AI , I have learned some online courses about it；
“with 的复合结构”的运用 we children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily；俗语的运用 Just as
the saying goes, well begun is half done；动名词作主语的运用 being admitted to an ideal university is my dream；定
语从句的运用 which I will do my utmost to achieve 等。
第二节（20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给 21 世纪英文报写一封稿
件，介绍上周你班同学参观北京市规划展览馆（Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall）的全过程。
注意：同数不少于 60；
提示如：沙盘 urban planning model 讲解员 docent
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last Friday, our class paid a visit to Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall, which opened our eyes to the
continuous physical transformation of the ancient city.
The visit started with a warm welcome from a docent at the entrance, who briefly introduced the main thematic
areas. Once inside, we were attracted to an exhibition that gave a vivid account of Beijing’s history. To my
excitement, on a huge map I could even find what my local area was like years ago. How incredible to have hutongs
transformed into high-rise buildings.
The hall displayed more than just the history of Beijing. In a documentary entitled “Beautiful Beijing”, we learned in amazement how Beijing has become a modern city with giant skyscrapers and new landmarks. Afterwards,
following the docent, we came to an urban planning model which displayed a more vibrant Beijing with buildings,
transportation and facilities planned for the future.
Before leaving, I left a message on the board, expressing my best wishes to my hometown. Then I headed home
with a smile as well as a wonderful picture of Beijing’s future in mind.(182 words)
【解析】
本文书面表达属于看图作文，要求写一封稿件。
第 1 步：根据提示可知，本篇是要求写一封稿件：假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。请你根据以下
四幅图的先后顺序，给 21 世纪英文报写一封稿件，介绍上周你班同学参观北京市规划展览馆（Beijing
Planning Exhibition Hall）的全过程。
第 2 步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall（北京市规划展览馆）； urban planning
model 沙盘；docent 讲解员；To my excitement（使某人兴奋的是）；transformed into（被改造成）；left a
message on the board（在留言板上留下信息）等。
第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美
观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，符合图画内容，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的
驾驭英语的能力。
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