2020 届高三第二学期英语阶段性检测
零模英语试题
本试卷共 10 页，满分 150 分，考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试 卷
上作答无效，答题纸不写姓名班级无效，考试结束后，将答题纸交回。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。
I was very happy with the school hours in Britain. On the first day，all students attended an assembly. During
it，we ___1___ (tell) by the headmaster that the best way to earn respect was to work hard and achieve high
grades. In our class there were 28 students, ___2___ is about the average size for British schools. I found the
homework was not heavy, ___3___ it was challenging for me.
【答案】1. were told
2. which 3. but
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在英国的学习生活。
1 题详解】
考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，由下文的 was 判断为一般过去时，又主语 we 和 tell 之
间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填 were told。
【2 题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在
从句中充当主语，故用关系代词 which，故填 which。
【3 题详解】
考查并列连词。句意：我发现家庭作业不多，但是对我来说很有挑战。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，
故填 but。
【【点睛】第 2 小题考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在
从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：
找出先行词：our class there were 28 students
分析先行词 从句中充当什么成分：先行词在从句___2___ is about the average size for British schools.中充当
主语，应用关系代词
考虑特殊情况：非限制性定语从句中不能使用 that
故填 which
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。
People are having a debate about whether ___4___ (develop) the economy or protect the environment. In Lin
Shuiqing's opinion, ___5___ is our duty to cut back on production and reduce the quantities of things we make and
buy. While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don't hide their responsibilities, either. As
far as he is concerned，the people operating these ___6___ (factory) are deeply concerned about the environment，
and should be given more credit. In fact，many people are willing to pay a little ___7___ (high) price for things
that are friendly to the environment.
【答案】4. to develop
5. it 6. factories
7. higher
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对发展经济还是保护环境的看法。
【4 题详解】
考查固定结构。分析句子可知，此处考查“特殊疑问词 + to do”的结构，该结构作为about 的宾语，故填 to
develop。
【5 题详解】
考查代词。此处考查固定句型 it is + n + to do sth.“做某事是……”，其中it 是形式主语，不定式是真正的主
语，故填 it。
【6 题详解】
在考查名词的数。根据 these 判断此处用名词复数形式，故填 factories。
【7 题详解】
考查形容词比较级。根据句意“事实上，许多人愿意为有利于环境的东西支付稍高的价格。”和 a little 判
断此处用 high 的比较级修饰名词 price，故填 higher。
【点睛】第 1 小题考查“特殊疑问词 + to do”
按所作的句子成分来说，该结构在句子中一般可以作主语，宾语和表语，例如
How to save the child is the most important to us. (作主语)
I don't know what to do next.（作宾语）
The problem is when to start.(作表语)；
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句，从句所作的句子成分不变。如I don't know
what to do.= I don't know what I should do.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。
The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives. ___8___ (buy) something as basic as a coffee pot is
not exactly simple. Easy access ___9___ a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many
people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really
wanted. In the past two years, Chinese Consumer Association ___10___ (conduct)many studies whose findings
show that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed.
【答案】8. Buying
9. to 10. has conducted
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了更多的选择导致人们产生了焦虑。
【8 题详解】
考查动名词。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词作为句子主语，故填 Buying。
【9 题详解】
考查介词。此处考查固定搭配 access to“使用/利用……的机会”，故填 to。
【10 题详解】考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，由 in the past two years“在过去两年里”判断用现在
完成时，主语 Chinese Consumer Association 是第三人称单数，故填 has conducted。
【点睛】第 3 小题考查现在完成时
现在完成时一般指过去 动作对现在造成的影响，或动作从过去持续到现在。其结构为 have/has done，常见
的时间标志词有 already/ yet/ since/ for/ by the end of/ by the time/ so far/ up to now/ up till now/ in(during, over)
the past + 段时间，等。例如，
So far we have finished half of the project.迄今为止，我们已经完成了项目的一半。
Great changes have taken place in China during the past 3 decades.在过去的 30 年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。
By the end of this month, he has saved enough money to buy a bike.到这个月末，他已经存够了足够的钱买一辆自
行车。
第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Forgiving My Father
I grew up on a small farm. My father worked in the city as a welder (焊工). He was quiet, distant. He was a man
made of leather and chewing tobacco who tried to teach me useful things, including respect. He also had a
___11___. I did not like him very much.
One day I came home from school. Once inside, I was told by my mother that he didn't feel well. His back hurt.
Multiple myeloma, I ___12___, is a type of blood cancer. For the last year of my father's life, his entire day
consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living room and walking to his ___13___to sit and think. He was
___14___in that chair when I came home one day during the ninth grade. I do not remember where my mother and
brother were, but the two of us were alone. He asked me to sit down.
What followed still ___15___me these decades later. He told me about his ___16___: his family growing up,
what it was like in the Pacific during World War II, his loves, his heartbreaks. It was as if a pipe had ___17___, his
inner self rushing out to me in a great flood. He had been speaking for maybe an hour or more when I realized that he
was doing more than ___18___. He was asking to be ___19___. All it took was understanding that that was what
he____20____, and I forgave everything, immediately.
When he died, I didn't ____21____to school for a few days. My biggest ____22____going back was gym class.
It was poorly ____23____, and bullies ran the show. On my first day, I was standing there when a (an)
____24____voice yelled, ''Lensch! '' It was a guy who had given many of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the
years. I turned to face him and said, ''What do you want? '' The other boys didn’t say a word as they waited for the
的____25____.
''I heard your dad died, '' he said. ''Is that true? ''
I quietly replied, ''Yes. ''
He didn't ____26____me. He didn't even move. Instead, he said, ''I'm sorry. ''
I was____27____. I'm sure I cried. Those two words are how I have remembered that kid ever since. What do
you do when your ''enemies'' reveal that they are also ____28____? I think you either forgive and move
____29____or hold on to resentment (怨恨)and live in the past. I'm certainly not glad that my father
got____30____, but at the same time, I realize that if he hadn't, I might never have come to love him.
11. A. temper B. taste C. fame D. nerve
12. A. meant B. doubted C. learned D. felt
13. A. bench B. chair C. bedroom D. balcony
14. A. predictably B. acceptably C. hopefully D. surprisingly
15. A. touches B. annoys C. educates D. encourages
16. A. life B. career C. youth D. achievement
17. A. burst B. leaked C. moved D. frozen
18. A. teaching B. telling C. supporting D. complaining
19. A. known B. forgiven C. mistaken D. forgotten
20. A. found B. received C. needed D. escaped
21. A. contribute B. adapt C. head D. return
22. A. relief B. favor C. lesson D. fear
23. A. understood B. prepared C. regulated D. attracted
24. A. angry B. warning C. pitying D. familiar
25. A. defeat B. quarrel C. miracle D. fight
26. A. punish B. beat C. disappoint D. scold
27. A. frustrated B. shocked C. thrilled D. frightened
28. A. classmates B. friends C. humans D. families
29. A. backward B. away C. around D. forward
30. A. depressed B. hurt C. sick D. lost
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. D 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因父亲生病时对他所说的话，原谅了父亲。作者的父亲去世了，让
作者很痛苦。也让作者明白了如果曾经的敌人对你示好，那么选择原谅他。
【11 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他脾气很好。A. temper 脾气；B. taste 爱好；C. fame 名声；D. nerve 神经。根据
上文的 He was quiet, distant.可推测作者的父亲脾气好，故选 A 项。
【12 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得知 Multiple myeloma 是一种血液癌症。A. meant 意思是；B. doubted 怀疑；
C. learned 了解；D. felt 感觉。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者通过某种途径知道了父亲得的这种病是癌症，
故选 C 项。
【13 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲生命的最后一年，他一整天的活动就是从病床上起来，走到他的椅子上，
然后坐下思考。A. bench 长凳；B. chair 椅子；C. bedroom 卧室；D. balcony 阳台。根据下文的 He was ___4___in
that chair 可知此处用“椅子”符合语境，chair 是原词复现，故选 B 项。
【14 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：九年级的一天，我回家时，他不出所料地坐在了那把椅子上。A. predictably 可
推断地；B. acceptably 可接受地；C. hopefully 有希望地；D. surprisingly 令人吃惊地。根据上文的 his entire day
consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living room and walking to his ___3___to sit and think.可知作者的父
亲坐在椅子上想事情是作者父亲最后那段日子的习惯，故此处用“推测”符合语境，故选 A 项。
【15 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情让我这几十年都很深有感触。A. touches 触动，感触；B. annoys
使生气；C. educates 教育；D. encourages 鼓励。根据下文的 and I forgave everything, immediately.可推测
父亲当时说的话让作者深有感触，所以他才会很快原谅父亲，故选 A 项。
【16 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我他的人生：他的家庭的成长，二战时太平洋是什么样的，他的爱，他
的心碎。A. life 人生；B. career 职业；C. youth 青春；D. achievement 成就。根据下文的 his family growing
up, what it was like in the Pacific during World War II, his loves, his heartbreaks 可知此处用“人生”符合语境，
故选 A 项。【17 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就好像是一根管子爆裂了，他内在的自己如洪水一般涌现在我面前。A. burst 爆
裂；B. leaked 渗漏；C. moved 搬动，感动；D. frozen 冰冻。根据下文的 rushing out to me in a great flood.可知
此处用“爆裂”符合语境，故选 A 项。
【18 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他滔滔不绝地讲了一个小时甚至更久，我突然意识到他不仅仅是在讲述。A.
teaching 教育；B. telling 讲述；C. supporting 支持；D. complaining 抱怨。根据上文的 He had been speaking for
maybe an hour or more 可知此处用“讲述”符合语境，speak 和 tell 是同义词复现，故选 B 项。
【19 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是在请求被原谅。A. known 知道；B. forgiven 原谅；C. mistaken 误解；D. forgotten
忘记。根据下文的 and I forgave everything, immediately.可知此处用“原谅”符合语境，forgive 是原词复现，
故选 B 项。
【20 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所要付出的全部就是理解，那是他需要的，于是，我立刻原谅了所有事情。
A. found 发现；B. received 收到；C. needed 需要；D. escaped 逃避。根据上文的 his family growing up, what it
was like in the Pacific during World War II, his loves, his heartbreaks.可推测，作者通过父亲的讲述意识到父亲需
要理解，故选 C 项。
【21 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去世时，我好几天都没有回学校。A. contribute 贡献；B. adapt 适应；C. head
前往，朝；D. return 返回。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者因悲痛而没有回学校学习，故选 D 项。
【22 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回去最害怕上体育课。A. relief 安慰，缓解；B. favor 恩惠；C. lesson 课；
D. fear 害怕，恐惧。根据下文的 It was a guy who had given many of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the years.可
知此处用“害怕”符合语境，故选 D 项。
【23 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育课管理很差，欺凌者横行霸道。A. understood 理解；B. prepared 准备；C.
regulated 控制，约束；D. attracted 吸引。根据下文的 bullies ran the show 可知体育课的管理很差，此处用“
约束，控制”符合语境，故选 C 项。【24 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：返校的第一天，我站在那儿，突然一个熟悉的声音大叫到：“Lensch！”A. angry
生气的；B. warning 警告的；C. pitying 同情的；D. familiar 熟悉的。根据下文的 It was a guy who had given many
of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the years.可知作者和此人是多年的同学，故此处用“熟悉的”符合语境，故
选 D 项。
【25 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他男孩一言不发，因为他们都等着一场打斗。A. defeat 打败；B. quarrel 争吵；
C. miracle 奇迹；D. fight 打斗。根据上文的 bullies ran the show.可知此处用“打斗”符合语境，故选 D 项。
【26 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有打我。A. punish 惩罚；B. beat 打；C. disappoint 使……失望；D. scold
责骂。根据上文的 It was a guy who had given many of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the years.可知此人是一个
经常欺负同学的人，故此处用“打”符合语境，故选 B 项。
【27 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很激动。A. frustrated 沮丧的；B. shocked 震惊的；C. thrilled 激动的；D.
frightened 害怕的。根据上文的 Instead, he said, ''I'm sorry. ''可推测，作者因一个欺凌者的话而激动、感动，故
选 C 项。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你的敌人表现出他们也是你的朋友时，你会做什么呢？A. classmates 同学；
B. friends 朋友；C. humans 人类；D. families 家人。根据 enemies 可知此处用“朋友”符合语境，enemy 和 friend
是反义词复现，故选 B 项。
【29 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为你要么原谅并前进，要么继续怨恨生活在过去。A. backward 往后；B. away
远离；C. around 周围；D. forward 往前。根据下文的 hold on to resentment (怨恨)and live in the past.可知此处
用“前进”符合语境，故选 D 项。
【30 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲生病我当然不开心，但同时，我意识到，如果他没有生病，我可能永远
都不会爱他。A. depressed 沮丧的；B. hurt 受伤的；C. sick 生病的；D. lost 丢失的。根据上文的 Once inside,
I was told by my mother that he didn’t feel well.可知此处用“生病的”符合语境，故选 C 项。第三部分：阅读理解（共两节 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
Facts about novel corona virus: Prevention and control
l Keep distance with people when talking
The novel corona virus can be transmitted via droplets and fly 1 to 2 meters in the air before falling to the
ground. Droplets can be transmitted far longer when sneezing and coughing than speaking, so apart from keeping 1
to 2 meters of distance, also remember to wear a mask when you are close to someone else.
l Washing hands can reduce risk of getting infected
Please wash your hands promptly and properly after touching elevator buttons or using cash. Do not touch your
nose or mouth or rub your eyes before washing your hands. Do not use smart phones while eating.
l Receiving delivered packages at home not dangerous
Though the virus might be attached to the packaging of delivered items, the possibility of transmission through
express delivery is extremely low. Before going out to take your delivery, remember to wear a mask. After removing the packaging, please wash your hands.
l Sun exposure cannot kill the virus
The temperature of sun light cannot reach 56℃, and the ultraviolet rays in sunlight cannot reach the intensity of
ultraviolet lamps, so the virus can’t be killed by the sunlight. If you want to go out to get some sun, please wear a
mask and take other protective measures.
l Taking a hot bath or using air conditioning cannot kill the virus
Although the virus is vulnerable to heat. It can only be inactivated after exposure to a 56°C temperature for
over 30 minutes.
l Woolen fabric doesn’t retain virus longer
It is believed that the virus prefers smooth, non-porous surfaces and stays on woolen fabrics for a shorter time.
At home or before going out, it is not necessary to consider which kind of material has less chance to absorb the
virus—choosing comfortable clothes is enough.
After returning home, please wash your hands, sterilize the clothes and dry the clothes.
31. What are you suggested to do when taking delivered packages?
A. Wear a mask.
B. Take a hot bath.
C. Open packages.
D. Dry the clothes.
32. According to the passage, the following sentences are right EXCEPT that _____.
A. the virus is vulnerable to heat
B. the virus can be transmitted via dropletsC. the virus prefers smooth, non-porous surfaces
D. the virus cannot be killed by the ultraviolet rays
33. We can probably read this passage from _____.
A. a textbook
B. an advertisement
C. a travel brochure
D. a science magazine
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了预防和控制新型冠状病毒的方法。
【31 题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Receiving delivered packages at home not dangerous 部分下的 Before going out to take your
delivery, remember to wear a mask.可知，在外出取快递之前，一定要带上口罩。A. Wear a mask.(戴口罩)符合
以上说法，故选 A 项。
【32 题详解】
细节理解题。l Sun exposure cannot kill the virus 部分下的 The temperature of sun light cannot reach 56℃, and
the ultraviolet rays in sunlight cannot reach the intensity of ultraviolet lamps, so the virus can’t be killed by the
sunlight.(阳光的温度达不到 56 摄氏度，阳光里面的紫外线也达不到紫外线灯里面的强度，所以病毒不能被
阳光杀死)可知，紫外线是可以杀死病毒的，只是阳光里的紫外线达不到杀死病毒的强度。D. the virus cannot
be killed by the ultraviolet rays(紫外线不能杀死病毒)不符合以上说法，故选 D 项。
【33 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其标题 Facts about novel corona virus: Prevention and control(关于新型
冠状病毒的事实：预防和控制)可知，本文主要讲述新冠的防御和控制措施，以及一些需要澄清的事实。由
此推测，本文很有可能出自一篇科学杂志的文章。D. a science magazine(科学杂志)符合以上推测，故选 D 项
。
B
When Lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. The air was cool and bullfrogs
croaked. It was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but the stars hadn't yet appeared. Lina rubbed her
eyes and looked around. ''Hello? '' she called. ''Celia? Marie? '' There was no response.The moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. They had always called it ''Forgotten Island'' because
no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn't on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest
rangers didn't know about it. Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a
secret between the three friends-her, Celia, and Marie. But now Lina was here alone, and it was night. Worse still, it
was her own fault.
''Come on, Lina, let Marie row the boat. '' Celia had said. Marie was two years older than Lina, but she was a
hopeless rower. That's why Lina refused and rowed the boat to the island. The argument that followed the refusal
took the usual form. Celia took Marie's side, as she always did. Lina exploded and yelled at them to just leave. So
they got back in the boat and left.
A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunder clap. The storm was here.
As the first cold raindrop slid down her neck, Lina's mind returned to her current problem. She was stuck here by
herself. She just hoped she didn't become as forgotten as the island. The thought of it sent a chill down her back.
Suddenly, Lina spotted something in the water. It was a boat, and inside it were Marie, Celia, and Marie's dad,
who was steering through the fast flowing waters. As the boat approached, they saw Lina waving and the worried
expressions on their faces turned to relief.
In her excitement Lina jumped into the river. Only once she was in the icy water did she remember how fast the
water was moving. Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out. She smiled weakly at Marie's dad
and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie. They didn't seem to mind becoming wet.
34. What is special about the island?
A It is very near the ocean.
B. It is a popular place for boating.
C. It is surrounded by thick forest.
D. It has never been reached by others.
35. Why did Lina get angry？
A. Lina was left alone on the island.
B. Marie would not help row the boat.
C. Marie didn't know how to row the boat.
D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.
36. What caused Lina to feel scared?
A. Her shame about the unnecessary argument.
.B. The first raindrop of the approaching storm.
C. The idea that no one would come to save her.
D. The drop in temperature as the sun went down.
37. What can we infer about the three girls?
A. All of them could swim well.
B. They had an adventurous spirit.
C. They lived far away from the island.
D. They quarreled with one another badly.
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. C 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Lina 和她的好朋友们去秘密小岛玩耍，但是发生了分歧，Lina 离开朋友
们独自呆在森林里。随着雷雨闪电的来临，Lina 感到很害怕，这是两个好朋友带着大人来救她。
【34 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的 Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a
secret between the three friends-her, Celia, and Marie.(Lina 喜欢这个岛，它隐藏在河边一条树木繁茂的小溪旁，
是她、西利亚和玛丽这三个朋友的秘密)可知，这个小岛的特殊之处是它被茂密的树木包围着。C. It is
surrounded by thick forest.(被茂密的树林包围着)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。
【35 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的 The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form. Celia took Marie's side,
as she always did. Lina exploded and yelled at them to just leave.(拒绝之后的争论采取了通常的形式，西利亚一
如既往地站在玛丽一边。莉娜亚爆发了，对他们大喊大叫，让他们离开)可知，莉娜生气的原因是西莉亚在
争论中站在了玛丽一边。D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.(在争论中西莉亚支持玛丽)符合以上说法
，故选 D 项。
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的 She was stuck here by herself. She just hoped she didn't become as forgotten as the
island. The thought of it sent a chill down her back.(她一个人被困在这里。她只是希望她不会像这座孤岛一样被
遗忘。一想到这里，她就不寒而栗)可知，莉娜害怕是因为她想到可能没人回来救她，她就像这座孤岛一样
被遗忘了。C. The idea that no one would come to save her.(没人会来救她的想法)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。
【37 题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的 They had always called it ''Forgotten Island'' because no one but they seemed to
remember its existence. It wasn't on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didn’t know about
it.(他们总称它为“遗忘岛”，因为除了他们，似乎没有人记得它的存在。在他们能找到的地图上都没有它，
连护林员都不知道它)可知，她们三个经常去一个无人知晓的小岛玩耍，由此推测她们有冒险精神。B. They
had an adventurous spirit.(她们有冒险精神)符合以上推测，故选 B 项。
C
For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that
while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there
will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.
So what’s the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed
Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve
records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data.
This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient
contact.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself
doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots
such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family
members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ''face'' would
be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A
2016 study found that users had a ''consistently positive attitude'' about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance
communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.
A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI
Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks a huge
teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ''Robear'', can help patients into and out of
wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms. On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so
human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its
eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.
During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only
three or four said they didn't like having it around.”
It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to
attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to
collaboration, not replacement.
38. What does the author say about Japan?
A. It delivers the best medication for the elderly.
B. It takes the lead in providing robotic care.
C. It provides retraining for registered nurses.
D. It sets the trend in future robotics technology.
39. What are telepresence robots designed to do?
A. Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.
B. Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.
C. Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.
D. Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.
40. What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?
A. It interacts with patients just like a human companion.
B. It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.
C. It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.
D. It uses body language even more effectively than words.
41. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.
B. The robotics industry will soon take off.
C. Robots will not make nurses unnecessary.
D. Cooperation will not replace completion.
【答案】38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本几款可以充当某些看护服务的“机器人护士”，但也指出机器人不会取
代护士，他们是合作而非代替关系。
【38 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二三段的 So what's the solution? Robots. Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this
trend.(那解决方案是什么呢？机器人。在这一趋势方面，日本走在了前面)可知，日本在提供机器人护理方面是领先的。B. It takes the lead in providing robotic care.(它在提供机器人护理方面是领先的)符合以上说法，
故选 B 项。
【39 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的 Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a
computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them,
often via a screen where the robot's ''face'' would be.(远程呈现机器人，如 MantaroBot, Vgo 以及 Giraff 可以通过
电脑、智能手机或平板电脑进行控制，通过一个屏幕即机器人的脸，让家庭成员或医生远程监控病人，或
与他们聊天)可知，Telepresence 机器人可以帮助病人和医生或家庭成员之间进行交流。D. Facilitate
communication between patients and doctors or family members.(帮助病人和医生或家庭成员之间的交流)符合
以上说法，故选 D 项。
【40 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to
track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.(这个可以交流的机器人
同伴眼睛里有照相机，这使得它可以跟踪病人，并用适当的面部表情和肢体语言来进行互动)可知，Actroid F
最 大 的 特 点 是 它 可 以 像 人 类 同 伴 一 样 和 病 人 进 行 互 动 。A. It interacts with patients just like a human
companion.(它能像人类伴侣一样与患者互动)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。
【41 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的 It's important to note that robotic nurses don’t decide courses of treatment or make
diagnoses (值得注意的是，机器人护士不会决定治疗的过程或做出诊断)和 This is one industry where it seems
the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.(在这个行业中，机器人的互动会带来合作，
而非替代)可推测，机器人不会导致护士变得没有必要。C. Robots will not make nurses unnecessary.(机器人不
会让护士变得不必要)符合以上推测，故选 C 项。
D
In the last decade a revolution has occurred in the way that scientists think about the brain. We now know that
the decisions humans make can be traced to the firing patterns of neurons in specific parts of the brain. These
discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an
economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors. A brain
that can do this is an iconoclastic one. Briefly, an iconoclast is a person who does something that others say can't be
done. Neuroscientists have suggested that iconoclastic brains are different in three ways: perception, fear response,
and social intelligence.To understand how iconoclastic brains work, we first need to realize that the brain suffers from limited
resources. It has a fixed energy budget, so it has evolved to work as efficiently as possible. When faced with
information streaming from the eyes, the brain will interpret this information in the quickest way possible. Thus it
will draw on both past experience and other source of information, such as what other people say, to make sense of
what it is seeing. The brain takes shortcuts that work so well we are hardly aware of them. We think our perceptions
of the world are real, but they are only the products of the brain's interpretation.
Perception is central to iconoclasm. Iconoclasts see things differently to other people. Their brains do not fall
into efficiency pitfalls as much as the average person's brain. The best way to see things differently is to bombard (
轰炸) the brain with things it has never encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains
of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments. Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary
willingness to embrace what is fresh while most people avoid things that are different.
The problem with novelty, however, is that it tends to trigger (触发) the brain's fear system.
There are many types of fear, but the two that prevent iconoclastic thinking are fear of uncertainty and fear of
public ridicule. The fear of public speaking troubles one-third of the population. It is simply a common feature of
human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let stop their reactions.
Finally, to be successful iconoclasts, individuals must sell their ideas to other people. This is where social
intelligence comes in. Social intelligence is the ability to understand and manage people in a business setting.
Neuroscience has revealed which brain parts are responsible for functions like empathy, fairness, and social
identity. These brain regions play key roles in whether people convince others of their ideas.
Iconoclasts supply creativity and innovation not easily accomplished by others, creating new opportunities in
every area from art to technology to business. It is crucial for success in any field to understand how the iconoclastic
mind works.
42. Neuroeconomics is a field of study which aims to _______.
A. understand how decisions are made in the brain
B. cause a change in how scientists understand the brain
C. trace the firing patterns of neurons in different parts of the brain
D. understand how the brain is linked to achievement in an economic environment.
43. According to the author, an iconoclastic thinker _______.
A. has more opportunities than the average person
B. B. relies on previous events to make smart decisions
C. has a brain that functions differently to other peopleD. centralizes perceptual thinking in one part of the brain
44. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 means the iconoclasts' brains _______.
A. work more efficiently than the average person's brain
B interpret information more accurately than the average person's brain
C. do not have a fixed energy budget as the average person's brain
D. D. do not take perceptual shortcuts as much as the average person's brain
45. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. One-third of the population are too shy to do public speaking.
B. Exposure to different events forces the brain to think differently.
C. If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.
D. Social intelligence is more a matter of personality than brain function.
【答案】42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。反传统思维者的大脑运转与常人不同，他们的大脑运转更高效，更容易克服恐惧，在社
会上获得成功。
【42 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的 These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the
brain's secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently
from competitors.(这些发现催生了一个被称为神经经济学的领域，该领域研究的是在一个需要创新和能够以
不同于竞争对手的方式做事的经济环境中，大脑成功的秘密)可知，神经经济学的目的是弄清楚在经济环境
中大脑与成功关系。D. understand how the brain is linked to achievement in an economic environment.( 弄清楚在
经济环境中，大脑是如何与成就联系在一起的。)符合以上说法，故选 D 项。
【43 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的 Neuroscientists have suggested that iconoclastic brains are different in three ways:
perception, fear response, and social intelligence.(神经科学家认为，反传统思维者的大脑在三个方面是不同的:
感知、恐惧反应和社会智商。)以及根据第三段的 Iconoclasts see things differently to other
people.(反传统者看待事物的方式与其他人不同。)可知，反传统思想家的大脑与其他人的大脑运转方式不
同。C. has a brain that functions differently to other people(大脑的功能与其他人不同)符合以上说法，故选 C 项
。
.【44 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线部分后面的句子 The best way to see things differently is to bombard (轰炸) the brain with
things it has never encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of past experience and
forces the brain to make new judgments.Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary willingness to
embrace what is fresh while most people avoid things that are different.可知，用不同方式看待事物的
最好方法是用大脑从前没有遇到过的东西来轰炸它。新颖将感知过程从过去的经验中释放出来，迫使大脑
做出新的判断。，反传统思维者拥有非凡的意愿去拥抱新鲜事物，而大多数人避免不同的事物。由此推测
划线句子的意思是“反传统者的大脑运转比普通人的大脑高效”。 A. work more efficiently than the average
person’s brain(运转比普通人的大脑高效)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。
【45 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 There are many types of fear, but the two that prevent iconoclastic thinking are fear
of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule. The fear of public speaking troubles one-third of the population. It is simply
a common feature of human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let stop their reactions.(恐惧有很多种，但阻止反
传统思维的恐惧有两种，一种是对不确定的恐惧，一种是对公众嘲讽的恐惧。三分之一的人都恐惧公开演
讲。这不过是人类的共性，反传统者不会让这个恐惧阻止他们的反应)可推测，如果我们学会了反传统思维，
就可以克服恐惧。C. If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.(如果你用反传统方式思维
，你可以很容易地克服恐惧)符合以上推测，故选 C 项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cool Butterfly Effect: Insect Equipment Could Inspire Heat-Radiating Tech
Devising better cooling materials has become a pressing issue as the climate warms, and some scientists are
turning to nature for ideas. Small creatures with low body mass, such as insects, have to deal with the fact that they
warm up much faster than large mammals. When butterflies land on tree branches in the sun, for example, their
relatively large wings can overheat within seconds.
___46___ Researchers have now uncovered these colorful insects' built-in cooling mechanisms.
Heat is generated by the vibration of molecules. The more molecules a material can expose on its surface, the
more heat it can release in a process called radiative cooling. Those made of folded layers shaped like waves, for
example, cool off much faster than solid objects because they have more exposed surface area. ___47___ The wings
themselves are complex systems that contain both living and nonliving structures, covered by various types of scales
made of chitin—a rigid substance that is also found in some fungi(真菌). The researchers found that the scales covering these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in different ways. ___48___
The scientists' work is ''remarkable'', says Aaswath Raman, a professor at the University of California, Los
Angeles. ''___49___ Butterfly wings are extremely light, and the microstructures involved are extremely small and
thin. So this discovery can inspire ways of getting rid of heat in very lightweight systems. ''
___50___ It might work in a variety of colors. Many conventional buildings tend to be white because that it
does not absorb heat. But painting too many things white does not look pleasing, says Qiaoqiang Gan, a photonics
scientist. ''We still need a colorful world, '' Gan says, noting how vivid butterflies are in nature. ''Butterfly wings give
us an example that colorful structures can also result in cooling. ''
A. So they have evolved sophisticated ways to cool themselves.
B. We can make these microstructures into our own artificial processes.
C. It turns out that parts of butterflies' wings exploit a similar principle.
D. To decipher how these complex systems work, the team studied several types of butterflies
E. Such structures release warmth very efficiently, protecting the organs from overheating.
F. Along with its light weight, a butterfly-inspired cooling material might have another advantage.
G. Although far from a commercial application, such resulting material could eventually be used for purposes such as
painting buildings.
【答案】46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。通过对蝴蝶散热机制的研究，一种质轻、色彩多样的散热材料有可能面世。
【46 题详解】
上文 When butterflies land on tree branches in the sun, for example, their relatively large wings can overheat within
seconds.(当蝴蝶在阳光下落在树枝上时，它们相对过大的翅膀会在几秒钟内过热)与 A. So they have evolved
sophisticated ways to cool themselves.(因此，它们已经进化出了复杂的方法来给自己降温)承接自然，上下文
是明显的因果关系，cool 和 overheat 是关键词，故选 A 项。
【47 题详解】
上文 Those made of folded layers shaped like waves, for example, cool off much faster than solid objects because
they have more exposed surface area.(例如，那些由折叠形成波浪状层组成的物体比固体冷却得快得多，因为
它们有更多可以暴露的表面)与 C. It turns out that parts of butterflies' wings exploit a similar principle.(事实证明，
蝴蝶翅膀的某些部分利用了类似的原理)承接自然，选项里的 a similar principle 就是指上文提到的原理，故
选 C 项。【48 题详解】
上 文 The researchers found that the scales covering these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in
different ways.(研究人员发现鳞片覆盖的这些结构有不同的形状，这些形状用不同方式辐射热量)与 D. To
decipher how these complex systems work, the team studied several types of butterflies(为了解释这些复杂的系统
是如何工作的，这个小组研究了几种不同的蝴蝶)承接自然，选项中的 these complex systems 就是指上文的
these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in different ways，故选 D 项。
【49 题详解】
下文 Butterfly wings are extremely light, and the microstructures involved are extremely small and thin.(蝴蝶的翅
膀非常轻，所涉及的微观结构非常小和薄) 与 B. We can make these microstructures into our own artificial
processes.(我们可以把这些微观结构变成我们自己的人工过程)承接自然，microstructure 是关键词，故选 B
项。
【50 题详解】
下文 It might work in a variety of colors.(它可能有多种颜色)与 F. Along with its light weight, a butterfly-inspired
cooling material might have another advantage.(除了质轻之外，一种由蝴蝶启发的冷却材料可能还有另外一个
有点)承接自然，选项中的 another advantage 就是指下文提到的“有多种颜色”，故选 F 项。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节 (15 分)
51.假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你从报纸上得知英国人 Christopher J．A.Smith 先生骑自行车从英国
抵达北京，创下了新的世界纪录。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，邀请他近期到你校做一次演讲。内容包括：
1．说明邀请他的原因；
2．告知演讲的相关信息(例如：时间、地点、听众等)；
3．询问对方能否前来。
注意：1.词数不少于 50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr.Smith，
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Sincerely Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr.Smith,
I am the president of the Student Union at the Hongxing Middle School.On behalf of our school, I would like to
congratulate you on the new world record you have set.Meanwhile, I am delighted to invite you to give a speech in
our school about what you experienced because you are very popular in our school and your stories published in the
newspapers are a great source of encouragement to many people.
The activity will be held in our school auditorium on November 17th.It will start from 1530 and last for 2
hours.The audience may include all the students，staff and some parents.We really hope you can come to make it.
If you are interested in this, please write back to me at your earliest convenience.I am looking forward to your
reply.
Sincerely Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成红星中学学生会主席李华。从报纸上得知英国人
Christopher J.A.Smith 先生骑自行车从英国抵达北京，创下了新的世界纪录。请用英文给他写一封邮件，邀
请他近期到你校做一次演讲。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
【详解】第 1 步：审题。根据提示可知本文要求考生把自己当成李华，用英文给英国人 Christopher J.A.Smith
写一封邮件，邀请他近期到你校做一次演讲。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
第 2 步：组织要点。说明邀请他的原因；告知演讲的相关信息(例如：时间、地点、听众等)；询问对方能否
前来。
第 3 步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为：congratulate on，be delighted to, a great source of，at
one’s convenience 等，写作时注意书信的格式和时态问题。
第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美
观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。文章里使用了较多的
高级词汇，如 congratulate on，be delighted to, a great source of，at one’s convenience 等；尽量运用了丰富的句
式，如宾语从句 Meanwhile, I am delighted to invite you to give a speech in our school about what you
experienced…同时文章里还使用了一些串联成分，如 meanwhile 等，这些串联成分让各个要点更为紧密地结
合在一起。这些高级语法结构的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了很强的驾驭语言的能力。
第二节 (20 分)
52. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和同学从网上得知美国抗癌男孩 Dorian 的愿望是看到有人在长城
上举着“D-Strong”的牌子。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍你
们帮助小男孩圆梦，并号召他人进行爱心接力的全过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
提示词：微信朋友圈 WeChat Moments
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【答案】A few days ago, when we surfed the Internet, we found that an American boy, Dorian, was
suffering from cancer, and his last wish was to see someone holding his name and taking photos
on the Great Wall. Then we decided to help him realize his dream. Last weekend, we made a
poster with “D-strong” written on it. The next day we came to the Great Wall. Holding the
poster, we took many photos. We hope that Dorian can understand our love and become
optimistic. In the evening, we sent him the photos along with our regards. We also posted the
story on WeChat Moments to call on more people join in the relay of love and support. I hope
Dorian will live the rest of his life to the fullest.
【解析】
试题分析：本文对考生的要求较高，要求考生首先读懂原文，再根据文字提示写作。写信的要点都隐含在
信中，再读懂文章的基础上，要考生自己归纳出来，再一一进行解决，考生需要使用合适的连接词把这些要点连接成文，也要注意运用适当的高级句型.
【亮点说明】范文中运用一些常见的短语 suffer from 遭受；take photo 照相；call on 号召；Holding the
poster, we took many photos 这个句子运用到非谓语动词做伴随状语；his last wish was to see
someone holding his name and taking photos on the Great Wall.这个句子中运用到不定式做表语；
考点： 提纲类作文
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