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闵行区 2019 学年度第二学期高三年级质量调研考试
高三英语
考生注意：
1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共 12 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非
选择题）在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前, 务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考生号。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and
the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,
read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the
question you have heard.
1. A. A cook. B. A dentist. C. A surgeon. D. A technician .
2. A. She ’d like to have the windows open. B. She likes to have the air conditioner on .
C. The air is heavily polluted . D. The windows are always open.
3. A. Art attraction. B. Painting skills.
C. Furniture quality. D. Room decoration.
4. A. She appreciates the man’s effort. B. She does enjoy spicy food.
C. She is annoyed with the man. D. She doesn’t like the food the man prepared .
5. A. They can’t fit into the machine. B. They were sent to the wrong stress.
C. They haven’t been delivered yet . D. They were found to be of the wrong type .
6. A. The long waiting time. B. The broken down computer.
C. The mistakes in her telephone bill. D. The bad telephone service.
7. A. Its quality. B. Its price C. Its materials D. Its appearance.
8. A. Walk in the countryside. B. Do some exercise.
C. Go shopping. D. Wash some dresses.
9. A. He is going to visit a photo studio. B. He has just had his picture taken.
C. He is one the way to the theatre. D. He has just returned from a job interview.
10. A. He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.
B. He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.
C. He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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D. He believes most college students are running wild.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and
you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages
and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you
hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be
the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Attend expert growers’ lecture. B. Visit fruit-lovig families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard(果园). D. Taste many kinds of apples.
12. A. It is a new variety. B. It is the best variety for eating quality.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It needs perfect soil to grow.
13 A. To show how to grow apples. B. To introduce an apple festival .
C. To help people select apples. D. To attract more people to visit Britain
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.
14. A. Lack of sleep could lead to heath problem.
B. Lack of sleep affects adults more than children.
C. Sleeping problems are one of the leading causes of obesity.
D. The amount of sleep people need changes with age.
15. A. Less sleep is needed when they enter adolescence.
B. Ideally, they need 8 hours of sleep a night.
C. They may have difficulty in falling asleep before 11:00 pm .
D. They always wake up at midnight due to biological changes .
16. A. The amount of sleep and academic performance.
B. A comparison of different time to start school .
C. Students’ sleeping time and social behaviors.
D. A beneficial change of school starting time.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Extreme sports . B. City life.
C. Human’s potential. D. Danger and safety.上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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18. A. They like to stay isolated . B. They prefer danger to safety.
C. They want to know their potential. D. They are bored with the traditional ones.
19. A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Neutral.
20. A. It is interesting and challenging . B. It is dangerous and needs no skills.
C. It enables people to face fears. D. It only stimulate individualism.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent
and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper
form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A brief history of Chopsticks.
We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(器皿) used by
billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been
wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B.C., and by A.D. 500 chopsticks 21 (sweep) the
Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings 22 cooking utensils
to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there's more to chopsticks than meets the
eye.
Chopsticks 25 (develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The 24 (early) versions
were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around
400 B. C. ,crafty chefs figured out 25 to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces
that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new method
of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched
the non-violent teachings of Confucius ( 孔 子 )， 26 expressed in one of his numerous
quotations:“ the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠
宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, he believed that
knives’ sharp points evoked( 诱 发 ) violence 27 (kill) the happy, contented mood that
should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became
widespread throughout Asia.
Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese
chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for
men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first 28 (create) the now-
ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with
ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was
believed that the silver would corrode and turn black 29 it came into contact with poisoned
food.上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another staple of
Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia most
rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(淀粉质食品) in these rices create a
cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long-
grain rice. 30 chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it's a match
made in heaven.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used
only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. label B. bears C. burdened D. illustrates E. implements F. guaranteed
G. presented H. hit I. entry J. nationalized K. ground
The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the
first postage stamp issued anywhere, 31 the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British
postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public
service that 32 the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly
33 with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, 34 with seemingly
improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients
were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this 35 some problems—either people weren’t
home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far
too long.
About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges
and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender.
When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained
36 among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to
discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men conceived of a gluy
37 that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it had gained support
with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family,
officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform.
He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince
Parliament to 38 his system.
In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp
39 describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the
design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.
The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate 40 .
Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well received that
it remained in use for forty year.上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked
A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than
traveling to another place. It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not
contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic
areas.
The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market 41 in the United States.
Because of it, many households were forced to 42 their expenses and consequently limit
their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many
people started to (re) discover their most 43 surroundings
At the same time, awareness of the 44 impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns
the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the
main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona,
Venice, or the Seychelles planning on 45 a tourist cap.
Staycation appears like a great solution for the 46 above mentioned. It is a great way of
spending joyful vacations while helping one's 47 and the environment. 48 , staying
close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.
Apart from the financial 49 gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not
booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful
50 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; 51 , other means
of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored.
This allows people's carbon footprints not to 52 as much as they would if long distances
had been traveled.
A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend.
Slow tourism invites you to live in the 53 moment. It encourages you to take your time,
discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people
you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no 54 to go from one
activity to another just to stay busy all the time.
Given the multiple 55 of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at
the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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41. A. value B. sector C. crisis D. shares
42. A. restrict B. bear C. avoid D. meet
43. A. cheerful B. immediate C. polluted D. attractive
44. A. limited B. financial C. cultural D. environmental
45. A. introducing B. stopping C. postponing D. raising
46. A. challenges B. assessment C. tasks D. applications
47. A. voyage B. mind C. pocket D. hometown
48. A. In addition B. For example C. In fact D. On the contrary
49. A. services B. advice C. resources D. savings
50. A. emissions B. exposure C. vehicles D. strategies
51. A. therefore B. instead C. however D. moreover
52. A. last B. fall C. increase D. change
53. A. historic B. present C. critical D. climatic
54. A. good B. harm C. blame D. rush
55. A. advantages B. challenges C. platforms D. themes
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬) Kayla hated being left alone or separated.
She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same
problem with their pets. She wondered: ―What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?
Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas. Finally,
she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device
iCPooch. ―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke. ―It comes up
immediately on the screen on their end. It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear
each other.With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!
Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist
competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video
presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final
competition in St. Paul, Minn.
After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young
Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division. ―I just lead her down the product development
path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to test the
potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s
end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.
‘One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what
if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? ’Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson
discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the
dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.
The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects
include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for
not texting or calling. Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific
method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, ―so the kids don’t get buried in data.
she said.
56. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition.
B. A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.
C. A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.
D. A kid-invented device calm dogs’ separation anxiety.
57.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by .
A. allowing video chat B. making dogs sleep
C. answering the call D. giving them food
58. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentor”
A. competitors B. assistants C. instructors D. companions
59. What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?
A. They are all new inventions dealing with pets.
B. They are possible solutions to everyday problems.
C. They cope with the problems related to computers.
D. They are all accomplished through individual work.
(B)上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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www. NewYorkMint. Com上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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60. To promote the Sliver Eagles coin, what is stressed in the ad?
A．The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.
B．The coin can be circulated as a currency.
C．Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.
D．Demand for the coin is bound to break records.
61. If you buy six 2012 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least .
A. 230.7 B. 233.7 C. 240.7 D. 243.7
62. The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by .
A．shopping online B．making a phone call C．
lining up in front of the stores D．writing to the company
(C)
The dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like
Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so-called “passenger drones(无人机)”—self-flying
drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town—which could shrink
commute(上下班往返) times from hours to minutes.
At first glance, human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars. Until
recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way. Yet
a few companies have kept at it: Woburn, for example, has since 2006 been developing
Transition, a “roadable aircraft” that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive
on roads. A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell, however, as there
are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot’s license and
take to the skies.
Passenger drones, by contrast, would operate autonomously and leave the “roadable” part
behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist. Passenger drone designs favor
“distributed electric propulsion(推进),” meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large
engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own, smaller motor. This sacrifices
lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter
weight—factors that could make them cheaper to operate. Quieter electric power would make
the noise tolerable to city residents, although it remains to be seen how much weight such a
vehicle could lift, and for how long.
With any of these vehicles, safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
第10页共15页
and the automated systems flying them. Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large
numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or, say, the local news
channel’s traffic helicopter. Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough, but even
the best AI struggles with surprises: What, for example, would a drone do if a landing area
suddenly became unavailable? asks Sanjiv Singh, a Carnegie Mellon University robotics
researcher. Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones, he suggests first testing the
necessary AI in unmanned cargo(货物)runs, and adopting a “mixed mode” approach in early
passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co-pilots.
Technical challenges aside, start-ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to
convince the public to give their drones a whirl, something that requires a much bigger leap of
faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car. Passenger drone makers are “obviously
still in the incubation(孵化) stages of technology development and improving the basics,” says
Mike Hirschberg, executive director of the American Helicopter Society International. “But 20
or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage of the third
dimension and have much more mobility, especially in urban close quarters where ground
transportation is gridlocked.”
The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap.
Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing, analysis, regulation
and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology becomes a viable transportation
option. “There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets
the industry back for some time,” he says.
63. Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because
.
A. people don’t have the courage to take the cars to the air.
B. people are unwilling to train for a pilot’s license.
C. people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely.
D. it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together.
64. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones?
A. It can lift more weight. B. It is lighter in weight.
C. It makes less noise. D. It is simpler in mechanical design.
65. What is Hirschberg’s attitude towards passenger drones?上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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A. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .
B. I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing .
C. In my personal opinion, boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have
a try.
D. Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts.
E. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing
F. It is likely to threaten personal safety of people.
A. disapproving B. neutral C. skeptical D. cautiously optimistic
66. We can learn from the passage that .
A. artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic.
B. human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers.
C. the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future.
D. the public’s distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.
Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers ,
magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches . Professional
boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.
It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it appealing because it is an aggressive
sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can identify with the winning boxer , and this
gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling
of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday
lives . 67
However , there is a negative side to boxing . 68 Although boxers wear gloves
during the fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been
accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences .
Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a
result of being knocked out in the ring. 69 Sometimes even if a boxer has
never been knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it.上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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70 I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports
on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and
heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course ,
people like competitive sports , and so do I , but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive
way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more
likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the
next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic
cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains
nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.
As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los
Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e-
cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or
any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530
students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six
and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or
any other forms of tobacco products.
During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-
cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1
percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into
the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared
to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.
“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should
continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D. Volkow, M.D.
“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful
effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”
“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have
never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study. “While
we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns
that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking-
related illness."
V.Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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brackets.
72. 在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗。(it)
73. 在抗击病毒的斗争中，中国会给予受到感染的国家尽可能多的帮助。（offer）
74.极目远眺，山外有山，令人赞叹不已。(view)
75. 从长远角度看，各国间需要加强沟通，完善全球医疗体系，防止类似疫情爆发，避
免卫生危机演变为全球经济危机。(stop)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given
below in Chinese.
假设你是高三某班班长李华，7 月即将毕业，你正计划高考后在班级里开展一项离
校公益活动---“绿色离校（Be a Green school-leaver）”旧书回收项目。请写一封倡议信
给你们班级同学，信中必须包括：
⚫ 该活动的目的和意义；
⚫ 该活动的具体计划。 上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
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闵行区 2019 学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷参
考答案
I. Listening Comprehension
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D
11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
II. Grammar and vocabulary.
Section A
21. had swept 22. as 23. Were developed 24. earliest 25. how
26. as 27. killing 28. to create 29. if/when 30. As/Because/Since
Section B
31. B 32. F 33. J 34. C 35. G 36. K 37. A 38. E 39. I 40. H
III. Reading and comprehension
Section A
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. A
51. B 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. A
Section B
56. D 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. A 61. C 62. B 63. C 64. A 65. D
66. D
Section C
67. A 68. F 69. E 70. B
IV. summary writing
As indicated in a new study, early exposure to e-cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in
teens.( 要 点 一 ) Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e-cigarettes
experiences and those nonusers has been made, the result of which reveals a significant increase上海初高中英语 整理 微信公众号：Shanghai_English
第15页共15页
of smoking tendency in the former. (要点二、三) With the prevalence of e-cigarettes, it’s worth
paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly
exerted by e-cigarettes. (要点四)
V.Translations:
72. It is not clearly/remains unknown/ remains to be seen whether on-line classes can meet the
demands of students of different levels.
73. China will offer as much assistance as possible to the countries infected (with the disease)
in the battle against virus.
74. If you look around in the distance, you will enjoy the fantastic view of mountains beyond
mountains, with sincere/great/deep admiration .
75. From a long-term perspective, all the countries should strengthen communication(between
each other), improve the global medical/healthcare system, and prevent the outbreak of similar
epidemic, stopping the heath crisis from turning into a global economy crisis.
VI. Writing （略）
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