2020 届北京十一学校高三三月月考
英语试题
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By the time Michael Phelps retired at 31, he ___1___ (collect) a total of 23 golds, three silvers
and two bronzes at the Olympics, a record that looks unlikely to be broken for many years ___2___
(come). Phelps suffered hyperactivity disorder as a child and ___3___ (encourage) to take up
swimming at seven to control his energy. Over the years he developed into a champion
swimmer, beating record after record. “I was trying to see ___4___ I could really do and where my
potential could go” , said Phelps.
【答案】1. had collected
2. to come 3. was encouraged
4. what
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国游泳名将菲尔普斯的成就以及他是如何走上游泳这条道路的。
【1 题详解】
考查时态。句意：到 31 岁的迈克尔·菲尔普斯退役时，他已经在奥运会上总共获得了 23 枚
金牌、3 枚银牌和 2 枚铜牌，这个纪录在未来很多年都不太可能被打破。根据时间状语“By the
time Michael Phelps retired at 31”可知用过去完成时，故填 had collected。
【2 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知此处表示“未来很多年”，应该用不定式作后置定语表将来，
故填 to come。
【3 题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：菲尔普斯小时候患有多动症，为了控制自己的精力，他在 7 岁时被鼓
励开始学习游泳。“as a child”表明陈述的是过去的事情，主语 Phelps 与 encourage 之间是被动
关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填 was encouraged。【4 题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：菲尔普斯说:“我只是想看看自己究竟能做些什么，看看自己的潜力能
发挥到什么程度”。此处为宾语从句，从句中的do 缺少宾语，故填 what。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In most big cities, it is easier to hire a taxi at a moment’s notice when the weather is good. But
when it’s raining, people have a much harder time ___5___(find) one. One obvious reason is that
many people who walk short distances during good weather prefer to take a taxi in the rain. ___6___,
taxis tend to be more fully occupied on rainy days. Besides, the supply of available taxis is also
smaller because taxi drivers can ___7___ (easy) reach the target fares and go home early.
【答案】5. finding
6. So/Therefore/Thus
7. easily
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，分析了在雨天很难打到出租车的原因。
【5 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是在雨天，人们很难打到出租车。have a hard time (in) doing 表示
“ 做……有困难”，故填finding。
【6 题详解】
考查副词/连词。句意：因此，在雨天，乘坐出租车的人更多。根据句意可知“人们喜欢在雨
天打车”与“在雨天，乘坐出租车的人更多”是因果关系，此处表示结果，故填So/Therefore/Thus。
【7 题详解】
考查副词。句意：此外，拉客的出租车也较少，因为很多出租车司机赚够了钱提前回家了。
修饰动词 reach 用副词，故填 easily。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Developed by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism is a philosophical
and ethical system, which has become an ___8___(influence) part. Today, mottos from Confucianism are frequently used by foreign officials in their speeches or talks. People around the
globe can have access ___9___Confucianism in Confucius Institutes and Chinese Culture
Centers abroad. Up to now, China ___10___ (open) about 500 Confucius Institutes in 140
countries and regions, introducing China by opening training classes, building libraries, and holding
cultural activities.
【答案】8. influential
9. to 10. has opened
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了儒家思想在世界各地的传播。
【8 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：儒家思想是一个哲学和伦理体系，它已经成为一个有影响力的部分。修
饰名词 part 用形容词，故填 influential。
【9 题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：世界各地的人们可以在孔子学院和海外的中国文化中心接触到儒家思
想。have access to 表示“接近、可以利用”，故填to。
【10 题详解】
考查时态。句意：截至目前，中国已在 140 个国家和地区开设了约 500 所孔子学院。根据时
间状语“Up to now”可知用现在完成时，主语是 China，谓语用第三人称单数，故填 has
opened。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
This Too Shall Pass
When my family moved to Ohio over the summer, I feared attending another new school and
knowing no one because I was able to expect what was coming. I had bright red hair and enormous
glasses. In addition, I was___11___and not very sociable.
Boarding the school bus that first day, I felt like all eyes on me. I could hear the___12___“She’s
huge!” Obviously, the kids on the bus had known each other well. I spent that first bus___13___in
silence.
The following day was even___14___. I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across
the aisle and thus fell face first on the bus, ____15____everything I was carrying. ____16____I was
embarrassingly gathering my supplies, I could hear the laughter, and then the___17___“That felt like an earthquake!” Anyway, I___18___ to find a seat. Looking out of the window, I___19___the
tears welling up in my eyes.
It was then that I sank into myself. I began walking everywhere. I would wander through the
woods behind our house. I would also walk to a____20____about two miles down the road, where I
would chat silently with myself. I began____21____the afternoon school bus on purpose, walking
home instead. Then,____22____, I started losing weight. And as I became content with myself, I
began making____23____.
One of my newly-found friends also____24____with her weight, wanting to be a “perfect”
cheerleader. She lived near my neighborhood so we would meet and____25____together. This
became a daily activity with talking and laughing____26____the way—different from the lonely
walks I had taken. My friend said that I didn’t have to be perfect. I just had to be me, and be happy
with____27____.
While I would not want to____28____that time of loneliness, sadness and embarrassment, I
am____29____I made it through. Whenever I am struggling with any other problem in life, I always
remember the proverb “This too shall pass.” If you can find a path with no obstacles, it probably
doesn’t____30____anywhere.
11. A. outgoing B. overweight C. intelligent D. friendly
12. A. whisper B. whistle C. giggle D. laugh
13. A. drive B. lift C. ride D. travel
14. A. worse B. longer C. funnier D. duller
15. A. throwing B. losing C. leaving D. dropping
16. A. Though B. While C. Since D. Because
17. A. opinions B. statements C. comments D.
discussions
18. A. determined B. attempted C. pretended D. managed
19. A. kept away B. took back C. put away D. held back
20. A. garden B. market C. church D. library
21. A. escaping B. missing C. delaying D. stopping
22. A. uninterestedly B. uncertainly C. unfortunately D.
unexpectedly23 A. changes B. friends C. efforts D. decisions
24. A. struggled B. competed C. dealt D. lived
25. A. run B. play C. chat D. walk
26. A. along B. across C. by D. in
27. A. oneself B. myself C. herself D. itself
28. A. relive B. remind C. relate D. rethink
29. A. excited B. upset C. proud D. regretful
30. A. exist B. stretch C. lead D. stay
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. D
20. C 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C
30. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者曾经是一个体重超重的女孩，坐校车时经常会受到其他同学的
嘲笑与戏弄，后来作者开始故意错过校车而步行回家，没想到自己因此而瘦了下来，并开始
和新交的朋友一起结伴步行回家，作者经历证明要想成功就要克服路上的障碍，坦途不会带
你走向成功。
【11 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我体重过重，还不太善于交际。A. outgoing 外向的；B.
overweight 超重的； C. intelligent 聪明的；D. friendly 友好的。空前说我害怕去去新学校上
学，并列举了自己的缺点——有一头鲜红的头发并且戴着一副大大的眼镜，“In addition”表
明此处是对前面的补充说明，讲的还是自己的缺点，指的是“体重过重”，下文中的“She’s
huge!”也是提示，故 B 项正确。
【12 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能听到他们小声议论“她真是个庞然大物”。A. whisper 小声说；
B. whistle 吹口哨；C. giggle 咯咯笑；D. laugh 大笑。根据空后的““She’s huge!””可知，我能
听到别人小声议论“她真是个庞然大物”，故A 项正确。
【13 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我第一次坐校车是在沉默中度过的（乘车的一路上都没有说话）。
A. drive 驱车旅行；B. lift 上升；C. ride 车程；D. travel 旅行。bus ride 乘车，车程。根据空前的“Boarding the school bus that first day”可知，我第一天乘校车，因此此处指“乘校车的一路上”，
故 C 项正确。
【14 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天更糟。A. worse 更糟糕的；B. longer 更长的；C. funnier 更
好笑的；D. duller 更暗的。空后一句说我没有注意到有几个男孩在过道上系了一条鞋带，结果
被绊倒了，因此第二天的情况更糟，故 A 项正确。
【15 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有注意到有几个男孩在过道上系了一条鞋带，结果大头朝下
摔倒了，把我带的东西摔了一地。A. throwing 扔掉；B. losing 失去；C. leaving 离开；D. dropping
掉落。根据空前的“thus fell face first on the bus”可知，我被绊倒了，手里拿的东西都掉在了
地上，故 D 项正确。
【16 题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我尴尬地收拾掉在地上的东西时，我能听到别人的哄笑，然后
是 “感觉像地震！”这样的评论。A. Though 尽管；B. While 当……时；C. Since 自从；D. Because
因为。根据空后的“I was embarrassingly gathering my supplies, I could hear the laughter”可知，当
我收拾我掉在地上的东西时，我听见别人的哄笑，故 B 项正确。
【17 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. opinions 观点；B. statements 陈述；C. comments 评论；D.
discussions 讨论。根据空后的““That felt like an earthquake!””可知此处指“感觉像地震！”这
样的评论，故 C 项正确。
【18 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管怎么说，我还是找到一个座位坐下了。A. determined 下决心；
B. attempted 试图；C. pretended 假装；D. managed 设法做成。根据空后的“Looking out of the
window”可知，我从车窗往外看，这说明我还是找到一个座位坐下了，manage to do 设法做成
某事，故 D 项正确。
【19 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：望着窗外，我强忍着不让眼泪掉下来。A. kept away 防范；B. took
back 收回；C. put away 放好；D. held back 抑制、阻止。根据空后的“the tears welling up in my
eyes.”可知，我强忍着不让眼泪掉下来，故 D 项正确。
【20 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还会步行到大约两英里外的教堂，在那里我和自己默默交谈。
A. garden 花园；B. market 市场；C. church 教堂；D. library 图书馆。根据空后的“where I would
chat silently with myself.”可知，教堂是可以和自己默默交谈的地方，故 C 项正确。
【21 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始故意错过下午的校车，步行回家。A. escaping 逃离；B. missing
错过；C. delaying 推迟；D. stopping 停止。根据空后的“walking home instead.”可知，我开始步
行回家，这说明我故意错过下午的校车，故 B 项正确。
【22 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，出乎意料的是，我的体重开始减轻。A. uninterestedly 不感
兴趣地；B. uncertainly 不确定地；C. unfortunately 不幸地；D. unexpectedly 出乎意料地。空前
一句说我开始故意错过下午的校车，步行回家，没想到我竟然开始变瘦了，这是一个出乎意
料的结果，故 D 项正确。
【23 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我对自己的体形感到满意时，我开始交朋友。A. changes 改变；
B. friends 朋友；C. efforts 努力；D. decisions 决定。根据上文中的“I started losing weight”可
知，体重减轻给我带来了信心，再结合空后的“One of my newly-found friends”可知，我开始交
朋友了，故 B 项正确。
【24 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我新交的一个朋友也在努力减肥，想成为一个“完美”的啦啦队队长。
A. struggled 努力；B. competed 竞争；C. dealt 处理；D. lived 住。根据空后的“wanting to be a
“perfect” 可知，我的这个朋友想成为一个“完美”的啦啦队队长，这说明她也在努力减肥，struggle
with 努力干某事，故 A 项正确。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她住在我家附近，所以我们可以相约一起步行回家。A. run 跑步；
B. play 玩；C. chat 聊天；D. walk 走路。根据上文中的“I began___11___the afternoon school bus
on purpose, walking home instead.”可知，我开始故意错过下午的校车，步行回家，再结合下文
中的“different from the lonely walks I had taken.”可知，两个人结伴步行不同于一个人步行，因
此处是说我们可以相约一起步行回家，故 D 项正确。
【26 题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：这成了我俩的一项日常活动，一路上有说有笑，不同于我独自步行回家。A. along 沿着；B. across 穿过；C. by 在……旁边；D. in 在……里面。根据空前的“with
talking and laughing”可知，我俩结伴步行回家一路上有说有笑，along the way 沿途，一路上，
故 A 项正确。
【27 题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：我朋友说我不一定要完美，我只需要做我自己，对我自己满意。
A. oneself 一个人自己；B. myself 我自己；C. herself 她自己；D. itself 它自己。根据空前的“I just
had to be me,”可知，我只需要做我自己，对自己满意，故 B 项正确。
【28 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我不想再次经历那段孤独、悲伤和困窘的时光，但我为自己
挺了过来而自豪。A. relive 再体验；B. remind 提醒；C. relate 涉及；D. rethink 重新考虑。根据
空后的“that time of loneliness, sadness and embarrassment”可知，我不想再次经历那段孤独、悲
伤和困窘的时光，故 A 项正确。
【29 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excited 兴奋的；B. upset 心烦的；C. proud 自豪的；D.
regretful 后悔的。根据空后的“I made it through”可知，我为自己挺了过来而自豪，故C 项正
确。
【30 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你若找到一条没有任何障碍的道路，它很可能不通往任何地方（坦
途不会带你走向成功）。A. exist 存在；B. stretch 伸展；C. lead 通往；D. stay 停留。根据空前的
“If you can find a path with no obstacles”可知，你若找到一条没有任何障碍的道路，它很可能不
通往任何地方，言外之意，坦途不会带你走向成功，故 C 项正确。
【点睛】本篇第 15 空 A 项 run 的干扰性较大，有些同学会认为我和新交的那个朋友相约一起
跑步减肥而误选此项，但根据上文中的“I began___11___the afternoon school bus on purpose,
walking home instead.”可知，我开始故意错过下午的校车，步行回家，再结合下文中的“different
from the lonely walks I had taken.”可知，两个人结伴步行不同于一个人步行，因此处是说我们
可以相约一起步行回家，故 D 项（walk）正确。
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ADramatized Thoughts on Public Speaking
As the crowd gathered, I could feel my heart beating. I wondered if they could hear it. Against
my will, I could feel my face turning hot and knew that I was blushing. Even if they cannot hear my
heart thumping with every beat, I thought, they can surely see it in my eyes. My eyes are always a
dead give-away. They well up with fear and often even hot with tears, every time I get nervous. That
and my stupid old face turning a bright shade of red… I knew that by now I probably looked like a
sunburned tomato. They would never take me seriously.
I began to wish that I was more like my sister. She is always so confident and proud of herself. It
seemed like she hardly ever gets nervous when it really counts. Either that or she hid it better than I. I
wished I had never even thought of this stupid idea of running for student body president. That was a
month ago, before I found out that I would have to speak in front of the entire school. It was too late to
back out now pretty soon the speeches would begin. It would only be a few hours before the
embarrassing results would come out, and that wasn't even the worst of my worries. What would
everyone say? What would my parents think when I told them that I lost the election? They were so
proud of me; I would never be able to tell them. Everyone was counting on me, my teachers, my
friends, even the principal. I was sure that I would fail miserably now that I had gotten myself into
such a negative state of mind. I reread my speech. All the great hopes and ideas I had, all written on
that awful piece of paper. I realized why I had written those words and an air of anticipation (预感)
ran through my body. Just in time, too.
I heard my name only seconds later. Those few feet to the podium ( 讲 台 ) felt like a mile. My
knees were shaking, but somehow I managed to keep my ground. Although I knew that I probably
wouldn't need it, I placed my well-rehearsed speech on the podium. Then, like a gymnast about to
plunge into a tumbling pass, I looked up at the audience. And as I delivered that speech, a new and
strange realization came to me. I had captured their attention and for a moment---they belonged to
me.
31. Why did the author think it stupid to attend the election?
A. People wouldn’t take her seriously. B. Her sister was much better than her.
C. She didn’t expect such a large audience. D. There wasn’t enough time for her to
prepare.
32. What was the author’s worst worry?A. Her efforts would be in vain. B. She would disappoint others.
C. The results would come out soon D. She would suffer from stage fright.
33. What can we learn from the author’s experience?
A. Great efforts pay off.
B. Always look on the bright side.
C. Never lose heart when you fail.
D. Things may not be as bad as you think.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己参加学生会主席竞选演讲的经历。
【31 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “I wished I had never even thought of this stupid idea of running for
student body president. That was a month ago, before I found out that I would have to speak in front of
the entire school.”可知，作者之前没想到参加竞选还需要在全校面前发表演讲，所以她感到自
己当初参加竞选很傻。所以故为什么作者认为参加选举是愚蠢的是因为她没有想到会有这么
多观众。C 项正确。
【32 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中 “It would only be a few hours before the embarrassing results would
come out, and that wasn't even the worst of my worries. What would everyone say? What would my
parents think when I told them that I lost the election? They were so proud of me; I would never be
able to tell them. Everyone was counting on me, my teachers, my friends, even the principal.”可知，
只要几个小时，尴尬的结果就会出来，这还不是我最担心的。 大家会怎么说？ 如果我告诉我
父母我竞选失败了，他们会怎么想？ 他们为我感到骄傲，我永远无法告诉他们。 每个人都指
望着我，我的老师，我的朋友，甚至是校长。所以作者最担心的是如果自己演讲失败会让关
心她的人失望，故 B 项正确。
【33 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “And as I delivered that speech, a new and strange realization
came to me. I had captured their attention and for a moment---they belonged to me.”而知，当作者走
上讲台演讲时，她发现观众认真聆听，事情没有她原以为的那么糟糕。由此我们能从作者的
经历中学到事情可能没有你想的那么糟。故 D 项正确。
的B
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SHIPPING on 8 or More!34. We can learn that the Silver Dollar is ______.
A. newly designed B. currently in circulation
C. issued in limited quantity D. intended for top collectors
35. What makes the Silver Dollar most worth collecting?
A. It is made of precious metal. B. It is government guaranteed.
C. It is popular with customers. D. It is beautifully designed.
36. To secure your Silver Dollar, you’d better ______.
A. contact the United States Mint B. visit GovMint.com first .
C. call at 1-888-835-8675 now D. buy eight or more at a time
37. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. present and argue B. inform and persuade
C. introduce and analyze D. compare and evaluate
【答案】34. C 35. B 36. C 37. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍新发行的美国鹰银元，并劝人们收藏。
34 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is a strictly limited release of one of the most beautiful silver
coins in the world. Today you have the opportunity to secure these massive one full Troy ounce U.S.
Silver Dollars in Brilliant Uncirculated (BU) condition.”可知，新发行的美国鹰银元是限量版全金
衡盎司的银元，也就是说它是限量发行的，故 C 项正确。
【35 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Silver is by far the most affordable of all precious metals and each
full Troy ounce American Eagle Silver Dollar is government-guaranteed for its 99.9 purity,
authenticity, and legal status.” 可知，银是所有贵金属中最实惠的，每盎司美国鹰银元的纯度、
真实性和法律地位均由政府担保，这是美国鹰银元最值得收藏的原因，故 B 项正确。
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But by calling today, you can secure yours ahead of the rush.”及第七
段中的“call now at 1-888-835-8675 and secure your very own American Eagle Silver Dollars ahead
of the crowd.”可知，应尽快拨打电话 888-835-8675 预定购买，以确保成功收藏，故 C 项正确。
【【37 题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是新发行的美国鹰银元的具体情况，再结合最
后一段中的 “call now at 1-888-835-8675 and secure your very own American Eagle Silver Dollars
ahead of the crowd. Plus, the more you buy, the more you save!现在致电 1-888-835-8675，抢在人群
前面获得属于您自己的美洲鹰银元。另外，你买的越多，省的钱就越多” 由此判断出，文章的
目的向读者介绍新发行的美国鹰银元并劝其购买，故 B 项正确。
【点睛】本篇第 4 题 C 项（介绍和分析）干扰性较大，有些同学认为文章向大家介绍美国鹰
银元并分析其收藏价值而误选此项，但通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是新发行的美国鹰银
元的具体情况，再结合最后一段中的 “call now at 1-888-835-8675 and secure your very own
American Eagle Silver Dollars ahead of the crowd. Plus, the more you buy, the more you save!现在
致电 1-888-835-8675，抢在人群前面获得属于您自己的美洲鹰银元。另外，你买的越多，省的
钱就越多” 由此判断出，文章的目的向读者介绍新发行的美国鹰银元并劝其购买，故 B 项（告
知和劝说）正确。
C
Hibernation
For people who aren’t fans of winter, animals that hibernate seem to have the right idea: It’s the
equivalent of burying your head under the covers until spring comes — isn't it? Not quite.
“Most of the physiological functions are extremely slowed down,” says Marina Blanco, a
postdoctoral associate at the Duke Lemur (狐猴) Center in Durham, North Carolina. For example,
when lemurs hibernate, they reduce their heart rates from over 300 beats per minute to fewer than six,
says Blanco. And instead of breathing about every second, they can go up to 10 minutes without
taking a breath. Their brain activity “becomes undetectable.” This is very different from sleep, which
is gentle resting state where unconscious functions are still performed.
Put simply: “Hibernation is a means of energy conservation,” says Kelly Drew, a
neuropharmacologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks who studies the brain chemistry of
hibernating Arctic ground squirrels.While hibernation is often seen as a seasonal behavior, it’s not
limited to cold-weather animals. There are tropical hibernators that may do so to beat the heat. And
“some species hibernate in response to food shortages,” notes Drew. For example, echidnas ( 针 鼹 )
in Australia will hibernate after fires, waiting until food resources rebound to resume normal
activities.To slow their metabolism (新陈代谢), animals cool their bodies by 5 to 10 °C on average. The
Arctic ground squirrels Drew works on can take this much further, supercooling to subfreezing
temperatures. Drew’s research has shown that cooling is likely regulated by levels of adenosine (腺苷)
in the brain. Not only does adenosine increase in winter in ground squirrels, the receptors for the
molecule become more sensitive to it.
But species don’t stay in their cold, sleeping state for the duration of their dormant period. About
80 percent of their energy is spent intermittently (间歇地) waking and warming up. Why they do this
is “one of the greatest mysteries” of the field, says Thomas Ruf, a professor of animal physiology at
the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna. Some think they need to turn back on their immune
systems to fight disease, while others think they may simply awaken so they can sleep.
One bird and a variety of amphibians(两栖动物), reptiles and insects also exhibit
hibernation-like states. There is even at least one fish — the Antarctic cod — that slows down its
metabolism in winter, becoming 20 times less active. And, of course, there are lots of mammals.
While bears might be the first that come to mind, most mammalian hibernators are on the smaller
side. “The average hibernator weighs only 70 grams,” says Ruf. That’s because little bodies have
high surface area to volume ratios, making it more taxing for them to stay warm in cold weather —
so they need the seasonal energy savings more than larger animals.
38. How does the author distinguish between hibernation and sleep?
A. By highlighting reasons. B. By presenting definitions.
C. By introducing arguments. D. By comparing the data.
39. “Echidnas” in Paragraph 3 is introduced to show ______.
A. animals cool their bodies by 5 to 10°C on average
B. tropical hibernators may hibernate to beat the heat
C. some species hibernate in response to food shortage
D. hibernation is most often seen as a seasonal behavior
40. The last paragraph mainly discusses ______.
A. when certain animals hibernate B. what kinds of animals hibernate
C. why some animals hibernate D. how animals hibernate
41. The passage implies that ______.
A. It is harder for smaller animals to keep warm in winter.B. The cooling of bodies may influence the levels of adenosine.
C. Scientists don’t agree on the reasons of intermittent hibernation.
D. Body functions are still unconsciously performed during hibernation.
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. B 41. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬眠和睡眠的区别，冬眠原因的最新调查以及哪些动物需要冬眠。
【38 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is very different from sleep, which is gentle resting state where
unconscious functions are still performed.”可知，这与睡眠有很大的不同，睡眠是一种温和的休
息状态，在这种状态下，无意识的功能仍在发挥作用。在根据第三段中的“Hibernation is a means
of energy conservation”可知，冬眠是一种节省能量的方式，由此可知，作者是通过给出冬眠
和睡眠的定义来区分二者的，故 B 项正确。
【39 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And “some species hibernate in response to food shortages,” notes
Drew. For example, echidnas ( 针 鼹 ) in Australia will hibernate after fires, waiting until food
resources rebound to resume normal activities.”可知，德鲁指出，“一些物种为了应对食物短缺而
冬眠”，例如，澳大利亚的针鼹会在火灾后冬眠，等待食物资源恢复正常活动，由此判断出，
第三段提到针鼹是为了证明一些物种因食物短缺而冬眠，故 C 项正确。
【40 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容，特别是根据“One bird and a variety of amphibians(两栖动
物), reptiles and insects also exhibit hibernation-like states. There is even at least one fish — the
Antarctic cod — that slows down its metabolism in winter, becoming 20 times less active. And, of
course, there are lots of mammals.”可知，有的鸟、鱼、各种两栖动物、爬行动物、昆虫以及很
多哺乳动物都会进入冬眠状态，因此本段主要讲的是哪些动物需要冬眠，故 B 项正确。
【41 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Why they do this is “one of the greatest mysteries” of the field,
says Thomas Ruf, a professor of animal physiology at the University of Veterinary Medicine in
Vienna. Some think they need to turn back on their immune systems to fight disease, while others
think they may simply awaken so they can sleep.”可知，维也纳兽医大学动物生理学教授托马斯鲁
夫说，为什么有些物种要间歇性冬眠是最大的谜团之一，一些人认为它们需要重新启动免疫系统来对抗疾病，而另一些人则认为它们可能只是为了在睡眠状态下保持清醒的状态和身体
的热量，由此判断出，科学家们对间歇性冬眠的原因看法不一，故 C 项正确。
D
Collaboration at work is generally seen as a good thing. The latest survey by the Financial Times
of what employers want from MBA graduates found that the ability to work in a team, to work with a
wide variety of people and to build, maintain and expand a network of people were three of the top
five skills that managers wanted.
But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone
is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when some don’t point out the
faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of others, there is a tendency
for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish by deviating from the majority view.
The same effect may lead to stock-market bubbles.
Modern communication methods mean that collaboration is more frequent. Workers are
constantly in touch with each other via e-mail, messaging groups or mobile calls. But does that
improve or worsen performance?
A new study by Ethan Bernstein, Jesse Shore and David Lazer, three American academics, tried
to answer this question. They set a logical problem (devising the shortest route for a travelling
salesman visiting various cities). Three groups were involved: one where subjects acted
independently; another where they saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage; and a
third where they were kept informed of each other’s views only intermittently (间歇地).
The survey found that members of the individualist group reached the best solution more often
than the constant collaborators, but had a poorer average result. The intermittent collaborators found
the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution.
When it comes to idea generation, giving people a bit of space to find a solution seems to be a
good idea. Occasional collaboration can be a big help; most people have benefited from a colleague’s
wise advice to avoid a particular course of action.
Close teamwork may be vital in the lower reaches of a group, but at the top, someone has to
make a decision. At this stage, intense collaboration may be less helpful. Fashion houses with
co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually
led. Co-led teams of Himalayan climbers are more likely to suffer deaths than those with single leaders. Experts think that co-leadership “creates uncertainty over who is really in charge”. The
battles between Sandy Weill and John Reed when they were co-chief executives of Citigroup in the
late 1990s were infamous. Less than 5% of companies in the Fortune 500 have used a co-CEO
structure since 1989. In short, collaboration may be a useful tool, but it doesn’t work in every
situation.
42. What does the underlined word “deviating” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A Suffering. B. Differing.
C. Varying. D. Ranging.
43. In the new study conducted by three American academics, ______.
A. constant collaborators had the poorest average solution
B. all subjects had the chances to visit a variety of cities
C. individualists found the right result the most often
D. occasional collaboration promoted performance
44. From the last paragraph, we can learn that ______.
A. fashion houses were more likely creative with a single authority
B. Himalayas climbers work together to avoid potential deaths
C. Sandy Weill and John Reed were not so creative leaders
D. successful companies have one Chief Executive Officer
45. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What is collaboration? B. When does collaboration work?
C. Why collaboration is highly valued? D. How to callborate with others in a team?
【答案】42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人们偶尔合作情况下
才能奏效。
【42 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which
help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when
some don’t point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of
others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish”可知，但是，管理者总是必须平衡团队合作的优点，这有助于确保每个人都朝着同一个目标努力，同时也
有群体思维的危险，因为有些人为了与他人保持一致而没有指出计划中的不足之处，当人们
了解到他人的观点时，他们就有一种追随的倾向，此处解释原因——因为他们不愿意偏离多
数人的观点（与别人的观点不同）而显得愚蠢，由此可知画线词词义为“不同于”，故B 项正
确。
【43 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the
individualists, and got a better average solution.”可知，这三位美国学者在研究中发现间歇性的合
作者和个体主义者一样经常找到正确的结果，并得到更好的平均解决方案，也就说他们发现
偶尔的合作可以提升绩效，故 D 项正确。
【44 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less
creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led.”可知，行业专家认为，与单人领
导的品牌相比，拥有联合创意总监的时装公司的创意更少，由此可知，单人领导（单一权威）
的时装公司更具创意，故 A 项正确。
【45 题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人
们偶尔合作情况下才能奏效，故 B 项（团队合作何时凑效？）适合作文章标题。故 B 项正确。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多余选项。
E
Does Waking Up Early Benefit Everyone?
We’ve all heard it before: to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Cook
gets up at 3:45 a.m. – and, as we know, “the early bird catches the worm.” But just because some
successful people wake up early, does that mean it’s a trait most of them share? And if you are not an
early bird, are you really doomed to a less successful life?
___46___ It’s estimated that some 50% of the population isn’t really morning or
evening-oriented, but somewhere in the middle. Numerous studies have found that morning
people are more persistent, self-directed and agreeable, while night owls tend to perform better on measures of memory, processing speed and cognitive ability, even when they have to perform those
tasks in the morning.
Still think the morning people sound more like CEO material? Don’t set your alarm for 5 a.m.
just yet.___47___ “If people are left to their naturally preferred times, they feel much better. They
say that they are much more productive. The mental capacity they have is much broader,” says
Oxford University biologist Katharina Wulff, who studies chronobiology (生物钟学) and sleep. On
the other hand, she says, pushing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful. When
they wake early, for example, night owls are still producing melatonin ( 褪 黑 素 ). “___48___ That
can have lots of negative physiological consequences,” Wulff says.
In many ways, that makes sense, since research shows that our chronotype ( 睡眠类型), or
internal clock, is mainly biological. Up to 47% of it is inherited, which means if you want to know
why you pop up at dawn each day (or never do), you should probably look at your parents. ___49___
Children tend toward morning, with a peak shift toward night around age 20 and a slight change back
toward morning at around age 50.
In our rush to figure out the ‘secrets’ of success, we tend to forget a couple of things. First, not all
high achievers are early risers, and not all early risers are successful. More importantly, things that are
connected don’t necessarily cause the events. ___50___
A. And your preference does change as you age.
B. For about half of us, this isn’t really an issue.
C. Then you interrupt it and push the body to be in the daytime mode.
D. As it turns out, changing your sleep times may not have much effect.
E. And shifting someone’s chronotype doesn’t necessarily change these traits.
F. In other words, it’s not clear that waking up early itself provides the benefit.
G. However, morning exposure to bright light and avoiding light at night can help.
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. F
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了早起不是对每个人都有好处，与是否成功也没有必然的联系。
【46 题详解】
第一段最后一句说不能做到早起的人就注定不能成功吗？B 选项中的 this 指代的就是这一观点，而且“about half of us”与空后的“some 50% of the population”意思一致，故 B 项（对于
我们中半数人来说，这并不是什么大问题）符合语境。
【47 题详解】
空前说请不要把闹表设置在早晨 5 点钟，此处承接上文，讲的还是改变睡眠时间的话题，故 D
项（事实证明，改变睡眠时间可能不会有太大影响）符合语境。
【48 题详解】
空前说逼迫人们远离他们的自然偏好可能是有害的，例如，当夜猫子早起时，他们的身体仍
在分泌褪黑素，此处承接上文，讲的还是夜猫子的身体分泌褪黑素这一话题，C 项中的 it 指代
的就是上一句中“分泌褪黑素这一过程”，故 C 项（然后你打断它，并推动身体进入日间模式）
符合语境。
【49 题详解】
根据空后的 Children，age 20 和 age 50 等年龄段可知，此处讲的是个人的偏好与年龄有一定的
关系，故 A 项（而且你的偏好会随着年龄的增长而改变）符合语境。
【50 题详解】
空前说不是所有的成功人士都是早起的人，也不是所有早起的人都是成功的，更重要的是，
相互关联的事物不一定导致事件的发生，此处位于段末，是对上文的总结，故 F 项（换句话
说，还不清楚早起本身是否有好处）符合语境。
【点睛】在七选五的解题过程中，选项中出现的代词与上下文中某一（些）名词的指代关系
往往是重要线索，例如本篇第 3 题，根据空前的“pushing people too far out of their natural
preference can be harmful. When they wake early, for example, night owls are still producing
melatonin”可知，逼迫人们远离他们的自然偏好可能是有害的，例如，当夜猫子早起时，他
们的身体仍在分泌褪黑素，此处承接上文，讲的还是夜猫子的身体分泌褪黑素这一话题，C 项
中的 it 指代的就是上一句中“producing melatonin”，故 C 项（然后你打断它，并推动身体进入
日间模式）符合语境。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
51.【2018·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他
对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包
括：
(1) 表示欢迎；(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；
(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：(1). 词数不少于 50；
(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
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________________________________________________________________________________
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Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to
express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience
during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of
the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be
completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in
advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be
helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing
when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本文为提纲式作文，文章要求写推荐信，为英国朋友介绍北京的大学。首先可以介绍一下写
作背景（Jim 对中国文化感兴趣，要来中国学习），表达欢迎。然后推荐一所大学，并简要介绍推荐的原因（如大学的特色，可以学到什么等）。再次简单介绍应该做哪方面的准备，如可
以提前学习汉语，读点有关中国传统文化的书，了解中国的习俗，让自己更好地适应中国的
生活。文章可采用一般现在时，人称可以使用第二人称。
亮点说明：文章中巧妙使用非谓语 Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, 使句子结构紧
凑。
使用定语从句 Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in
Chinese profound history and rich culture. 使句子表达更完美；巧妙使用连接词 while 引出来中国
前的准备，使句子结构对称。
第二节 （20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的
社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
提示词：西瓜 watermelon
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_________________________________________【答案】Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.
At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most
beautiful”. And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.
When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the
fields under a hot sun.
When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于图画作文，要求根据图画内容写一篇英文周记。
【详解】假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社
会实践活动。要求根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。分析四幅
图可知，图画作文内容要点比较清晰，其中包括：老师宣布活动内容和意义，我为活动准备，
在农场的劳动过程，介绍活动感受。这样有利于学生写作时发挥与扩展。全文可分成三部分，
开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使用一
般过去时。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述通顺。使用了连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。文章
使用了宾语从句 how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.，还使用了 At the class
meeting, When I got home, On the farm, While working, When I came back home 等过渡词，使文章
上下文衔接流畅。
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